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1250 words, APA format, will be submitted to lopeswrite, follows a rubric and a case study Running head: BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 1 BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 6 Biomedical Ethics in the Christian Narrative Case Study: Healing and Autonomy Sharanjit Kaur Mann Grand Canyon University <PHI-413V> <July 26,2020> Biomedical Ethics in the Christian Narrative Case Study: Healing and Autonomy PART 1: Chart Medical Indications (Beneficence and non-maleficence) Medical indications play a critical role in the diagnosis of a medical condition. The medical indications provide data that may be used to diagnose and treat medications. Beneficence determines that actors must act with good intentions and should avoid harming the patient (Beever & Brightman, 2016). Thus, when collecting health information from the patient, such information must be sought with the best intentions in mind and not to harm the patient. Patient preferences (Autonomy) All patients, or their legally recognized representatives, have a right to make a decision regarding their health preferences and actions. The bottom line is that a patient has the final say on whether or not they want any medical healthcare. Before taking James through any medical procedure, it is necessary to seek his consent, and he should not be forced with any procedure. Quality of life (Beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy) The quality of life is concerned with the various attributes of life before and after treatment. James had a poor quality of life, but it improved significantly after he had undergone dialysis. Be that as it may, it is evident that he needed to go through dialysis to recover completely. His parents, however, ought to consult him to seek concurrence before making any move (Gillon, 2018). The last time the parents of James relied on their religious beliefs to approach his health, his health deteriorated. This time around, the interests of the patient must be given priority. Contextual features (Justice and fairness) The context or the environment in which an individual life plays an important role in influencing their health. This is with regard to the social, legal, cultural, and even economic setting. For instance, it is notable that the religious beliefs of the parents of James influenced their health choice. Justice and fairness are essential in the determination of equality in access to medical care. PART 2: Evaluation According to the Christian worldview, how would each of the principles be specified and weighed in this case? Explain why. Beneficence is an incredibly important principle in Christianity. It is essential to note that one of the principles of Christianity is being each other’s keeper and doing to others what you would want to be done to you. When parents are acting for James, there is a need to make sure that they are acting in the best interests of their son. At the time when the parents decided to seek prayers, it is notable that they believed that the actions that they took were likely to help to address his needs. Beneficence deals with the intentions of a course of action rather than the outcome. There are many instances when people have acted out of good faith, but their actions end up having adverse effects. There are many reasons why beneficence is the most important principle in the Christian worldview. One of the reasons is that it helps to enhance the welfare of individuals and society. When all individuals avoid selfishness and act in ways that promote the interests of other members of society, it is highly likely that the world will be a better place. One of the most prominent causes of chaos and disorder in society is the habit of some people always seeking to harm other people. Beneficence discourages these selfish actions and approaches to life. According to the Christian worldview, how might a Christian balance each of the four principles in this case? Explain why. Evidently, all the principles of Beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and Justice and fairness are important to Christians. While noting that these principles are all important to Christians, it is necessary to note that there is a chance of these principles clashing in some instances. That makes it necessary to have strategies through which it may be possible to balance the principles. One of the ways through which it may be possible to balance these principles in the Christian viewpoint is to first create a list of priorities of the different principles so that in the event where there is a clash among the principles, the order of priorities will take precedence. For instance, in the four principles, the principle of beneficence should be the first in the list of priorities followed by non-maleficence, then justice and fairness, and finally autonomy (Carr & Winslow, 2017). The reason for creating this list of priorities is because, on many occasions, individuals will find themselves facing a situation where two or more principles are clashing, and they will be called upon to make decisions. The existence of these priorities will make work very easy for individuals. Finally, the environment and circumstances in which an individual makes decisions should play an important role in balancing the different principles. Thus, when making a choice on the best and most suitable principle to use, it is necessary to consider the circumstances and the environment involved. References Beever, J., & Brightman, A. O. (2016). Reflexive principlism as an effective approach for developing ethical reasoning in engineering. Science and engineering ethics, 22(1), 275-291. Gillon, R. (2018). Principlism, virtuism, and the spirit of oneness. In Healthcare Ethics, Law, and Professionalism (pp. 45-59). Routledge. Carr, M. F., & Winslow, G. R. (2017). From conceptual to concrete. In World Religions for Healthcare Professionals (pp. 31-45). Routledge. Rubic_Print_Format Course Code Class Code Assignment Title Total Points PHI-413V PHI-413V-IO761 Benchmark - Patient's Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis 200.0 Criteria Percentage Unsatisfactory (0.00%) Less Than Satisfactory (65.00%) Satisfactory (75.00%) Good (85.00%) Excellent (100.00%) Comments Points Earned Content 90.0% Decision-Making and Principle of Autonomy 30.0% Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are not analyzed according to the principle of autonomy. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed from both perspectives, but the analysis according to the principle of autonomy is unclear. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed from both perspectives, but the analysis according to the principle of autonomy lack details. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed from both perspectives with details according to the principle of autonomy. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed from both perspectives with a deep understanding of the complexity of the principle of autonomy. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decision-Making, Christian Perspective, and the Principles of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence 30.0% Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are not analyzed according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, but the analysis is unclear. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence but lacks details. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are clearly analyzed with details according to the Christian perspective and the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Decisions that need to be made by the physician and the father are analyzed with deep understanding of the complexity of the Christian perspective, as well as with the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Spiritual Needs Assessment and Intervention (C1.2, 5.2) 30.0% How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is not analyzed. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is analyzed, but unclear. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is clearly analyzed but lacks details. Analysis is not supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is clearly analyzed with details. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. How a spiritual needs assessment would help the physician assist the father determine appropriate interventions for his son, his family, or others involved in the care of his son is clearly analyzed with a deep understanding of the connection between a spiritual needs assessment and providing appropriate interventions. Analysis is supported by the case study, topic study materials, or Topic 3 assignment responses. Organization, Effectiveness, and Format 10.0% Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) 5.0% Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style) 5.0% Sources are not documented. Documentation of sources is inconsistent and/or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error. Total Weightage 100% Applying the Four Principles: Case Study Part 1: Chart (60 points) Based on the “Healing and Autonomy” case study, fill out all the relevant boxes below. Provide the information by means of bullet points or a well-structured paragraph in the box. Gather as much data as possible. Medical Indications Beneficence and Nonmaleficence Patient Preferences Autonomy Quality of Life Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy Contextual Features Justice and Fairness ©2020. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Part 2: Evaluation Answer each of the following questions about how the four principles and four boxes approach would be applied: 1. In 200-250 words answer the following: According to the Christian worldview, how would each of the principles be specified and weighted in this case? Explain why. (45 points) 2. In 200-250 words answer the following: According to the Christian worldview, how might a Christian balance each of the four principles in this case? Explain why. (45 points) References: