Fluent Essays

Reading #1: From UNWTO: https://www.unwto.org/news/tourism-restarts-40-per-cent-of-destinations-have-now-eased-travel-restrictions After reading the above link and going over the related links under this article including Covid 19 related material, what do you think about the future of the tourism industry? Please give examples and/or facts based on your research. (While you submit your HW's, make sure its in Word.doc or PDF format)    - Each paper must have section headings throughout paper (please avoid one long 2-page paragraph). Ex) “Introduction” or “What is Tourism?” or “Findings” etc… - Paper must use 5 external references minimum.  - Note: do not just use “on-line” citations in the external references. - The final paper/project writing format must follow the APA (American Psychological Association) writing style. Please follow the formatting as outlined on the Owl Purdue Online Writing Lab: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/  - The following links will provide basic video instructions to proper formatting of your paper: - APA Formatting - The Basics: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdAfIqRt60c&list=UUgVqKEU_v6WXOSlgP440MPA&index=4  - APA Formatting: Reference List Basics: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpAOi8-WUY4&list=PL8F43A67F38DE3D5D&index=2  - Each paper must be grammatically correct and free from spelling mistakes And i attached sample paper as well. "htm425" WEEK 1 NOTES HTM 424 Learning Objectives Understand what tourism is and its many definitions. Learn the components of tourism and tourism management. Examine the various approaches to studying tourism. Appreciate how important this industry is to the economy of the world and of many countries. Know the benefits and costs of tourism. Definition of Tourism Tourism may be defined as the processes, activities, and outcomes arising from the relationships and the interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, host governments, host communities, and surrounding environments that are involved in the attracting and hosting of visitors. UNWTO Definition of Tourism Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. Source: UNWTO Visitor A “visitor” is defined as those persons who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence but outside their usual environment for a period not exceeding twelve months and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. (1) Tourists in international technical definitions. (2) Excursionists in international technical definitions. (3) Travelers whose trips are shorter than those that qualify for travel and tourism; e.g., under 50 miles (80 km) from home. (4) Students traveling between home and school only -- other travel of students is within scope of travel and tourism. (5) All persons moving to a new place of residence including all one-way travelers, such as emigrants, immigrants, refugees, domestic migrants, and nomads. Classification of Travelers The Tourism Phenomenon: Components of tourism and tourism management NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT CLIMATE PHSYIOGRAPHY PEOPLE Industry -- Residents -- Visitors BUILT ENVIRONMENT INFORMATION SUPERSTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE CULTURE TECHNOLOGY GOVERNANCE OPERATING SECTORS OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY Travel Trade Sector Accommodation Sector Events Sector Transportation Sector Adventure & Outdoor Recreation Sector Food Services Sector Attractions Sector Entertainment Sector Tourism Services Catalyst, Planning, Development, Promotion, and Management Organizations Private Sector Components Public Sector Components World & National Travel Industry Associations World & National Government Tourism Offices State and Provincial Government Tourism Offices Local & City Government Tourism Departments Local & Regional Tourism Associations/ Convention & Visitor Bureaus State and Provincial Travel Industry Associations SPIRIT OF HOSPITALITY Philosophy Policy Vision Strategy Planning Development Marketing Stewardship Behaviors Experiences Monitoring Evaluation Organization Research Visitation Impacts THE PROCESSES, ACTIVITIES, AND OUTCOMES OF TOURISM CAREERS IN TOURISM THE TOURIST Disciplinary Inputs to the tourism field Source: WTTC Travel and Tourism - World’s Largest Industry In 2011 it is estimated to account for some: $5.9 trillion of Economic Activity 258.5 million jobs In 2021 it is estimated to account for: $11.9 trillion of Economic Activity 323.8 million jobs Travel and Tourism Can Grow by 4% per year Travel and Tourism will continue to expand faster than the economy as a whole and faster than comparable industries. By 2021 Travel & Tourism is expected to account for: $11.9 trillion 323.8 million employees Growth depends on enlightened government policy Source: WTTC TOURISM: WHAT IT MEANS TO THE U.S. ECONOMY Travel spending in U.S. is projected to total $738.5 billion in 2010. Tourism is the nation’s third largest retail industry. Tourism is the nation’s largest service export. Over 7.4 million Americans employed directly in the travel industry, 9 million indirectly for a total of over 16 million jobs. Tourism provides more than 684,000 executive level positions in each year. Travel industry provides a disproportionate number of jobs for the traditionally disadvantaged. Source: U.S. Travel Association Benefits of Tourism - Economic Provides employment opportunities Generates foreign exchange Increases Incomes Increases GNP Can be built on existing infrastructure Develops an infrastructure that will also help stimulate local commerce and industry Can be developed with local products and resources Diversifies the economy Tends to be compatible with other economic activities Spreads development High multiplier impact Increases governmental revenues Benefits of Tourism - Social Broadens educational and cultural horizons Improves quality of life - higher incomes and improved standards of living Justifies environmental protection and improvement Provides tourist and recreational facilities that may be used by a local population Benefits of Tourism - Cultural Reinforces preservation of heritage and tradition Visitor interest in local culture provides employment for artists, musicians and other performing artists enhancing cultural heritage Breaks down language barriers, sociocultural barriers, class barriers, racial barriers, political barriers, and religious barriers Creates a favorable worldwide image for a destination Promotes a global community Promotes international understanding and peace Disadvantages of Tourism - Economic Develops excess demand Results in high leakage Creates difficulties of seasonality Causes inflation Can result in unbalanced economic development Increases vulnerability to economic and political changes Disadvantages of Tourism - Social Creates social problems Degrades the natural physical environment and creates pollution Degrades the cultural environment Threatens family structure Commercializes culture, religion, and the arts Creates misunderstanding Creates conflicts in the host society Contributes to disease, economic fluctuation, and transportation problems HTM425 Tourism Industry Trends Article Research Paper (Sample Paper 1)- The Green Hotel Is a Growing Niche in San Francisco It is my pleasure to authorize Dr. Mehmet Ergul to use this assignment as an sample paper as a teaching material of HTM 425 in San Francisco State University. Contents I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 II. CURRENT TREND IN SAN FRANCISCO ..................................................... 2 III. DISCUSSION ON FUTURE TREND .............................................................. 3 IV. SUMMARY/ CONCLUSION AND LEARNING EXPERIENCE ................... 4 V. REFERENCES .................................................................................................. 5 Page 1 of 5 I. INTRODUCTION With the increasing concern of the environment protection, there is more and more tourists opt for green tourism. Going to green hotels is one of the practices of green tourism. Authors suggested that there are increasing numbers of guests looking for green hotel (Han, Hsu, & Sheu, 2010). However, some authors pointed out that consumers are willing to stay in green hotel but unwilling to pay for it (Manaktola. and Jauhari. 2007). This allegation is formed in India. However, it may not so applicable to San Francisco where is an environmentally-friendly city. Therefore, I think the green hotel is a growing niche in San Francisco. Residents in San Francisco show much awareness and effort in protecting the environment. It can be proved by the commonly seen recycling bins which basically being categorized as recycled, compost and trash. It is required by San Francisco mandatory composting and recycling law which became effective in 2009. In April 2013, there is a ban of plastic bags in San Mateo country as well. Every plastic bag will be charged for 10 cents. It implicates that the San Francisco residents are quite well-educated about protecting environment. Page 2 of 5 II. CURRENT TREND IN SAN FRANCISCO Manaktola. and Jauhari. (2007) thought consumers are unwilling to pay a premium for green service. Even if consumers want to go green, they faced with constraints or conflicts which resist them go have green behavior. It can be also explained by the satisfaction of wants which ignores the long term benefits of society (McDaniel and Rylander, 1993). However, I am quite doubtful about this allegation. It may be true in the old days since the green awareness was comparatively low. There was less issue about global warming, air and water pollution etc. With the increasing population and the use of energy, the number of ecological conscious people has been increased. Environmentalism has been an important issue in the marketplace (Han et al., 2009). Laroche et al. (2001) discovered that ecological conscious consumers intend to spend more to consider ecological issue. Marriot has to double the number of “green rooms” which offers purify air and water due to high demand, given that consumers has to pay US$10 premium. (Gustin and Weaver, 1996) Page 3 of 5 III. DISCUSSION ON FUTURE TREND It is believed that the going green phenomenon will be more popular. The reasons are threefold. Firstly, it is believed that hotel can save money in the long run since hotel industry is one of the most energy-and-water intensive sectors in the tourism industry (Bohdanowicz, 2005).For example, the cost of buying energy-saving bulbs is high. But it reduces electricity expense in the long run. Secondly, they can gain positive publicity which is called the corporate social responsibility. Going green is one of the ways to define the brand, creating a base of loyalty guests (i.e. ecological conscious consumers). Chan (2005) agrees that green hotels satisfy eco-friendly consumers’ needs and avoid criticism of existing tourism practices as well. Thirdly, researchers found out that consumers are willing to accept the minor inconveniences in green hotels, for example, reusing towels and using recycled products. They are keen to learn about the positive environmental attributes of green hotels. (Kim and Han, 2010). It proves that consumers are not so reluctant to sacrifice their existing lifestyle. In the future, with the increasing competiveness of the hotel industry, it is believed that hotels will be more customer-oriented, trying to cater for niche consumes’ needs. The number of green hotels will be increased to satisfy the surging demand. And the price of green hotels will be lower due to keen competition. Page 4 of 5 IV. SUMMARY/ CONCLUSION AND LEARNING EXPERIENCE There is an increasing environmental concern. More and more consumers prefer a green lodging facility that follows environmentally friendly practice. (Han, Hsu and Sheu, 2010). From consumers’ perspective, given there is a high fee of going green, it is proved that the ecological conscious consumers are still willing to pay a premium for using green facilities. From hotels’ perspective, though a huge capital is needed to be a green lodging place, they are still willing to invest to save money in the long run. Moreover, hotels forecast that there is a basket of green guests. It is showed that green market is a growing niche. With more green promotion, it is predicted that the green market will not only be a niche anymore. There is a possibility that they can share a same market share in the industry. This is a useful assignment since it gives me a chance to explore the trend in hospitality. Following the trend is not enough. This is just a reactive response to the industry. To be a leader, you need to forecast and to be reactive. This is why I love this assignment. Page 5 of 5 V. REFERENCES Bohdanowicz, P. (2005). European hoteliers’ environmental attitudes: Greening the business. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Quarterly, 46, 188–204. Chan, W.W. (2005). Predicting and saving the consumption of electricity in sub-tropical hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 17(3), 228–237. Gustin, M. E. & Weaver, P. A. (1996). Are Hotels Prepared for the Environmental Consumer?. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 20 (1), 1-14. Han, H., Hsu, L. T. & Lee, J. S. (2009). Empirical investigation of the roles of attitudes toward green behaviors, overall image, gender, and age in hotel customers’ eco-friendly decision-making process. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28 519-528. Han, H., Hsu, L., & Sheu, C. (2010). Application of the theory of planned behavior to green hotel choice: Testing the effect of environmental friendly activities. Tourism Management, 31, 325–334 Kim, Y. & Han, H. (2010). Intention to pay conventional-hotel prices at a green hotel – a modification of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18 (8), 997-1014. Manaktola, K. & Jauhari, V. (2007). Exploring consumer attitude and behaviour towards green practices in the lodging industry in India. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 19 (5), 364-377. McDaniel, S.W. and Rylander, D.H. (1993), “Strategic green marketing”, The Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 4-11.