Fluent Essays

Rubic_Print_Format Course Code Class Code Assignment Title Total Points NRS-433V NRS-433V-OL191 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations 190.0 Criteria Percentage 1: Unsatisfactory (0.00%) 2: Less Than Satisfactory (75.00%) 3: Satisfactory (83.00%) 4: Good (94.00%) : Excellent (100.00%) Comments Points Earned Content 75.0% Quantitative Studies 5.0% Only one article is presented. Neither of the articles presented use quantitative research. Two articles are presented. Of the articles presented, only one article is based on quantitative research. N/A N/A Two articles are presented. Both articles are based on quantitative research. Background of Study 10.0% Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is incomplete. Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is included but lacks relevant details and explanation. Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation. Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation. Article Support of Nursing Practice 15.0% Discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is incomplete. A summary of how articles support the PICOT question is presented. It is unclear how the articles can be used to answer the proposed PICOT question. Significant information and detail is required. A general discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate general support in answering the proposed PICOT question. It is unclear how the interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in the PICOT question. Some rational or information is needed. A discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in the PICOT question. Minor detail or rational is needed for clarity or support. A clear discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate strong support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles strongly compare to those identified in the PICOT question. Method of Study 15.0% Discussion on the method of study for each article is omitted. The comparison of study methods is omitted or incomplete. A partial summary of the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is incomplete. A benefit and a limitation of each method are omitted or incomplete. There are significant inaccuracies. A general discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is summarized. A benefit and a limitation of each method are summarized. There some inaccuracies or partial omissions. More information is needed. A discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is generally described. A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented. There minor are inaccuracies. Some detail is required for accuracy or clarity. A thorough discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is described in detail. A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented. The discussion demonstrates a solid understanding of research methods. Results of Study 15.0% Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is incomplete. A summary of the study results includes findings and implications for nursing practice but lacks relevant details and explanation. There are some omissions or inaccuracies. Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is generally presented. Overall, the discussion includes some relevant details and explanation. Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation. Anticipated Outcomes and Outcomes Comparison 15.0% Anticipated outcomes for the PICOT are omitted or are unrealistic. Comparison of research article outcomes to anticipated outcomes is incomplete. Anticipated outcomes for the PICOT are partially summarized. Comparison of research article outcomes to anticipated outcomes contains omissions of key information. It is unclear how the anticipated outcomes of the PICOT and those of the current research mentioned compare. Anticipated outcomes for the PICOT are summarized. Comparison of research article outcomes to anticipated outcomes is generally presented. More information is needed to fully establish how the anticipated outcomes of the PICOT and those of the current research mentioned compare. Anticipated outcomes for the PICOT are discussed. A comparison of research article outcomes to anticipated outcomes of the PICOT is presented. An explanation of how the anticipated outcomes of the PICOT and those of the current research mentioned compare is presented. Some detail is needed for clarity. Anticipated outcomes for the PICOT are thoroughly discussed. A detailed comparison of research article outcomes to the anticipated outcomes of the PICOT is presented. An explanation of how the anticipated outcomes of the PICOT and those of the current research mentioned compare is presented in detail. Organization and Effectiveness 15.0% Thesis Development and Purpose 5.0% Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim. Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear. Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose. Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose. Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear. Argument Logic and Construction 5.0% Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources. Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility. Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis. Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative. Argument is clear and convincing and presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative. Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) 5.0% Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. Format 10.0% Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment) 5.0% Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly. Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent. Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present. Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style. All format elements are correct. Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style) 5.0% Sources are not documented. Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error. Total Weightage 100% 8 PICOT Question and Literature Search Student's Name Institution Course Instructor's Name Date PICOT Question and Literature Search Summary of the Clinical Issue Incidences of UTIs amongst catheterized patients are common healthcare issues that many healthcare organizations grapple with. The condition is caused by several factors, such as failure to take proper hygienic measures during catheterization (Meddings et al., 2019). It may also be used by factors such as failure to drain the urine bag frequently, or effectively, exposing the patient to microbial growth (Topal et al., 2019). Often, the problem is attributed to inadequate nursing care due to factors such as exhaustion due to heavy workloads or burnouts among the professionals (Murphy et al., 2021, Hernandez et al., 2019). According to Gad and AbdelAziz (2021), statistics show that UTIs are the second most prevalent secondary infection that patients contract in a clinical setting. The need to reduce the rampancy of the nursing problem in the clinical setting gives rise to the clinical question: In catheterized patients, can decreasing patient-nurse ratios compared to making no changes help reduce UTIs in a period of two months? The various components of the clinical question are as follows: the population (P) is catheterized patients, intervention (I) is decreasing patient-nurse ratios, the comparison factor (C) is making no changes, the outcome (O) is reducing UTIs, and the time (T) is two months. The study's findings will help compile significant evidence that can be applied in the clinical setting to minimize the clinical issue (Parker et al., 2017). It will reduce incidences of infection in the patient, hence decreasing the duration that the patients are hospitalized, lowering the cost of treatment, and foster positive outcomes in the treatment process. In conclusion, many catheterized patients contract UTIs because they lack adequate nursing care. The ailments cause deterioration of their health and increase the time they are hospitalized. Therefore, there is a need to investigate and unearth measures to reduce UTIs in the clinical setting and promote a positive response to the treatment process. Literature Search Article Relationship of Articles to the PICOT Question Research Design Purpose Statement Research Question Outcome Gad, M. H., & AbdelAziz, H. H. (2021). Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in the Adult Patient Group: A Qualitative Systematic Review on the Adopted Preventative and Interventional Protocols From the Literature. Cureus, 13(7). https://www.cureus.com/articles/60449-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-in-the-adult-patient The article explores the relationship between the number of nurses in a unit and the incidence of UTIs Qualititative research To determine the clinical units that are prone to nurse-sensitive indicators due to inadequate staffing levels What is the influence of understaffing on nursing-sensitive indicators like UTIs? Critical care units where nurses had to care for fewer patients had fewer UTI cases than general wards where nurses cared for more patients. Hernandez, M., King, A., & Stewart, L. (2019). Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) prevention and nurses' checklist documentation of their indwelling catheter management practices. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 35(1). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Monina-Hernandez/publication/340445613_Catheter-associated_urinary_tract_infection The article analyses how the staffing levels affect the effectiveness of nurses, which is in tandem with the PICOT question. Quantitative study To determine how nursing staffing levels determined their ability to complete nursing tasks effectively. How do the nurse-patient ratios affect the competency of nurses in performing their roles? Nurses who had a lesser number of patients to care for completed their tasks more effectively. Meddings, J., Manojlovich, M., Ameling, J. M., Olmsted, R. N., Rolle, A. J., Greene, M. T., ... & Saint, S. (2019). Quantitative results of a national intervention to prevent hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infection: a pre–post observational study. Annals of internal medicine, 171(7_Supplement), S38-S44. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-3534 The article is related to the PICOT question because it investigates the factors that cause the prevalence of UTIs. Qualitative study To scrutinize the correlation between factors inherent in the organization, such as staffing levels, on the prevalence of UTIs. Do the factors present in healthcare organizations affect the performance of the healthcare professional. The modalities in healthcare organizations, such as the staffing levels, reduce the quality of care patients receive. Murphy, A., Griffiths, P., Duffield, C., Brady, N. M., Scott, A. P., Ball, J., & Drennan, J. (2021). Estimating the economic cost of nurse sensitive adverse events amongst patients in medical and surgical settings. Journal of advanced nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14860 The article is related to the PICOT question because it investigates how inadequate staffing levels cause nurse-sensitive indicators like UTIs, Qualitative study To explore the impact of nursing-sensitive indications such as UTIs on the duration of patients' stay in hospital. Do nursing-sensitive indicators such as UTIs increase the duration that patients stay in hospitals? Patients who are not adequately cared for due to inadequate staffing levels stay in patients for extended periods. Parker, V., Giles, M., Graham, L., Suthers, B., Watts, W., O'Brien, T., & Searles, A. (2017). Avoiding inappropriate urinary catheter use and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI): a pre-post control intervention study. BMC health services research, 17(1), 1-9. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12913-017-2268-2 The article is related to the PICOT question because it investigates how reduced patient-nurse ratios reduce incidences of UTIs. Quanitative study To investigate how reducing the number of patients that nurses handle impacts the quality of care, they deliver to patients Can increasing staffing levels reduce incidences of UTIs in healthcare organizations? Adequate staffing levels reduce incidences of UTIs in a clinical setting. Topal, J., Conklin, S., Camp, K., Morris, V., Balcezak, T., & Herbert, P. (2019). Republished: Prevention of Nosocomial Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Through Computerized Feedback to Physicians and a Nurse-Directed Protocol. American Journal of Medical Quality, 34(5), 430-435. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1062860619873170 The article relates to the PICOT question by analyzing the outcome of increasing nurse staffing levels. Quantitative study To investigate the impact of increasing nursing staffing levels on patient outcomes. Does increasing the nurse staffing levels increase the quality of care that patients receive? Increasing nurse staffing levels increases the quality of care that patients receive. Article Setting Sample Method Key Findings of the Study Recommendations Gad, M. H., & AbdelAziz, H. H. (2021). Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in the Adult Patient Group: A Qualitative Systematic Review on the Adopted Preventative and Interventional Protocols From the Literature. Cureus, 13(7). https://www.cureus.com/articles/60449-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-in-the-adult-patient Hospital 15 units for caring which cared for patients with different medical needs Regression model of analysis Inadequate nursing staffing levels contributed to adverse outcomes such as incidence of UTIs Healthcare organizations should use adequate staffing levels to reduce nursing-sensitive indicators. Hernandez, M., King, A., & Stewart, L. (2019). Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) prevention and nurses' checklist documentation of their indwelling catheter management practices. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 35(1). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Monina-Hernandez/publication/340445613_Catheter-associated_urinary_tract_infection Surgical wards 50 nurses Mixed method study using questionnaires and focus groups Nurses who cared for many patients failed to perform some significant clinical tasks. Healthcare organizations should use adequate staffing levels to reduce medical errors like UTIs. Meddings, J., Manojlovich, M., Ameling, J. M., Olmsted, R. N., Rolle, A. J., Greene, M. T., ... & Saint, S. (2019). Quantitative results of a national intervention to prevent hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infection: a pre–post observational study. Annals of internal medicine, 171(7_Supplement), S38-S44. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-3534 Different departments in healthcare organizations. 387 hospitals Pre-post observation study The factors inherent in an organization, such as the staffing levels, impact the outcome of care. It is necessary to ensure that there are adequate staffing ratios in healthcare organizations. Murphy, A., Griffiths, P., Duffield, C., Brady, N. M., Scott, A. P., Ball, J., & Drennan, J. (2021). Estimating the economic cost of nurse sensitive adverse events amongst patients in medical and surgical settings. Journal of advanced nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14860 A total of six acute wards in three hospitals. 5544 patients Cohort study Inadequate staffing levels result in nursing-sensitive indicators that prolong patients' stay in healthcare facilities. Nursing staffing levels should be evaluated to reduce incidences of nursing-sensitive indicators. Parker, V., Giles, M., Graham, L., Suthers, B., Watts, W., O'Brien, T., & Searles, A. (2017). Avoiding inappropriate urinary catheter use and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI): a pre-post control intervention study. BMC health services research, 17(1), 1-9. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12913-017-2268-2 Acute care hospitals 502 participants Mixed method UTIs are linked directly to inadequate care that results from low staffing levels. Increasing nursing staffing levels should be adopted an evidence-based practice that reduces nursing-sensitive indicators. Topal, J., Conklin, S., Camp, K., Morris, V., Balcezak, T., & Herbert, P. (2019). Republished: Prevention of Nosocomial Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Through Computerized Feedback to Physicians and a Nurse-Directed Protocol. American Journal of Medical Quality, 34(5), 430-435. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1062860619873170 Acute wards in hospitals. 76participants Mixed method The staffing levels of healthcare organizations determine the quality of care that patients receive. There is a need to ensure that the staffing levels in a healthcare organization are adequate. References Gad, M. H., & AbdelAziz, H. H. (2021). Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in the Adult Patient Group: A Qualitative Systematic Review on the Adopted Preventative and Interventional Protocols From the Literature. Cureus, 13(7). https://www.cureus.com/articles/60449-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-in-the-adult-patient Hernandez, M., King, A., & Stewart, L. (2019). Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) prevention and nurses' checklist documentation of their indwelling catheter management practices. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 35(1). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Monina-Hernandez/publication/340445613_Catheter-associated_urinary_tract_infection Meddings, J., Manojlovich, M., Ameling, J. M., Olmsted, R. N., Rolle, A. J., Greene, M. T., ... & Saint, S. (2019). Quantitative results of a national intervention to prevent hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infection: a pre–post observational study. Annals of internal medicine, 171(7_Supplement), S38-S44. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-3534 Murphy, A., Griffiths, P., Duffield, C., Brady, N. M., Scott, A. P., Ball, J., & Drennan, J. (2021). Estimating the economic cost of nurse sensitive adverse events amongst patients in medical and surgical settings. Journal of advanced nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14860 Parker, V., Giles, M., Graham, L., Suthers, B., Watts, W., O'Brien, T., & Searles, A. (2017). Avoiding inappropriate urinary catheter use and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI): a pre-post control intervention study. BMC health services research, 17(1), 1-9. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12913-017-2268-2 Topal, J., Conklin, S., Camp, K., Morris, V., Balcezak, T., & Herbert, P. (2019). Republished: Prevention of Nosocomial Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Through Computerized Feedback to Physicians and a Nurse-Directed Protocol. American Journal of Medical Quality, 34(5), 430-435. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1062860619873170 1 Qualitative Studies Student's Name Institution Course Instructor's Name Date Qualitative Studies Gad and AbdelAziz (2021) and Murphy et al. (2021) carried out qualitative research that scrutinized the prevalence of UTIs in catheterized patients and the strategies that can be used to prevent them. The findings of the studies contain important content that answers the PICOT question: In catheterized patients, can decreasing patient-nurse ratios compared to making no changes help reduce UTIs in a period of two months? Evidently, reducing the number of patients that nurses have to handle is an evidence-based intervention that should be encapsulated in the nursing practice to lower adverse outcomes such as catheterized patients contracting UTI. The strategy also minimizes the treatment costs that patients incur. Background of Study The article Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in the Adult Patient Group: A Qualitative Systematic Review on the Adopted Preventative and Interventional Protocols From the Literature was written by Gad and AbdelAziz (2021). It is a write-up that explores the prevalence of UTIs among catheterized patients and its impact on their health and wellbeing. The authors identify lapses in nursing care as a significant cause of the condition among hospitalized patients who are immobilized because they are critically ill or have undergone a major surgical procedure. The study is vital to the nursing profession because it studies an issue encountered in the nursing practice from time to time that requires an evidence-based intervention. The authors undertook an investigation that showed that inadequate staffing is a significant cause of the inadequacies that cause UTI among catheterized patients. The purpose of the investigative study is to show that insufficient nursing staffing levels increase the chances of nurses failing to take adequate precautions while handling catheterized patients that may result in their developing UTIs. Its objective is to increase staffing levels as an intervention to reduce UTIs among this patient population (Gad & AbdelAziz, 2021). The article answers a significant research question: What is the influence of understaffing on nursing-sensitive indicators like UTIs? The article Estimating the economic cost of nurse sensitive adverse events amongst patients in medical and surgical settings is documented by Murphy et al. (2021). It carries out an investigative study exploring how inadequate staffing levels compromise the quality of care that patients receive by increasing the prevalence of nursing-sensitive indicators among hospitalized patients, especially UTIs among the catheterized patients. The article is significant to the nursing career because it analyzes a problem that is often experienced in the nursing practice that negatively impacts the outcomes of the treatment process. The purpose of the study was to investigate how inadequate nurse staffing levels increased nursing-sensitive indicators such as UTIs among patients and their impacts on the cost of treatment. The study's objective was to unveil reducing the number of patients that nurses handled as an evidence-based solution that can aid in reducing cases of UTIs among catheterized patients hence decreasing the cost of treatment (Murphy et al., 2021). It answered a critical research question: Do nursing-sensitive indicators such as UTIs increase the duration that patients stay in hospitals? Articles' Support of Nursing Practice Issue Gad and AbdelAziz (2021) support the nursing practice issue by providing comprehensive content that answers the PICOT question formulated to deduce the intervention that can aid in resolving the nursing practice problem. The authors present background research that highlights statistical evidence that indicates that UTIs are an issue that is rampant in the clinical setting. They undertake a study that explores the interventions that can be used to decrease the problem and unearths the fact that increasing staffing levels, an intervention that reduces the number of patients that each nurse handles, effectively controls the prevalence of UTIs in the clinical setting. Similarly, Murphy et al. (2021) also present information that answers the PICOT question created to investigate how the efficacy of reducing patient-nurse ratios as n intervention that can aid in reducing UTIs in the clinical setting. The authors carry out investigative research that shows that reducing the number of patients that nurses handle minimizes the prevalence of UTIs in the catheterized patients. The evidence that proves the effectiveness of intervention in resolving the nursing practice problems presented in the article includes a reduction in the duration that patients stay in the hospital due to a decrease in incidences of UTIs, which causes a reduction in the cost of treatment. Methods of Study Gad and AbdelAziz (2021) undertook a qualitative study that involved taking a meta-analysis of data extracted content from over fifty-eight studies. The authors then used a jadad scale to analyze the content and assign points based on preformed questions. On the other hand, Murphy et al. (2021) carried out a retrospective review of a total of approximately 890 patients who had experienced UTIs during their treatment process. The study's findings were used to deduce the impact of reducing the number of patients that nurses have to handle and computing the cost of failing to do so. Results of the Study The study undertaken by Gad and AbdelAziz (2021) showed that increasing the nurse staffing levels in a clinical setting reduced catheter-induced UTIs. Increasing the number of nurses in the clinical setting enhanced the quality of care patients received, hence minimizing their chances of contracting UTIs. On the other hand, the investigative research conducted by Murphy et al. (2021) showed that reducing the number of patients that nurses attended reduced the prevalence of nursing-sensitive indicators such as patients contracting UTIs. Notably, the reduction in UTIs also decreased the cost of receiving treatment. Ethical Considerations Gad and AbdelAziz (2021) followed the stipulated tenets for conducting ethical research by upholding the confidentiality of the patients whose content was used in the research process. On the other hand, Murphy et al. (2021) followed the due process required to conduct ethical research by contacting and seeking consent from the ethics committees in healthcare facilities before undertaking the studies. Conclusion Analysis of the articles that explore the efficacy of reducing patient to nurse in decreasing the prevalence of UTIs in healthcare facilities shows that it is an effective intervention that enhances patients' quality of care. It is a valuable evidence-based practice that can aid in eliciting positive outcomes in the treatment process and reducing treatment costs. References Gad, M. H., & AbdelAziz, H. H. (2021). Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in the Adult Patient Group: A Qualitative Systematic Review on the Adopted Preventative and Interventional Protocols From the Literature. Cureus, 13(7). https://www.cureus.com/articles/60449-catheter-associated-urinary-tract-infections-in-the-adult-patient Murphy, A., Griffiths, P., Duffield, C., Brady, N. M., Scott, A. P., Ball, J., & Drennan, J. (2021). Estimating the economic cost of nurse sensitive adverse events amongst patients in medical and surgical settings. Journal of advanced nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14860