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Below you will find 4 questions (1 from each chapter you have read thus far). Please respond to each in detail. Your overall response should be a minimum of 350 words. Include a minimum of 2 references, one can be the textbook i Alters & Schi! ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS FOR Healthy Living EIGHTH EDITION Je! Housman, PhD, MCHES Assistant Professor in Department of Health & Human Performance Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas Mary Odum, PhD, CHES Texas State University San Marcos, Texas World Headquarters Jones & Bartlett Learning 5 Wall Street Burlington, MA 01803 978-443-5000 [email protected] www.jblearning.com Jones & Bartlett Learning books and products are available through most bookstores and online booksellers. To contact Jones & Bartlett Learning directly, call 800-832-0034, fax 978-443-8000, or visit our website, www.jblearning.com. 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Other titles: Alters & Schi# essential concepts for healthy living | Essential concepts for healthy living Description: Eighth edition. | Burlington, Massachusetts : Jones & Bartlett Learning, [2020] | Preceded by Alters & Schi# essential concepts for healthy living / Je# Housman, Mary Odum. 7th ed. 2015. | Includes bibliographical references. Identi!ers: LCCN 2018024740 | ISBN 9781284152791 (pbk.) Subjects: | MESH: Healthy Lifestyle | Health Education | Health Behavior | Hygiene | United States | Popular Works Classi!cation: LCC RA776.5 | NLM QT 210 | DDC 613–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018024740 6048 Printed in the United States of America 22 21 20 19 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 iii Brief Contents 1 Health: !e Foundation for Life 2 2 Psychological Health 38 3 Stress and Its Management 72 4 Violence and Abuse 98 5 Reproductive Health 124 6 Romantic Relationships and Sexuality 168 7 Drug Use and Abuse 204 8 Alcohol and Tobacco 238 9 Nutrition 278 10 Body Weight and Its Management 320 11 Physical Fitness 350 12 Cardiovascular Health 388 13 Cancer 422 14 Infection, Immunity, and Noninfectious Disease 464 15 Aging, Dying, and"Death 512 16 Environmental Health 546 v Focus on Critical Thinking xiv Reviewers xxi About the Authors xxii C H A P T E R 1 Health: !e Foundation for Life 2 What Is Health? 5 Health and Wellness 6 The Components of Health 6 The Nation’s Health 8 Tracking the Nation’s Health 8 Health Promotion: Development of Healthy People 2020 10 Minority Health Status 11 Genetics and Genomics 11 Understanding Health Behavior 13 Changing Health Behavior 13 Making Positive Health-Related Decisions 16 The Goal of Prevention 18 Can Good Health Be Prescribed? 18 Analyzing Health Information 20 Becoming a Wary Consumer of Health Information 20 Assessing Information on the Internet 23 Applying What You Have Learned 24 Contents Conventional Medicine, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, and Integrative Medicine 24 Analyzing Health-Related Information 25 Herbs as Medicines 27 CAM Therapies in Perspective 29 Choosing Conventional Medical Practitioners 31 CHAPTER REVIEW 34 C H A P T E R 2 Psychological Health 38 The Basics of Psychological Health 40 Personality Development 41 Theories of Personality Development 43 Adjustment and Growth 45 Self-Esteem 46 Improving Your Psychological Health 47 Understanding Psychological (Mental) Illness 48 The Impact of Psychological Illness 49 What Causes Psychological Disorders? 50 Treating Psychological Disorders 51 Common Psychological Disorders 52 Anxiety Disorders 52 Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders 53 Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 54 Neurodevelopmental Disorders 54 Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders 55 vi Contents Major Types of Violence and Abuse 102 Sexual Violence 102 Family Violence 105 Sexual Harassment 107 Stalking 107 Community Violence 109 Institutional Violence 110 Workplace Violence 110 Terrorism 111 Assessing Your Risk of Violence 111 Preventing and Avoiding Violence 112 Home Security Measures 113 Community Security Measures 113 Reducing the Risk of Violence While in a Car 114 Workplace Safety Measures 114 Self-Protection 114 Reporting Violence 115 Analyzing Health-Related Information 119 CHAPTER REVIEW 120 C H A P T E R 5 Reproductive Health 124 The Male Reproductive System 126 The Internal Organs of Sexual Reproduction 126 The External Organs of Sexual Reproduction 128 The Female Reproductive System 128 The Internal Organs of Sexual Reproduction 128 The External Organs of Sexual Reproduction 130 The Menstrual Cycle 132 Premenstrual Syndrome 132 Toxic Shock Syndrome 133 Pregnancy and Human Development 134 Prepregnancy and Prenatal Care 134 Determining If You Are or Your Partner Is Pregnant 138 Mood Disorders 55 Feeding and Eating Disorders 59 Schizophrenia 62 Suicide 63 Preventing Suicide 63 Analyzing Health-Related Information 67 CHAPTER REVIEW 68 C H A P T E R 3 Stress and Its Management 72 What Is Stress? 74 Stressors 74 Stress Responses 75 Physical Responses 75 Psychological Responses 77 The Impact of Stress on Health 79 Stressful Life Events 79 The Mind–Body Relationship 80 Personality and Stress 82 Stress and Chronic Health Problems 82 Coping with Stress 86 Problem-Focused Strategies 86 Analyzing Health-Related Information 87 Journal Writing 88 Emotion-Focused Strategies 88 Social Support Strategies 89 Relaxation Techniques 90 Deep Breathing 90 Progressive Muscular Relaxation 90 Meditation and the Relaxation Response 91 Imagery 92 Self-Talk 92 Physical Exercise 92 CHAPTER REVIEW 95 C H A P T E R 4 Violence and Abuse 98 How Violence Affects Health 100 What Causes Violent Behavior? 101 Contents vii Solitary Sexual Behavior 188 Celibacy 188 Romantic Relationships 188 Defining Love 188 Psychologists’ Theories About Love 189 Love Attachments 190 Establishing Romantic Commitments 192 Love Changes over Time 192 Types of Romantic Commitments 193 Communication in Relationships 195 Analyzing Health-Related Information 198 CHAPTER REVIEW 200 C H A P T E R 7 Drug Use and Abuse 204 Drug Use, Misuse, and Abuse 206 Psychoactive Drugs: Effects on the Mind and Body 208 How Psychoactive Drugs Affect the Brain 208 What Happens to Drugs in the Body? 209 Illicit Drug Use in the United States 209 Why Do People Use Psychoactive Drugs? 210 Patterns of Psychoactive Drug Use 210 Drug Dependence 212 Physiologic and Psychological Dependence 212 Risk Factors for Drug Dependency 212 Stimulants 213 Amphetamines and Methamphetamines 213 Cocaine 216 Caffeine 217 Depressants 218 Sedatives and Tranquilizers 219 Rohypnol 219 GHB and GBL 219 Pregnancy and Fetal Development 139 The Birth Process 140 Circumcision 144 The Postpartum Period 145 Infertility 146 Factors That Affect Fertility 146 Treating Infertility 147 Contraception 148 Abstinence and Natural Methods 148 Chemical Methods 151 Barrier Methods 151 Hormonal Methods 154 Intrauterine Devices 156 Emergency Contraception 157 Sterilization 157 Abortion 158 Analyzing Health-Related Information 164 CHAPTER REVIEW 165 C H A P T E R 6 Romantic Relationships and Sexuality 168 Human Sexual Behavior 171 The Biology of Sexual Behavior 171 The Psychology of Sexual Behavior 172 The Sexual Response 172 Sexual Dysfunctions 175 Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence) 175 Premature (Rapid) Ejaculation 176 Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder 177 Female Sexual Arousal Disorder 177 Vaginismus 177 Culture, Gender, and Sexuality 180 Gender Identity and Roles 180 Sexual Orientation 184 Nature or Nurture? 185 Sexual Orientation and Society 186 viii Contents Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse 255 Tobacco 257 Who Uses Tobacco and Why? 258 Nicotine Addiction 259 The Health Effects of Tobacco Use 260 Environmental Tobacco Smoke 266 Quitting 266 Prevention 270 CHAPTER REVIEW 274 C H A P T E R 9 Nutrition 278 Basic Nutrition Principles 281 What Are Nutrients? 281 What Are Non-nutrients? 281 Natural, Health, Organic, and Functional Foods 282 What Happens to the Food You Eat? 284 Energy-Supplying Nutrients 286 Carbohydrates 286 Lipids 291 Proteins 294 Non-Energy-Supplying Nutrients 299 Vitamins 299 Minerals 301 Water 304 The Basics of a Healthful Diet 305 Nutrient Requirements and Recommendations 305 The Dietary Guidelines 306 MyPlate 307 Using Nutritional Labeling 308 What About Foods Sold in Restaurants? 310 Do You Need Vitamin or Mineral Supplements? 310 Malnutrition: Undernutrition and Overnutrition 311 Analyzing Health-Related Information 315 CHAPTER REVIEW 316 Opiates 220 Opium and Heroin 221 OxyContin and Vicodin 221 Marijuana 222 Hallucinogens 223 LSD 223 Mescaline 223 Psilocybin 224 PCP 224 Ketamine 224 Inhalants 224 Designer Drugs: Drugs with Mixed Effects 225 Ecstasy 226 K2 226 Bath Salts 227 Over-the-Counter Drugs 227 Look-Alike Drugs 227 Weight-Loss Aids 228 Ephedrine/Ephedra 228 Drug Treatment and Prevention 229 Treating Drug Dependency 229 Antidrug Vaccines 230 Preventing Drug Misuse and Abuse 230 Analyzing Health-Related Information 234 CHAPTER REVIEW 235 C H A P T E R 8 Alcohol and Tobacco 238 Alcohol Use, Abuse, and Dependence 241 Factors Related to Alcohol Abuse and Dependence 242 Alcohol and College Students 244 How the Body Processes Alcohol 246 Consequences of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence 248 Analyzing Health-Related Information 249 Prevention 253 How to Manage Alcohol Consumption 255 Contents ix The Health-Related Components of Physical Fitness 355 Cardiorespiratory Fitness 356 Muscular Strength 359 Muscular Endurance 360 Flexibility 361 Body Composition 363 Analyzing Health-Related Information 365 Athletic Performance 367 The Sports-Related Components of Fitness 367 Diet and Performance 367 Ergogenic Aids 367 Exercising for Health 370 The Exercise Session 372 Exercise Danger Signs 373 Preventing and Managing Common Exercise Injuries 373 Strains and Sprains 373 Dislocation 373 Temperature-Related Injuries 374 Developing a Personal Fitness Program 376 Active for a Lifetime 378 CHAPTER REVIEW 384 C H A P T E R 1 2 Cardiovascular Health 388 The Cardiovascular System and How It Works 390 Cardiovascular Diseases 393 Atherosclerosis 393 Coronary Artery Disease 394 Stroke 400 Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease 402 Family Health History 403 Abnormal Blood Lipid Levels 403 Cigarette Smoking 405 High Blood Pressure 405 Physical Inactivity 406 C H A P T E R 1 0 Body Weight and Its Management 320 Overweight and Obesity 322 Body Mass Index 322 The Prevalence of Obesity 324 How Does Excess Body Fat Affect Health? 325 The Caloric Cost of Living 325 Energy for Basal (Vital) Metabolism 325 Energy for Physical Activity 326 Energy for the Thermic Effect of Food 328 The Basics of Energy Balance 328 Body Composition 328 How Much Body Fat Is Healthy? 329 Estimating Body Fat 329 What Causes Obesity? 332 Biological Influences 332 Environmental, Social, and Psychological Influences 335 Weight Management 336 Weight Reduction Diets 336 Physical Activity 338 Surgical Procedures 339 Medications 339 Alternative Therapies 340 Strategies for Successful Weight Loss 340 Analyzing Health-Related Information 343 Weight Gain 343 CHAPTER REVIEW 347 C H A P T E R 1 1 Physical Fitness 350 Principles of Physical Fitness 352 The Body in Motion 352 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems 352 Defining Physical Activity and Exercise 354 Physical Activity and Health 354 x Contents Reducing Your Risk for Cancer 458 CHAPTER REVIEW 460 C H A P T E R 1 4 Infection, Immunity, and Noninfectious Disease 464 Noninfectious Diseases 466 Genetic Diseases 466 Noninfectious Disease and the Interaction of Genetic Factors with the Environment 469 Noninfectious Conditions with Environmental or Unknown Causes 471 Trends in Infectious Disease 472 The Chain of Infection 473 Pathogens 473 Transmission 476 The Host 478 Immunity 479 Nonspecific Immunity 479 Specific Immunity 482 Interactions Between Nonspecific and Specific Immunity 484 Protection Against Infectious Diseases 484 Drugs That Combat Infection 485 Sexually Transmitted Infections 488 Sexually Transmitted Infections Caused by Viruses 489 Human Immunodeficiency Virus 489 Genital Herpes 494 Genital Warts 495 Analyzing Health-Related Information 497 Sexually Transmitted Infections Caused by Bacteria 498 Syphilis 498 Gonorrhea 499 Chlamydial Infections 501 Obesity 407 Diabetes Mellitus 407 Anxiety and Stress 407 Elevated C-Reactive Protein 409 Maintaining Cardiovascular Health 409 Smoking Cessation 410 Maintaining a Healthy Weight 410 Regular Exercise 410 Lowering Blood Pressure 410 Reducing Blood Cholesterol 411 Aspirin Therapy 412 Hormone Replacement Therapy 412 Analyzing Health-Related Information 414 CHAPTER REVIEW 418 C H A P T E R 1 3 Cancer 422 What Is Cancer? 424 How Cancers Develop and Spread 424 Genes and Cancer Development 425 Metastasis 425 Cancer Detection and Staging 428 Cancer Treatment 429 Surgery 433 Radiation 433 Chemotherapy 433 Laser and Photodynamic Therapy 434 Targeted Therapies 434 Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplants 435 Prevalent Cancers in the United States 435 Cancers Caused by or Related to Tobacco 435 Cancers Related to Diet 443 Cancers Related to Hormone Function 445 Cancers Related to Viral Infection: Cervical Cancer 449 Cancers Related to Ultraviolet Radiation: Skin Cancers 451 Analyzing Health-Related Information 453 Cancers with Unknown Causes 454 Contents xi C H A P T E R 1 6 Environmental Health 546 Environmental Health in and Around the Home 548 Poisoning 549 Inhalation of Asbestos Fibers 554 Electromagnetic Radiation 555 Analyzing Health-Related Information 556 Irradiation of Food 557 Environmental Health in the Workplace 558 Pesticide Poisoning 558 Exposure to and Inhalation of Other Toxic Chemicals 559 Indoor Air Pollution 560 Environmental Health in the Outdoors 561 Water Pollution 561 Air Pollution 562 Noise Pollution 564 CHAPTER REVIEW 567 Appendix A !e Mission, Vision, and Goals of Healthy People 2020 571 Appendix B Injury Prevention and Emergency Care 575 Appendix C Food Intake Patterns Based on MyPlate Recommendations 583 Student Workbook 589 Glossary 692 Index 702 Other Sexually Transmitted Infections 502 Trichomonas Vaginalis Infections 502 Yeast Infections 502 Pubic Lice 502 Scabies 503 Protecting Yourself Against STIs 503 CHAPTER REVIEW 508 C H A P T E R 1 5 Aging, Dying, and"Death 512 Aging 514 Life Expectancy 516 The Characteristics of Aged Americans 516 Why Do We Age? 518 The Effects of Aging on Physical Health 519 Analyzing Health-Related Information 524 The Effects of Aging on Psychological Health 526 The Effects of Aging on Social Health 527 Successful Aging 527 Dying 529 The Spiritual Aspects of Dying 529 The Emotional Aspects of Dying 530 Terminal Care: The Options 531 Death 533 What Is Death? 533 Euthanasia and the Right to Die 534 Preparing for Death 535 Some Final Thoughts on Death 537 Grief 538 CHAPTER REVIEW 542 xii Features Minority Health Status in the United States 14 American Indians and Psychological Health 42 Stress and Asian Americans 78 Spouse Abuse: An International Problem 108 Menopause 161 The Perceived Virtue of Virginity 178 Common Sexual Practices Between Partners 187 Khat 214 Tobacco Drinking? 263 Asian American Food 295 The Plight of the Pima 333 New Interest in an Ancient Approach to Fitness 382 The Italian Gene: A Hope for Reversing Atherosclerosis? 407 Stomach Cancer: Variation in Mortality Among Countries 441 Sickle Cell Disease: Why Does This Deleterious Gene Persist? 467 Hunting for Supercentenarians 515 Hunger, the Environment, and the World’s Population 566 Diversity in Health Consumer Health Consumer Protection 21 Locating and Selecting Mental Health Therapists 50 Managing Your Health Routine Health Care for Disease Prevention: Adult Recommendations 19 Resolving Interpersonal Conflicts Constructively 47 A Technique for Progressive Muscular Relaxation 91 Sexual Assault: Safety and Prevention 103 Genetic Counseling and Prenatal Diagnosis 136 Enlargement of the Prostate 162 Minding Your Sexual Manners 192 Falling Asleep Without Prescriptions 219 Healthy Technology and Social Media Consumption 85 Natural Defense: Pepper Spray 115 Home Pregnancy Tests 139 Ginseng and Sexual Prowess 174 Over-the-Counter Medicines: Safety and the FDA 228 Electronic Cigarettes or E-Cigarettes 262 Dietary Supplements 312 Dietary Supplements: Weight-Loss Aids 342 Choosing a Fitness Center 380 Vitamin Pills for a Healthier Heart? 408 Alternative Cancer Therapies 432 CAM Products and Colds 486 Choosing a Long-Term Care Facility 532 Carbon Monoxide Detectors: Are They Reliable? 554 Features xiii Across the Life Span Health 32 Psychological Health 65 Stress 94 Violence and Abuse 117 Sexual Development 160 Sexuality 196 Drug Use and Abuse 231 The Effects of Alcohol and Tobacco Use 272 Nutrition 313 Weight Management 345 Physical Fitness 381 Cardiovascular Health 412 Cancer 458 Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases 505 Dying and Death 540 Environmental Health 565 Drinking and Date-Rape Drugs: Safety Tips 247 Guidelines for Safer Drinking 255 How to Say No to Secondhand Smoke 269 Tips for Quitters 271 Trimming Unhealthy Fats from Your Diet 296 General Features of Reliable Weight Reduction Plans 344 Assessing the Intensity of Your Workout: Target Heart Rates 357 Heart Attack and Stroke (Brain Attack) Symptoms: What to Do in an Emergency 401 Screening Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer in Average-Risk Asymptomatic People 430 Breast Self-Examination 446 Testicular Self-Examination 456 Reducing Your Risk for Cancer 458 Cancer’s Seven Warning Signs 459 Eliminating or Reducing Your Risk of HIV Infection and Other STIs 493 After the Death of a Loved One 539 Tips to Prevent Poisonings 552 Avoiding ELF Radiation 557 Reducing Pesticide Levels in the Food You Eat 560 As the title suggests, Alters & Schiff Essential Concepts for Healthy Living was written to provide students with cur- rent information on how to live and age well. Our text- book combines evidence-based information with critical thinking activities to guide students toward healthy living through analysis of their own health behavior. We challenge students to think seriously about health- related information by using critical-thinking strategies. What Is Critical Thinking? What Does a Critical-Thinking Textbook Do? Critical thinking encompasses a variety of cognitive skills, such as: • Synthesizing • Analyzing • Applying • Evaluating Throughout the textbook, a critical-thinking icon identi- fies features that focus specifically on these skills. In the health sciences, critical-thinking skills are necessary to understand and evaluate health information as well as apply it to daily life. This book teaches critical thinking skills that help students develop expertise in important cognitive functions: • Differentiating between verifiable facts and value statements • Distinguishing relevant information from irrelevant information • Determining the factual accuracy of health claims • Making responsible health-related decisions To think critically, students need a solid foundation of personal health information. Alters & Schiff Essential Concepts for Healthy Living has been developed from the latest scientific and medical research, relying heavily on primary sources, which are cited in the text. Because understanding health involves understanding science, this text includes basic scientific information that relates to health and presents it in an easy-to-under- stand manner. Focus on Critical !inking What Is New and Improved in This Edition? The eighth edition is updated to provide the most cur- rent statistical data on a comprehensive array of health and wellness topics and issues. Updates to the new edi- tion include: • Extensive changes to Chapter 4, “Violence and Abuse” • The Managing Your Health box, Sexual Assault: Safety and Prevention, has been heavily revised to avoid victim blaming. • The definitions for key words such as sexual harassment have been updated. • The section on Community Violence has new information to include gang violence. • A new table, Safety Planning, has been added (Table 4.3). • Chapter 6, “Romantic Relationships and Sexuality,” has also been heavily revised. • The section on Culture, Gender, and Sexuality was completely rewritten to reflect the evolving understanding of nontraditional gender identities. • A new table lists Common Gender Identity Terms as well as Outdated, Inaccurate, or Offensive Gender Identity Terms (Table 6.1). • The subsection Sexual Orientation now includes new definitions for various types of sexual orientation, including asexual, pansexual, and so on. • The chapter “Nutrition” (Chapter 9) includes updated Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015–2020. • Table 13.3 in the chapter “Cancer” (Chapter 13) has been updated with 2018 estimates on new cancer cases and deaths. • A new Workbook activity for Chapter 6 has been added: the Couples Satisfaction Index. • New features appear throughout, including: • Consumer Health: Healthy Technology and Social Media Consumption in Chapter 3, “Stress and Its Management” xiv • Figure 4.3, Community Violence, is a photo of the memorial following the Las Vegas mass shooting (Chapter 4, “Violence and Abuse”). How to Use This Book Analyzing Health-Related Information activities included throughout the text provide students with examples of common advertisement techniques and other forms of media and ask them to determine whether the infor- mation presented is valid. Because health information is readily available through many forms of media, we believe it is important for students to be able to dis- tinguish evidence-based information from unreliable health information. We believe that students will find these activities and tools easy to use. If students read each chapter carefully and complete each activity thoroughly, they will gain a good understanding of major concepts of healthy liv- ing that can be applied to their personal lives as well as future health-related careers. Key Features Alters & Schiff Essential Concepts for Healthy Living focuses on teaching behavior change, personal deci- sion making, and up-to-date personal health concepts. The critical-thinking approach encourages students to consider their own behaviors in light of the knowledge they are gaining. The pedagogical aids that appear in the chapters are described in the following pages. Focus on Critical Thinking xv Chapter-Opening Pedagogy Each chapter-opening spread shows students the orga- nization of the chapter using a chapter overview and a list of the special boxed features. It also lists activities in the companion Student Workbook (included at the back of this text). The organization of ideas is an integral part of learning comprehension. The chapters are struc- tured with a consistent format throughout the text. Each chapter begins and ends with a section that points out the key concepts and ties the information together. xvi Focus on Critical Thinking Healthy Living Practices Unique to this text, these short lists of bulleted state- ments throughout the chapters summarize key points and concisely state concrete yet simple actions students can take to improve their own health. Managing Your Health This feature contains short essays or lists of tips that focus on ways to live a healthier life. Chapter Summaries Research says that students learn how to identify the key ideas of stories in elementary school, but they often have difficulty identifying key ideas in textbooks in their later schooling. Chapter summaries help students with this task. The chapter summaries follow the organization of the chapter. How to Use This Book to Adopt Healthier Lifestyles Alters & Schiff Essential Concepts for Healthy Living, Eighth Edition, encourages students to adopt healthier lifestyles, and the boxed features throughout the text recommend practical ways to do so. Focus on Critical Thinking xvii Consumer Health These commentaries and tips provide practical infor- mation and suggestions to help students become more careful consumers of health-related goods and ser- vices. In addition to being highlighted in this feature, consumer topics are integrated throughout the book and are the subject of scrutiny in the Analyzing Health- Related Information activities. Diversity in Health This feature cultivates an interest in and an apprecia- tion for the health status and practices of various ethnic, cultural, and racial groups in the United States, as well as people around the world. Although the diversity essays focus specifically on multiculturalism, additional multicultural information is woven throughout the book. How to Use This Book to Enforce Critical Thinking The focus of education today is not simply to give students information but to teach them how to acquire and evaluate information. Unlike other personal health textbooks, the critical-thinking features in this text teach stu- dents higher order thinking skills and give them ways to practice these skills in every chapter. xviii Focus on Critical Thinking Analyzing Health-Related Information This innovative feature teaches students the critical- thinking skill of analysis. Students use this skill and the model provided to determine the reliability of health- related information in articles, advertisements, websites, and other sources. … 1. What does the term health mean to you? Which of the definitions of health provided in Chapter 1 best "fits" with your thoughts of health? 2. Determine your current position on Maslow's human needs of hierarchy. Explain, in detail, how you arrived at your conclusion. Address in your response psychological adjustment, growth, and autonomy. (Chapter 2) 3. You have two final exams scheduled for the same day. Describe how you could use a negative coping strategy to reduce your stress. Describe  how you could use a positive coping method to deal with the same situation. (Chapter 3) 4. Chapter 4 discusses how visual media can influence a person's attitude towards violence. Choose a violent movie or television show that you  watched recently. What impact did it have on your feelings about violence? 1. What does the term health mean to you? Which of the definitions of health provided in Chapter 1 best "fits" with your thoughts of health? 2. Determine your current position on Maslow's human needs of hierarchy. Explain, in detail, how you arrived at your conclusion. Address in your response psychological adjustment, growth, and autonomy. (Chapter 2) 3. You have two final exams scheduled for the same day. Describe how you could use a negative coping strategy to reduce your stress. Describe  how you could use a positive coping method to deal with the same situation. (Chapter 3) 4. Chapter 4 discusses how visual media can influence a person's attitude towards violence. Choose a violent movie or television show that you  watched recently. What impact did it have on your feelings about violence?