Fluent Essays

Category: Exceeds Standard Meets Standard Does not meet standard No evidence Score: Clearly states the objective or hypothesis which is engaging and thought provoking. Thoroughly identifies the background and significance of the study. States the paper’s hypothesis and identifies some of the background and significance of the study. Incomplete and/or unfocused. There is no clear introduction of the hypothesis or the background. Absent. No statement of hypothesis or significance for research. out of a possible 3 points 3 points 2 points 1 point 0 points Information is very organized in a clear and logical manner. Techniques for figures are thoroughly identified and explained. Techniques for figure(s) are listed but some are not fully developed or explained. Techniques are only listed, no explanation of techniques is provided. No identification or explanation of techniques. out of a possible 7 points 7 points 5 points 3 points 0 points Clearly and thoroughly explains the results presented in the assigned figure(s). Explains some of the results in the assigned figure(s). Lists results in the assigned figure(s) but does not adequately explain the results. No listing or explanation of the results. out of a possible 8 points 8 points 6 points 4 points 0 points Clearly states the conclusions of the study and identifies how figure(s) assigned support the conclusions of the study. States the paper’s conclusions but minimally ties the results of the assigned figure(s) to the conclusions. States conclusion, but is incomplete or unfocused. Does not tie the assigned figure(s) results to the conclusions. Absent. No conclusion. out of possible 3 points 3 points 2 points 1 point 0 points Meets the below criteria: Meets all but one of the criteria Meets all but more than one of the criteria. Does not meet any of the criteria Meets the minimum 1.5 to 2 pages minimum in length double spaced, font no greater than 12 point and one inch margins 2 points 1.5 points 1 points 0 points No grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors. Almost no grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors. A few grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors. Many grammatical, spelling or punctuation out of a possible 2 points 2 points 1.5 points 1 point 0 points Total points: / 25 Presentation of the hypothesis and background/significance of the study Quality of information and content: review of biotechnology techniques for assigned figure(s) Quality of information and content: explanation of assigned figure(s) results. Paper logistics: Mechanics: (grammer and spelling) Biology 59500 Spring 2021 Literature Summary Assessment Form Advances in Biotechnology Name: _________________________________________ Paper title: _____________________________________ Assigned figure(s): Running head: OSA1 OVEREXPRESSION TECHNIQUE 1 OSA1 OVEREXPRESSION TECHNIQUE 5 OSA1 Overexpression Technique Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation OSA1 Overexpression Technique Background Information The study on OSA1 Overexpression presents information on the supplements levels that promote the uptake of nutrients such as Nitrogen and carbon in rice. The research determines the supplements absorption rates in the roots of rice plant under different conditions, including different concentrations of NH 4 +. The study used seedlings incubated with NH 4 + to help determine the uptake rate in plants before hydroponically growing them in a greenhouse for four weeks (Zhang et al., 2021). The study confirms that both nitrogen and carbon nutrients are critical elements for plants growth and achieving high yields. Thus reducing the need for fertilisation requires an improved use of Nitrogen and Caborn. A Review of the Technique Overexpression as a biotechnology technique ensures the suppression of genes at high levels to produce large quantities of protein for a plant. The technique is useful in producing critical proteins needed on a large scale and adds the target elements through artificial construction, allowing genes to be translated efficiently under controlled conditions. It is difficult for crops like rice to achieve high yields through a green revolution due to its exclusive dependence on limited yield variability (Zhang et al., 2021). As a result, implementing overexpression technique makes it easier to increase the required nutrients absorption level, leading to increased production. The technique is believed to have the potential of improving heat tolerance and water-retaining capacity of rice. Growing rice plants in a drought-prone area with high heat stress negatively influences the crops growth and yield. Besides considering rice plants that do well in the adverse conditions, it is a good practice to supply more essential nutrients that provide the needed elements to ensure proper growth and increased production. Explanation of the Results From the study, it is noted that Overexpression of OSA1 increased the activities of Pm H+ ATPase in rice plants. The technique promoted uptake and assimilation of NH­4+ in the plants roots and increased stomatal opening and photosynthetic rate in the leaves. The genetic evidence of the technique showed that modulation of OSA1 regulated the absorption rate of NH4+ by the roots of the plants across a different range of the nutrient concentration (Zhang et al., 2021). The search unveils a close relationship between PMH+ -ATPase and NH4 + as a means of nutrients transportation within the root cells. The relationship enables the technique to enhance the take-up NH+ from the soil effectively to the roots. Additionally, the research found that the OSA1 overexpression technique enhances NH4 + assimilation through genes like glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase. TheARTICLE Plasma membrane H+-ATPase overexpression increases rice yield via simultaneous enhancement of nutrient uptake and photosynthesis Maoxing Zhang1,2,13, Yin Wang2,3,13, Xi Chen4,13, Feiyun Xu1,13, Ming Ding1, Wenxiu Ye 2,5, Yuya Kawai6, Yosuke Toda 2,7, Yuki Hayashi6, Takamasa Suzuki 8, Houqing Zeng9, Liang Xiao1, Xin Xiao10, Jin Xu11, Shiwei Guo1, Feng Yan12, Qirong Shen 1, Guohua Xu 1, Toshinori Kinoshita 2,6✉ & Yiyong Zhu 1✉ Nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) are essential elements for plant growth and crop yield. Thus, improved N and C utilisation contributes to agricultural productivity and reduces the need for fertilisation. In the present study, we find that overexpression of a single rice gene, Oryza sativa plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase 1 (OSA1), facilitates ammonium absorption and assimilation in roots and enhanced light-induced stomatal opening with higher photosynth- esis rate in leaves. As a result, OSA1 overexpression in rice plants causes a 33\% increase in grain yield and a 46\% increase in N use efficiency overall. As PM H+-ATPase is highly conserved in plants, these findings indicate that the manipulation of PM H+-ATPase could cooperatively improve N and C utilisation, potentially providing a vital tool for food security and sustainable agriculture. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-20964-4 OPEN 1 Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. 2 Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. 3 Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China. 4 College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. 5 School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. 6 Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. 7 Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan. 8 Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan. 9 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China. 10 College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China. 11 College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China. 12 Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. 13These authors contributed equally: Maoxing Zhang, Yin Wang, Xi Chen, Feiyun Xu. ✉email: [email protected]; [email protected] NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | (2021) 12:735 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-20964-4 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 () :,; http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1038/s41467-021-20964-4&domain=pdf http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1038/s41467-021-2