mini Review article (500 words) - Science
Write the mini Review article on Effects of admixture and gene flow migration and the lack of population structure on the allele frequencies and genotypic distribution in the Arab Gulf countries keywords should include (Allele frequencies, Admixture, Population Genetics; Gene flow; Gulf countries; Saudi Arabia)
- Words are not less than 500 words.
- Accepted plagiarism (<15\%).
- References section should be added in Alphabets by use endnote or Mendeley h
keywords should include (Allele frequencies, Admixture, Population Genetics; Gene flow; Gulf countries; Saudi Arabia)
- Words are not less than 500 words.
- Accepted plagiarism (<15\%).
- References section should be added in Alphabets by use endnote or Mendeley
i upload some articles maybe help
you can use any articles related to my subjectgcsp-2014-054.pdf
O P E N A C C E S S Review article
Arab gene geography: From
population diversities to
personalized medical genomics
Ghazi O. Tadmouri
1
, Konduru S. Sastry
2
, Lotfi Chouchane
2,
*
ABSTRACT
Genetic disorders are not equally distributed over the geography of the Arab region. While a number of
disorders have a wide geographical presence encompassing 10 or more Arab countries, almost half of
these disorders occur in a single Arab country or population. Nearly, one-third of the genetic disorders
in Arabs result from congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities, which are also
responsible for a significant proportion of neonatal and perinatal deaths in Arab populations.
Strikingly, about two-thirds of these diseases in Arab patients follow an autosomal recessive mode of
inheritance. High fertility rates together with increased consanguineous marriages, generally noticed in
Arab populations, tend to increase the rates of genetic and congenital abnormalities. Many of the
nearly 500 genes studied in Arab people revealed striking spectra of heterogeneity with many novel
and rare mutations causing large arrays of clinical outcomes. In this review we provided an overview of
Arab gene geography, and various genetic abnormalities in Arab populations, including disorders of
blood, metabolic, circulatory and neoplasm, and also discussed their associated molecules or genes
responsible for the cause of these disorders. Although studying Arab-specific genetic disorders
resulted in a high value knowledge base, approximately 35\% of genetic diseases in Arabs do not have
a defined molecular etiology. This is a clear indication that comprehensive research is required in this
area to understand the molecular pathologies causing diseases in Arab populations.
Keywords: Arab populations, neolithic, population genetics, gene geography, genetic disorders, neoplasms
Cite this article as: Tadmouri GO, Sastry KS, Chouchane L. Arab gene geography: From population
diversities to personalized medical genomics, Global Cardiology Science and Practice 2014:54
http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/gcsp.2014.54
http://dx.doi.org/
10.5339/gcsp.2014.54
Submitted: 1 September 2014
Accepted: 11 December 2014
ª 2014 Tadmouri, Sastry &
Chouchane, licensee Bloomsbury
Qatar Foundation Journals. This is
an open access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution license CC BY
4.0, which permits unrestricted use,
distribution and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work
is properly cited.
1
Faculty of Public Health, Jinan University,
Tripoli, Lebanon
2
Laboratory of Genetic Medicine and
Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical
College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation,
Doha, Qatar
*Email: [email protected]
A DEFINITION OF ‘ARAB POPULATIONS’
The term “Arabs” indicates a panethnicity of peoples of various ancestral origins, religious
backgrounds, and historic identities. It is possible to define the geographical areCity and cosmology: genetics, health, and urban living in
Dubai
Aaron Parkhurst
Department of Anthropology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
ARTICLE HISTORY
Received 28 September 2017
Accepted 9 October 2017
ABSTRACT
In light of increasingly high rates of diabetes, heart disease, and
obesity among citizens of the Arabian Gulf, popular health
discourse in the region has emphasised the emergent Arab genome
as the primary etiological basis of major health conditions.
However, after many years of public dissemination of genomic
knowledge in the region, and widespread acceptance of this
knowledge among Gulf Arab citizens, the rates of chronic illness
continue to increase. This paper briefly explores the clash between
indigenous Islamic knowledge systems and biomedical knowledge
systems imported into the United Arab Emirates. It presents
vignettes collected from interviews and participant observation in
Dubai as part of nearly four years of ethnographic research,
completed as part of the author’s doctoral work on ‘Anxiety and
Identity in Southeast Arabia’. Rather than radically informing health
seeking behaviours among many UAE citizens, the emphasis on the
‘Arab Genome’ has instead reconfirmed the authority of Bedouin
cosmological understandings of disease, reshaping the language
that people use to engage with their bodies and their health. Local
cosmology remains a powerful discursive element that often
operates in contention, in sometimes powerfully subtle ways, with
novel health initiative regimes. For many people in the region,
genomic information, as it is often discussed and propagated in the
UAE, shares an intimate relationship with ideas of fate and national
identity, and sometimes serves to mitigate the increasingly
uncertain terms of engagement that people share between the
body, their health, and rapidly changing urban landscapes.
KEYWORDS
Genetics; medical
anthropology; chronic illness;
fate; urban anthropology
Introduction
The underlying premise of this article extends from a simple, but profound anthropologi-
cal critique in the practice of biomedicine in different societies. That is, when policy plan-
ners and health professionals try to think through ideas of behaviour change that
accompany much of the discourse on obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and global health in
general, they need to take into account people’s perceptions or ideas of their ability to cre-
ate bodily change for themselves in general. Medical anthropology has long emphasised
the role of cultural landscapes and idiosyncrasies in producing powerful regimes of both
CONTACT Aaron Parkhurst [email protected]
© 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
ANTHROPOLOGY & MEDICINE, 2018
VOL. 25, NO. 1, 68–84
https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2017.1398815
http://crossmarksupport.crossref.org/?doi=10.1080/13648470.2017.1398815&domain=pdf
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-0929
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-0929
mailto:[em1Department of Animal Biology-Anthropology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
2Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
3Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, and Department of Biology,
Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia.
4Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
*Correspondence to: Pedro Moral, Biodiversity Research Institute, Department of Animal Biology-Anthropology, University of
Barcelona, Avenida Diagonal no. 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: [email protected]
KEY WORDS: alu insertion polymorphisms, jordan, bedouins, population genetics.
Human Biology, Spring 2014, v. 86, no. 2, pp. 131–138. Copyright © 2014 Wayne State University Press, Detroit, Michigan 48201
Human Diversity in Jordan: Polymorphic Alu Insertions
in General Jordanian and Bedouin Groups
Daniela Zanetti,1 May Sadiq,2 Robert Carreras-Torres,1 Omar Khabour,3
Almuthanna Alkaraki,2 Esther Esteban,1 Marc Via,4 and Pedro Moral 1*
abstract
Jordan, located in the Levant region, is an area crucial for the investigation of human migration between
Africa and Eurasia. However, the genetic history of Jordanians has yet to be clarified, including the
origin of the Bedouins today resident in Jordan. Here, we provide new genetic data on autosomal
independent markers in two Jordanian population samples (Bedouins and the general population) to
begin to examine the genetic diversity inside this country and to provide new information about the
genetic position of these populations in the context of the Mediterranean and Middle East area. The
markers analyzed were 18 Alu polymorphic insertions characterized by their identity by descent, known
ancestral state (lack of insertion), and apparent selective neutrality. The results indicate significant
genetic diffferences between Bedouins and general Jordanians (p = 0.038). Whereas Bedouins show a
close genetic proximity to North Africans, general Jordanians appear genetically more similar to other
Middle East populations. In general, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that Bedouins had an
important role in the peopling of Jordan and constitute the original substrate of the current population.
However, migration into Jordan in recent years likely has contributed to the diversity among current
Jordanian population groups.
The State of Jordan emerged in 1946 as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan when Britain and France divided the Middle East
after World War II. Since 1948 it has offficially been
known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Jor-
dan is a predominantly Arab nation, whose capital
and largest city is Amman. It is located on the East
Bank of the Jordan River and the Dead Sea and
borders Palestine and Israel states to the west, Syria
to the north, Saudi Arabia to the south and east, and
Iraq to the northeast.
Because of its Gene 592 (2016) 239–243
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Gene
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/gene
Review
The Arab genome: Health and wealth
Hatem Zayed
College of Health and Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Department, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
E-mail address: [email protected]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2016.07.007
0378-1119/© 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.
a b s t r a c t
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 21 June 2016
Accepted 3 July 2016
Available online 5 July 2016
The 22 Arab nations have a unique genetic structure, which reflects both conserved and diverse gene pools due to
the prevalent endogamous and consanguineous marriage culture and the long history of admixture among dif-
ferent ethnic subcultures descended from the Asian, European, and African continents. Human genome sequenc-
ing has enabled large-scale genomic studies of different populations and has become a powerful tool for studying
disease predictions and diagnosis. Despite the importance of the Arab genome for better understanding the dy-
namics of the human genome, discovering rare genetic variations, and studying early human migration out of
Africa, it is poorly represented in human genome databases, such as HapMap and the 1000 Genomes Project.
In this review, I demonstrate the significance of sequencing the Arab genome and setting an Arab genome
reference(s) for better understanding the molecular pathogenesis of genetic diseases, discovering novel/rare var-
iants, and identifying a meaningful genotype-phenotype correlation for complex diseases.
© 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Keywords:
Arab countries
Human genome sequencing
Whole exome sequencing
Consanguinity
Endogamous marriage
Novel genes
Novel variants
Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
2. The Arab world. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
2.1. Inbred Arab communities and rare variants discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
3. The Arab genome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
3.1. Discovery of novel disease-causing genes and the Arab genome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
3.2. Arab efforts in genome sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
3.3. The Arab genome and the “Out of Africa” theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
3.4. Benefits of sequencing the Arab genome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
4. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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