Fluent Essays

Global Marketing and Trade Environments First, make sure you include an abstract, executive summary, body of the paper, conclusion and a reference page. Whenever possible increase the level of your paper by adding a visual. For example, if you are talking about a certain model, adding a properly cited visual of the model would be appropriate.  If you are already used to writing in APA style, the only difference will be adding an executive summary at the start of page 3 where you would normally put the introduction. There is a differnce between the abstract and the executive summary as the abstract is very brief, it is on a page by itself, and tells the reader what is contained in the paper.  The executive summary starts on page 3, it highlights the main points of the marketing plan and it flows into the rest of the paper. Be sure to have 12 point font titles in bold for each section of your paper.   Use titles throughout your paper to make sure you stay on track and dont leave out any content, plus you want the sections to be very easy to find. I grade all work within the papers using the rubric. For example some suggested titles would be: Abstract (remember that the abstract tells the reader the main topics of what is in the paper) **Important** Executive Summary (remember that the Executive summary recaps the marketing proposal)  **Important** Summary of each article (one page) **Important** First topic (half a page) Second topic (half a page) Analysis on of the marketing concepts applied to the economic and trade environments  marketing concepts  best strategy for a new and existing product based on market orientation when expanding globally. Conclusion (Summarize paper) **Important**  References   For this assignment, you will choose two topics from the list below. One topic will be from the global economic environment list and one from the trade environment list. For each topic, find a scholarly or peer-reviewed journal article from the University of Arizona Global Campus Library. The article should examine the topic (with broad application) to global marketing (and one or more of the marketing concepts outlined in Chapter 1). Write a half a page summary of the articles you used for each of the topics. Discuss how one or more of the marketing concepts learned in Chapter 1 of your text can be applied to each environment separately (economic and trade) when a company is considering to expand globally. When considering expansion to other countries, examine how two or more of the marketing concepts can be applied to each of the specific topics you chose for each environment. Marketing concepts to consider include: Competitive advantage Single-Country marketing strategy and Global marketing strategy Management orientations Driving and restraining forces affecting global marketing Global market opportunities and threats Product/market matrix of growth strategies Think globally, act locally Explain which strategies would be the best for a new product and existing product using the product/market matrix based on a countries market orientation. Summarize the contents of your paper in an executive summary.  Global economic environment topic: Trade in merchandise and services **THIS IS THE ONE I CHOSE; The article is attached below and labeled Content Service. Cited Source Used: Tang, Tuck Cheong; Wong, Koi Nyen; International Economic Journal, June 2011, v. 25, iss. 2, pp. 251-67 Global trade environment topics (choose 1): World Trade Organization (WTO) Source Used: Dorobat, Carmen Elena; Independent Review, Winter 2015, v. 19, iss. 3, pp. 357-78 In your paper, Introduce the economic and trade environments. Write a half a page summary of the article you used for each of the topics. Each summary must include an introduction, a well-developed body, and a conclusion. In the introduction of each summary, identify the article used. Use APA style when Citing Within Your Paper. Discuss how one or more of the marketing concepts learned in Chapter 1 of your text can be applied to each environment (economic and trade) when a company is considering to expand globally. When considering expansion to other countries, examine how one or more of the marketing concepts can be applied to each of the specific topics you chose for each environment. Explain which strategies would be the best for a new product and existing product using the product/market matrix based on a countries market orientation. Summarize the contents of your paper in an executive summary. The work must be submitted as one paper that is five and half pages in length: Title page (one page) Executive summary page (half a page to one page) Summary of each article (one page) First topic (half a page) Second topic (half a page) Analysis on of the marketing concepts applied to the economic and trade environments(1 page) Analysis how one or more of the marketing concepts can be applied to each of your specific topics chosen (1 page) Explain the best strategy for a new and existing product based on market orientation when expanding globally. Reference page (one page) **Use at least 3 sources that include the text book which is cited below** The Global Marketing and Trade Environments paper Must be four double-spaced written pages in length for a total of six and a half pages for this assignment (one title page and one page for references). Must be formatted according to APA style. Must include a separate title page with the following: Title of page (Global Marketing and Trade Environments) Student’s name (Markis Edwards) Course name and number (BUS 622) Instructor’s name (Dr. Lorraine Cigainero) Date submitted (March 8, 2021) Textbook reference: Keegan, W. J., & Green, M. C. (2020). Global marketing (10th ed.). Retrieved from https://www.vitalsource.com Dorobat, Carmen Elena; Independent Review, Winter 2015, v. 19, iss. 3, pp. 357-78 Tang, Tuck Cheong; Wong, Koi Nyen; International Economic Journal, June 2011, v. 25, iss. 2, pp. 251-67Reference: Keegan, W. J., & Green, M. C. (2020). Global marketing (10th ed.). Retrieved from https://www.vitalsource.com 1-1 Introduction and Overview 1. 1-1 Use the product/market growth matrix to explain the ​various ways a company can expand globally. As the preceding examples illustrate, the global marketplace finds expression in many ways. Some are quite subtle; others are not. While shopping, you may have noticed more multilanguage labeling on your favorite products and brands. Chances are you were one of the millions of people around the world who tuned in to television coverage of the World Cup Soccer championship in 2018. On the highway, you may have seen a semitrailer truck from FedEx’s Global Supply Chain Services fleet. Or perhaps you are one of the hundreds of millions of Apple iTunes customers who got a free download of U2’s 2014 album Songs of Innocence—whether you wanted it or not! When you pick up a pound of Central American coffee at your favorite café, you will find that some beans are labeled Fair Trade Certified. The growing importance of global marketing is one aspect of a sweeping transformation that has profoundly affected the people and industries of many nations during the past 160 years. International trade has existed for centuries. Beginning in 200 B.C., for example, the legendary Silk Road was a land route connecting China with Mediterranean Europe. From the mid-1800s to the early 1920s, with Great Britain the dominant economic power in the world, international trade flourished. However, a series of global upheavals, including World War I, the Bolshevik Revolution, and the Great Depression, brought that era to an end. Then, following World War II, a new era began. Unparalleled expansion into global markets by companies that previously served only customers located in their respective home countries is one hallmark of this new global era. Four decades ago, the phrase global marketing did not exist. Today, businesspeople use global marketing to realize their companies’ full commercial potential. That is why, no matter whether you live in Asia, Europe, North America, or South America, you may be familiar with the brands mentioned in the opening paragraphs of this chapter. However, there is another, even more critical reason why companies need to take global marketing seriously: survival. A management team that fails to understand the importance of global marketing risks losing its domestic business to competitors with lower costs, more experience, and better products. But what is global marketing? How does it differ from “regular” marketing as it is typically practiced and taught in an introductory course?  Marketing  can be defined as the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. 2  Marketing activities center on an organization’s efforts to satisfy customer wants aInternational Economic Journal Vol. 25, No. 2, 251–267, June 2011 Foreign Direct Investment, Merchandise and Services Trade in a Transition Economy: The Case of Cambodia TUCK CHEONG TANG∗ & KOI NYEN WONG∗∗ ∗School of Business, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, ∗∗School of Business, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia (Received 30 December 2008; final version received 25 March 2010) ABSTRACT Since the liberalization of trade and investment in the 1990s, inward foreign direct investment (FDI) has been seen to play a greater role in forging trade flows, integration into the regional and international markets and economic development for a transition econ- omy such as Cambodia. Despite her recent progress in attracting FDI and fostering trade, the direction of causality between inward FDI, exports and imports of merchandise as well as services has not been empirically explored. The findings show that inward FDI not only can promote both merchandise and services exports but also indicate the presence of back- ward and forward linkages, which could result in positive externalities. However, based on the impulse response analysis, it seems that merchandise exports are more vulnerable than services exports to an unanticipated shift in FDI inflows in the medium run. KEY WORDS: Causality, Cambodia, trade, foreign direct investment JEL CLASSIFICATIONS: C22, F21 1. Introduction Cambodia has undergone different stages of economic reforms during the past two decades. In the late 1980s, its command economy was transformed into a free market economy, which allowed market forces to set prices. In particular, Correspondence Address: Tuck Cheong Tang, School of Business, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Email: [email protected] 1016-8737 Print/1743-517X Online/11/020251–17 © 2011 Korea International Economic Association DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2011.580581 252 T.C. Tang & K.N. Wong individuals could act with discretion and pursue material incentive in this competitive economic system. To aid the process of the free market economy, the Cambodian government firstly enforced the protection of property rights, and subsequently adopted policies of deregulation, privatization of state-owned enter- prises and liberalization of trade. In 1994, the Cambodian government enacted the Law on Investment, which granted foreign investors a wide range of incentives and relaxed foreign investment regulations. In 1999, it became a member of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), which consists of ten countries with a total population of about 550 million. Under the AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Agreement), Cambodia had agreed to reduce tariff rates on imported goods from ASEAN members, which could attract foreign investment and improve market access in the region. Trade liber“Foreign Policy and Domestic Policy Are but One System” Mises on International Organizations and the World Trade Organization F CARMEN ELENA DOROBĂŢ T he unsuccessful Doha Round and the future of the World Trade Organiza- tion (WTO) have been the subject of intense debate recently. The misadven- tures of the past ten years of trade talks have led many scholars to become more pessimistic about the future of multilateral trade agreements, while the opti- mists keep busy suggesting alternatives for current negotiations. The one issue both sides agree upon is that the existence of an international organization is a necessary, inevitable step toward international free trade. As a consequence of this general agreement, suggested alternatives revolve around reforming the negotiations arena and rehashing its role. Once revamped, can the WTO indeed make a lasting contribution to free trade? This article attempts to answer this question by outlining Ludwig von Mises’s views Carmen Elena Dorobăţ is a Ph.D. candidate at the École Doctorale DEGEST, University of Angers, and an instructor in the Department of International Business and Economics at Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies. The Independent Review, v. 19, n. 3, Winter 2015, ISSN 1086–1653, Copyright © 2015, pp. 357–378. 357 on the role and usefulness of international organizations and trade agreements. Unlike our contemporaries, Mises believed that the failure of international organiza- tions was inevitable in the presence of domestic economic intervention. Whereas negotiating governments are attached to the idea of interventionism and thrive on anticapitalistic mentalities, peace and free trade require the unhampered development of free enterprise. In Mises’s view, as long as the inherent tension between domestic and foreign policy persists, international trade-planning bodies cannot bring about free trade. The purpose of this article is therefore twofold. First, it highlights Mises’s contributions to the topic of foreign-trade policy, which have so far received little attention. Mises offered noteworthy insights on the shortcomings of international organizations established after World War II, and his remarks foreshadow half a century of international trade negotiations. This stands as a testimony to his acumen and mastery of the topic. Second, following Mises, I argue that the current impasse of WTO negotiations was caused by the pursuit of international agreements that clash with domestic policies in a manner similar to the League of Nations’ failure to preserve peace in the early twentieth century. To this end, the article is structured as follows. The first section briefly outlines the international economic landscape— that is, the international trade system and the free-trade movement, from the beginning of the twentieth century up to the present day. The next section turns to Mises’s contributions, as set out in his works and private correspond