Fluent Essays

NCUK International Foundation Programme 2020-21 Physics IFYPH002 Coursework 2: Discharge of a Capacitor through a Resistor Your research investigation is to investigate the discharge of a capacitor through a resistor. You will investigate the factors that affect the discharge time and graphically find the time constant of the capacitor – resistor combination. Compare your experimental value of time constant with the calculated one. Discuss uncertainties and errors. You will produce a formal laboratory report using a word processor (Microsoft Word). It should contain 1500 - 2000 words, plus calculations, diagrams, references etc. The final report should contain the following sections: Introduction Theory Procedure Results Analysis Discussion Conclusion References The maximum number of marks for Coursework 2 is 90. The following marks are given for each section: Final Report (100\%) The Final Report is marked out of 90 and is worth 100\% of the overall mark for Coursework 2 Introduction and Theory (10 marks) The title and aim of the experiment should be clearly described. Theory should be introduced and at least 3 references cited correctly. The Introduction and Theory should be separate Procedure (15 marks) The equipment used should be listed. Diagrams should be labelled and clear. The procedure should be clearly explained in the students own words. Results (15 marks) Observations, including repeat observations where appropriate, should be recorded. Show realistic uncertainty values. Correct units should be given for all physical quantities. Measurements should be taken over an appropriate range. Analysis (30 marks) The data should be processed to obtain a straight-line graph, where possible. Graphs should be correctly titled with sensible scales and axes. Points should be plotted accurately. A best fit line should be drawn. The gradient should be determined correctly using least squares fit. The gradient and intercept should be used appropriately. Data should be processed and displayed appropriately. Relevant physics principles should be discussed. Calculations should be carried out correctly and checked for accuracy. Uncertainties in calculated values should be determined correctly. Discussion (10 marks) Valid conclusions should be clearly stated. Realistic modifications should be suggested to improve the experiment. Style (10 marks) The report should be appropriately structured with subheadings. The report should not contain grammar or spelling errors. A good academic style of writing should be used. References should be cited and a reference list in Harvard style should be provided. The submission deadline is 5pm on Thursday 11th March 2020 and must be submitted to the NCUK Itslearning website. Do proofread your report and ensure you submit the right file as only one submission is allowed.Page 0 of 19 Resonance and speed of sound Laboratory report Tuvshinzaya Erdenekhuu S05 MI-19-0106 Page 1 of 19 Introduction: Objective of this experiment was finding speed of sound using a tuning fork and a tube with one closed end. First ever value of speed of sound, 478.4 metres per second, taken by the French scientist and philosopher Pierre Gassendi in the 17th century. This value was then changed and improved by number of scientists till 331.45 metres per second achieved in 1942. (Berg, 2019) In this experiment, length of pipe varied till tuning fork resonance then that length noted with frequency of tuning fork used. This procedure repeated with tuning forks with different Page 2 of 19 frequency in order to get enough measurements to create graph that can be used to find voice. Theory: Resonance happens in pipe with one closed end when the wave, which produced by sound source at end of the pipe, hit other end of pipe then reflect to opposite direction. Additionally, reflected wave should be in phase with initial wave to create wave with larger amplitude than original wave sounds (Aljlal, 2015). Thus, speed of sound can be calculated by measuring where resonance happens for different frequency waves. Page 3 of 19 During experiment, resonance happening in pipe assumed to be first harmonic resonance which can be seen on figure 1. Formula to find wavelength from the length of pipe shown on Figure 2. (λ is wavelength, L is length of pipe) However, end correction needs to be added to length so “L” should be changed by “L+c”. Furthermore, using formula in figure 3 we can substitute “λ” with “v/f”. In the end, equation in figure 4 can be achieved. Figure 1: First harmonic in pipe with one closed end (INTO Manchester, 2020) Figure 2: Formula to find wavelength using length of pipe. (Puantha et al, 2018) Page 4 of 19 Figure 3: formula of wavelength (Puantha et al, 2018) During the experiment, length of pipe where resonance happens should be noted with frequency of tuning forks used. After repeating this for enough time, graph should be drawn using value obtained. On the graph, 4L should be on y-axis and 1/f should be on x-axis. This is graph expected to be linear and gradient should be speed of sound. Furthermore, end correction can be found be finding meeting point of graph and y-axis. Figure 4: equation for experiment (Author’s own creation, 2020) Page 5 of 19 Health and safety: This experiment involves water in high tube, so tube containing water should be handled with care to prevent from any slippery surface. This can be hazardous to people who is not aware of it, especially if that person carrying fragile apparatus. Apparatus: • Pipe • Open pipe • 1m ruler • Clamp • Tuning forks • Water • Beaker Page 6 of 19 • Small woDetermining the effects of amplitude, length and, mass on the period of simple pendulum Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Simple Pendulum Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx Page 1 of 8 Introduction The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of length on the period of oscillation of a simple pendulum and to find the acceleration due to gravity. The word pendulum came from the Latin word which means hanging. A pendulum is a hanging object from a fixed point which it swings freely when it pulled back and released. Earth gravity pulls the hanging object toward the centre of the Earth and because the inertia it keeps moving or if it at rest it remain at rest. In this experiment the length of the pendulum is changed, and the time period is measured. Using this data, a graph can be plotted in order to find the acceleration due to gravity. Theory When a simple pendulum is displaced from its equilibrium position, there will be a restoring force that moves the pendulum back towards its equilibrium position. As the motion of the pendulum carries it past the equilibrium position, the restoring force changes its direction so that it is still directed towards the equilibrium position. If the restoring force F is opposite and directly proportional to the displacement x from the equilibrium position, so that it satisfies the relationship F = - k x (1) Where K is a constant. Then the motion of the pendulum will be simple harmonic motion and its period can be calculated using the equation for the period of simple harmonic motion, T. m is the mass. T = 2π √ 𝑚 𝑘 (2) It can be shown that if the amplitude of the motion is kept small, Equation (2) will be satisfied and the motion of a simple pendulum will be simple harmonic motion, and The restoring force for a simple pendulum is supplied by the vector sum of the gravitational force on the mass. mg and the tension in the string, T. The magnitude of the restoring force depends on the gravitational force and the displacement of the mass from the equilibrium position. Consider Figure 1 where a mass m is suspended by a string of length l and is displaced from its equilibrium position by an angle θ and a distance x along the arc through which the mass moves. The gravitational force can be resolved into two components, one along the radial direction, away from the point of suspension, and one along the arc in the direction that the mass moves. The component of the gravitational force along the arc provides the restoring force F and is given by: F = - mg sinθ (3) Figure 1 l m θ Simple Pendulum Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx