Fluent Essays

1 Bennett Body Company Ralph Kern, controller of Bennett Body Company, received a memorandum from Paul Bennett, the company’s president, suggesting that Kern review an attached magazine article and comment on it at the next executive committee meeting. The article described the Conley Corporation’s cost accounting system. Bennett Body was custom manufacturer of truck bodies. Occasionally, a customer would reorder an exact duplicate of an earlier body, but most of the time some modifications caused changes in design and hence in cost. The Conley System Kern learned from the article that Conley also manufactured truck bodies but that these were of standard design. Conley had 12 models that it produced in quantities based on management’s estimates of demand. In December of each year, a plan, or budget, for the following year’s operations was agreed on, which included estimated of costs and profits as well as of sales volume. Included in this budget were department-by-department estimated costs for each of the 12 models of truck bodies. These costs were determined by totaling estimated labor at an expected wage rate, estimated materials at and expected cost per unit, and an allocation for overhead that was based on the proportion of estimated total overhead costs to estimated total direct labor dollars. The sum of the labor, materials, and overhead estimates for each model became the standard cost of the model No attempt was made in Conley’s accounts to record the actual costs of each model. Costs were accumulated for each of the four direct production departments and for several service departments. Labor costs were easily obtainable from payroll records, since all employees assigned to a production departments were classified as direct labor for that department. Material sent to the department was charged to it on the basis of signed requisition slips. Overhead costs were charged to the department on the basis of the same percentage of direct labor as that used in determining the standard cost. 2 Since Conley’s management also knew how many truck bodies of each model were worked on by each department monthly, the total standard costs for each department could easily be calculated by multiplying the quantity of that model produced by its standard cost. As the year progressed, management watched closely the difference between the departmental actual cost and standard cost. As each truck body was completed, its cost was added to finished goods inventory at the standard cost figure. When the truck body was sold, the standard cost became the cost of sales figure. This system of cost recording avoided the necessity of accumulating detailed actual costs on each specific body that was built; yet the company could estimate, reasonably well, the costs of its products. Moreover, management believed that the differences between actual and standard cost provided a revealing insight into cost fluctuations that eventually should lead to better cost control. An illustrative tabulation of the costs for Department 4 is shown in Exhibit 1. No incomplete work remained in this department either at the beginning or at the end of the month. EXHIBIT 1 Summary of Costs, Department 4, November Material Labor Overhead Number Of Bodies Per Unit Total Per Unit Total Per Unit Total Model 101 109 113 154 Total standard Actual costs Variances 10 8 11 20 49 $ 1,415 1,890 2,885 895 $ 14,150 15,120 31,735 17,900 $ 78,905 83,738 $ -4,833 $ 2,079 1,656 1,984 1,832 $ 20,790 13,248 21,824 36,640 $ 92,502 94,026 $ -1,524 $ 2,079 1,656 1,984 1,832 $ 20,790 13,248 21,824 36,640 $ 92,502 94,026 $ -1,524 3 The Bennett System Because almost every truck body that Bennett built was in some respect unique, costs were accumulated by individual jobs. When a job was started, it received a code number, and costs for the job were collected weekly under that code number. When materials used for a particular job were issued to the workers, a record of the quantities issued was obtained on a requisition form. The quantity of a given material—so many units, board feet, linear feet, pounds, and so on –was multiplied by its purchase cost per unit to arrive at the actual cost of material used. Maintenance of cumulative records of these withdrawals by code number made the total material cost of each job easy to determine. Likewise, all labor costs of making a particular truck body were recorded. If a worker moved from job to job, a record was made of the worker’s time spent on each job, and the worker’s weekly wages were divided among these jobs in proportion to the amount of time spent on each. Throughout the shop, the time of any person working on anything directly related to an order—Job No.437 for example—was ultimately converted to a dollar cost and charged to the job. Finally, Bennett’s overhead costs that could not be directly associated with a particular job were allocated among all jobs on the proportional basis of direct labor-hours involved. Thus, if in some month 135 direct labor-hours were spent on Job No.437, and this was 5 percent of the 2,700 direct labor-hours spent on all jobs at Bennett that month, then Job No.437 received 5 percent of all the overhead cost-supplies, salaries, depreciation, and so forth—for that month. Under this system, Bennett’s management knew at the end of each month what each body job in process cost to date. They could also determine total factory cost and therefore gross profit at the completion of each job. 4 The note that Mr. Bennett attached to the magazine article read: Questions: 1. As Mr. Kern, what would you be prepared to say in response to Mr. Bennett’s memorandum? 2. How, if at all, should Bennett modify its present system? Ralph: Please review the system of cost accounting described in this article with the view of possible applications to our company. Aside from the overall comparison, I am interested particularly in your opinion on: 1. Costs of paperwork and recordkeeping, as compared with our system. 2. Possible reasons for cost differences between the actual and standard costs under Conley’s system. 3. How you think Conley develops the Standard cost of factory overhead for a particular model for the purpose of preparing the budget. 4. Whether you think that we should change our period for determining the overhead allocation rate from monthly to annually. If so, why? 5. Which system is better from the standpoint of controlling costs? These are just a few questions which might be helpful in your overall analysis. I would like to discuss this question at the next executive committee meeting. Thank you Paul Bennett