Fluent Essays

8 HOMEWORK 1 HAS TO BE DONE FIRST THEN 2 AND SO ON Lab Report #1 Integumentary System 1) Which of the following was not a factor in the diffusion experiment on Mastering A & P? a. Size of pore in the membrane b. Concentration of the solute c. Electrical charge of the solute d. Size of the solute 2) Which integument layer has the greatest capacity to retain fluid? 3) Which type of skin cancer is the most aggressive and why?______________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4) Which gland is responsible for maintaining the moistness of hair? 5) If a vaccine contained a considerable amount of fluid which layer would be the ideal layer to inject into and why? ______________________________________________________________________ 6) What is the typical thickness of the epidermis________and dermis _______. 7) What color can the skin appear with venous insufficiency? ____________________________________ 8) List four integumentary changes with an older patient:_________________, ______________, ____________________, _____________________ 9) List two causes of skin turgor: _____________, ___________________________ 10) List two advantages of an intradermal injection ___________________________, ______________________________ 11) What is the driving force of filtration? ______________________________________ 12) What is the driving force of diffusion? ______________________________________ Phys 202 Lab Assignment #2 1) Define the term saturation in terms of membrane transporters________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Give an example of a molecule that doesn't pass through a cell membrane without a membrane carrier __________________________ 3) Give an example of a molecule that passes through a cell membrane without a membrane carrier _________________ 4) What properties of water allow it to pass through a cell membrane?_________________________ 5) The Na+ K+ ATP pump is an example of which type of membrane transporter?_________________ 6) What are the three mechanisms to control gated channels? __________________________________________________________ 7) A carrier protein is adapt at transporting (circle the correct answer) A) Small ions B) Water C) K+ D) Large molecules E) None of the above are correct Physio Lab Assignment #4 List the function of: TSH___________________________________ CRH___________________________________ GnRH__________________________________ GHRH__________________________________ List the functions of the following including male/female function: ACTH____________________________________________________________________ TSH_____________________________________________________________________ LH______________________________________________________________________ FSH_____________________________________________________________________ PRL_____________________________________________________________________ GH_____________________________________________________________________ PHYS 202 Assignment # 5 Skeletal Muscle 1) What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? ______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Describe the function of troponin and tropomyosin _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Why will overstretching a skeletal muscle result in less contractile force?________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4) Which phase of skeletal muscle contraction is the most brief?________________________________ 5) Which type of skeletal muscle fiber is the most prevalent in everyone? ________________________ 6) Increasing voltage to a muscle will increase contraction force up to a limit-why? __________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7) ______________ ___is the activation of additional motor units to accomplish increased contractile force. 8) What occurs during the latent phase of skeletal muscle contraction? ____________________________________________________________________________________ Case Study #1 You are doing a clinical on the medical-surgical floor of a local hospital when Mr. B arrives from the emergency room. Mr. B is a 32-year-old who was thrown off his bicycle in an accident; he has three fractured ribs and a punctured lung. In the ER, they inserted a chest tube to drain air and fluid out of his pleural cavity, allowing his lungs to re-expand. He had one dose of Demerol 3 hours ago for pain and a second dose just before transfer, according to the telephone report from the ER nurse. 1. How does removing air from the chest allow the lungs to expand? Mr. B has been transferred to your floor to wait and see whether the chest tube allows his lungs to completely re-expand. But when he arrives, he is in severe respiratory distress. He says “I felt better before I came into the ER! Is this tube doing anything?” You tell the Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS). As the two of you move him into the bed, you notice that his chest tube bottle is lying on its side on the gurney, with air going into it. When you point this out to the CNS, she immediately grabs the bottle and sets it upright on the floor. You see air start bubbling through the fluid right away. “That was the problem!” she says. “They lost the water seal, and air was going into his chest from the bottle. You would not believe how many times that happens on transport.” When you examine Mr. B, you have trouble detecting his lung sounds on the left. Even stranger, his apical heart sound is in the wrong place--it is over toward the right side of his chest. His respiration rate and heart rate are both increased, and he is struggling to breathe. “Let's give him a little oxygen. He’ll be a lot better in a half-hour,” says the CNS. “Check back on him.” 1. Why would accumulation of air in his pleural space cause his heart sounds to be in the wrong place? While Mr. B is recovering, you check on your other patients. Mrs. H, a 57-year-old first-day post-cholecystectomy patient, is also showing signs of rapid breathing, increased heart rate, and decreased pulse oximeter readings. You ask if she has been using her incentive spirometer to make sure she breathes deeply, and she says, “It hurts my belly incision. There wasn’t anything wrong with my lungs anyway.” “There will be if you don't use it! You really need to do that at least once an hour. It's to keep your alveoli from collapsing.” “Why would they collapse? The doctors didn't do anything to them, unless that anesthesia gas was toxic.” 1. Why would a post-surgical patient's lungs collapse if there was nothing wrong with them before surgery? 1. Explain the role of surfactant in the lungs. Assignment #6 Neurophysiology 1) What is the name of CN VIII? _______________________________ 2) What is the name of CN V? _______________________________ 3) Name the cranial nerve that innervates muscles of mastication____________________________ 4) Name the cranial nerve that innervates tongue movement ____________________________ 5) What is the name of CN IV? ___________________________ 6) What is the name of CN IX? ___________________________ 7) How would you test CN II? _____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8) How would you test CN X? _________________________________________________________ 9) How would you test CN V? ________________________________________________________ 10) What would a 1+ DTR indicate? ___________________________________________________ 11) Which nerve roots innervate Biceps deep tendon reflex? ____________ 12) Which nerve root innervate Achilles deep tendon reflex? ____________ 13) Can a deep tendon reflex be consciously diminished by the patient? (explain your answer) _____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Case Study #2 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease, and every health professional will need to understand how it works and identify common emergency situations related to it. But an equally important part of the health professional's role is patient education and explaining what happens in the disease process. After they go home, diabetes patients will have to manage this complex disease every day. You are working in the free clinic when Father X comes in. You know him well; he is a type 2 diabetic who keeps his sugar under control with diet and exercise but is often in the clinic with homeless patients from the shelter he runs in the Episcopalian church down the block. 1. Diabetes mellitus is a disease of sugar balance. In type 1 diabetes, the body’s immune system gradually destroys the cells that produce insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the body's cells become less responsive to the hormone insulin. Insulin plays a vital role in carbohydrate metabolism. What is its role? 2. Insulin and glucagon release from the pancreas is a vital part of the negative feedback loop that regulates blood glucose levels. Write out this feedback loop and predict how insulin levels will respond to blood glucose. When will insulin levels be highest during the day? When will they be lowest? On this visit, Father X has brought in a thin man in his twenties named Joe. Joe appears confused and lethargic. He is breathing heavily and has a strong fruity odor. Father X tells you he is concerned about Joe because last night Joe was up every half-hour or so to use the bathroom and get water. Father X knows these are signs of diabetes, so he wants to get Joe checked out. He also tells you that Joe has not been drinking; they have a breathalyzer at the shelter, and Joe tested clean when he checked in the night before. Joe's blood pressure is a little low at 95/60 mm Hg and his heart rate is a little high at 96 bpm. When you take his pulse, you notice that his skin is dry and “tents” up when pinched--a sign of dehydration. His respirations are more rapid than normal, 25 breaths/min., and heavy. His blood glucose is elevated at 320 mg/dL. His urine also contains glucose, and has a lower pH than normal. When you take his history he tells you that type 1 diabetes runs in his family. 3. Normally, urine does not contain glucose. When blood glucose levels are elevated, however, some of the glucose is lost in the urine. Apply the principle of osmosis to explain why Joe was getting up all night to use the bathroom, and why he has low blood pressure and signs of dehydration. 4. In type 1 diabetes, the cells in the pancreas which produce insulin are destroyed. Which cells are these? The cells which produce glucagon, however, are not affected. Which cells are these? What will glucagon cause Joe's cells to do? 5. People with type 1 diabetes commonly have high blood sugar levels but lose weight. Based on the effects insulin and glucagon have on cells, explain this. What compounds do you expect the cells to release into Joe's blood? 6. The odor on Joe’s breath is from ketones. Why would a man with type 1 diabetes develop high blood ketone levels?