Fluent Essays

One of the more important questions you will need to ask and answer for yourself as you develop your research study is: “Which qualitative research approach best fits my research question?” You may be able to reframe your research question to fit more than one qualitative approach; generally, though, one of the available approaches is likely to fit better than the others once you have a well-defined question. The only way to make this determination is to develop a familiarity with different approaches. In this Discussion, you will conduct a literature review of your topic area, focusing your choice on a research study that uses one of the qualitative approaches covered this week. Looking for a particular kind of qualitative article on your topic may be more difficult than finding a needle in a haystack. Do not hesitate to broaden your search to incorporate related phenomena or different target groups in order to find a study. Go to the Walden Library for tips and strategies for efficient searching. Make sure you get the complete citation of the article, as well as the .pdf, because your Instructor will want to review the article. Be aware that your posting will first require an extensive article analysis. What you post is a summary of your work, not the entire analysis. This is good practice for summarizing and evaluating research for your capstone. To prepare for this Discussion: Review the reading materials about the different approaches in this week’s Learning Resources. Conduct your own literature search to find a published study that represents one of the approaches. Review the following resources before proceeding with your own article review: ASSIGNMENT  my research question is ( What are the factors related to African American males being targets of police brutality at disproportionate rates? )  Contribute a 3-paragraph Discussion post in which you respond to the following: Summarize the characteristics of the approach of the research article you chose during your literature search. Summarize the research article, including the citation and sufficient information for your classmates and Instructor to locate the article. Present a short critique of that article based on the “R8360 Guidelines for Reading and Evaluating Qualitative Research Articles” document.   Required Readings Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Chapter 3, “Variety of Qualitative Inquiry Frameworks: Paradigmatic, Philosophical, and Theoretical Orientations” (pp. 85–168) Chapter 4, “Practical and Actionable Qualitative Applications” (pp. 169–242) Basic Qualitative Research Bowers, B. J., Fibich, B., & Jacobson, N. (2001). Care-as-service, care-as-relating, care-as-comfort: Understanding nursing home residents’ definitions of quality. The Gerontologist, 41(4), 539–545. Retrieved from http://gerontologist.oxfordjournals.org/ Care-as-Service, Care-as-Relating, Care-as-Comfort Understanding Nursing Home Residents Definitions of Quality by Bowers, B.; Fibich, B.; Jacobson, N., in The Gerontologist, Vol. 41/Issue 4. Copyright 2001 by Oxford University Press - Journals, The Gerontological Society of America. Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press - Journals, The Gerontological Society of America via the Copyright Clearance Center. Qualitative Case Study Donnelly, C., Brenchley, C., Crawford, C., & Letts, L. (2013). The integration of occupational therapy into primary care: a multiple case study design.BMC family practice, 14(1), 1. Grounded Theory Barello, S., Graffigna, G., Vegni, E., Savarese, M., Lombardi, F., & Bosio, A. C. (2015). ‘Engage me in taking care of my heart’: a grounded theory study on patient–cardiologist relationship in the hospital management of heart failure. BMJ open, 5(3), e005582. Heuristic Inquiry Howard, A., & Hirani, K. (2013). Transformational change and stages of development in the workplace: A heuristic inquiry. Journal of Integral Theory and Practice, 8(1/2), 71–86.1 R8360 Guidelines for Reading and Evaluating Qualitative Research Articles 1. Find the research question. It’s typically located at the end of the literature review, right before the Methods section. NOTE – it may not be written as a question, but the intended question is often found within the declared purpose or objective, if the author has not explicitly stated it in question form. a. Describe the phenomenon of interest. Evaluate how consistent it is with what is typically explored in a qualitative study. b. Consider the target group(s)/individual(s)/organizations identified in the question. How clearly does the author convey the group of interest in a way that is consistent with qualitative research? c. Review how the question is phrased. Is appropriate qualitative terminology used? How well does this question indicate to the reader as to what type of approach is being used? 2. Check the article title. a. How consistent is the terminology and intent of the title with the research question? 3. Identify the research problem that emerges from the literature review/ background. a. How does the author(s) justify a social problem? b. How thorough is the discussion of research that has been done, and note if the phenomenon or choice of group is not clearly and sufficiently justified (e.g., just one or two studies; articles from obscure journals, non-academic sources; or literature that is more than five years older than the study’s published date). c. How appropriate is the research problem to a qualitative inquiry? 4. Identify the research purpose. a. To what extent is the purpose aligned with the research problem (terminology, group of interest, phenomenon of interest)? 5. Identify the approach. a. Where in the article is the qualitative approach identified? b. How well is the approach explained and justified? 6. Consider the description of the sample. a. How well was the inclusion/exclusion criteria described? How was the number of cases justified (Mason, 2010)? b. Was a particular sampling strategy identified? Was it correctly implemented? If not, how well were the discrepancies described? c. How well does the sampling strategy fit the approach? d. Did the authors include a description of their efforts to achieve data saturation (see Guest, Bunce, & Johnson, 2006; Mason, 2010)? Theoretical saturation, if appropriate? What was their strategy and how well was it achieved? To what extent does their effort threaten or support the credibility of the study? 7. Consider the recruitment, invitation, and informed consent process. a. Were these elements explained well enough that you could judge this a credible and rigorous process (Guest, 2004)? b. To what extent was the informed consent process sufficiently detailed? And, was this sufficient to protect participants from harm and insure confidentiality? 8. BioMed CentralBMC Geriatrics ss Open AcceResearch article Pneumonia care and the nursing home: a qualitative descriptive study of resident and family member perspectives Soo Chan Carusone1, Mark Loeb1,2 and Lynne Lohfeld*1,3 Address: 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, 2Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Canada and 3Program for Educational Research and Development, McMaster University, Canada Email: Soo Chan Carusone - [email protected]; Mark Loeb - [email protected]; Lynne Lohfeld* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Abstract Background: Nursing home residents are frequently sent to hospital for diagnostic tests or to receive acute health care services. These transfers are both costly and for some, associated with increased risks. Although improved technology allows long-term care facilities to deliver more complex health care on site, if this is to become a trend then residents and family members must see the value of such care. This qualitative study examined resident and family member perspectives on in situ care for pneumonia. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study design was used. Participants were residents and family members of residents treated for pneumonia drawn from a larger randomized controlled trial of a clinical pathway to manage nursing home-acquired pneumonia on-site. A total of 14 in-depth interviews were conducted. Interview data were analyzed using the editing style, described by Miller and Crabtree, to identify key themes. Results: Both residents and family members preferred that pneumonia be treated in the nursing home, where possible. They both felt that caring and attention are key aspects of care which are more easily accessible in the nursing home setting. However, residents felt that staff or doctors should make the decision whether to hospitalize them, whereas family members wanted to be consulted or involved in the decision-making process. Conclusion: These findings suggest that interventions to reduce hospitalization of nursing home residents with pneumonia are consistent with resident and family member preferences. Background The demand for long-term care in facilities is increasing in response to changing demographics and social values. As of 2000, an estimated 46 percent of Americans 65 years old will spend time in a nursing home before they die. By 2020, the total number of older adults using nursing home care in the United States is expected to more than double [1]. The functional dependence and clinical complexity of health problems that long-term care facility (LTCF) resi- dents have are also increasing. In 1997, the United States National Nursing Home Survey found that 75\% of elderly nursing home residents needed help with three or more activities of daily living (bathing, dressing, eating, transfer from bed to chair, toileting), and that 44\% had difficulty with both bowel and bladder contin