Fluent Essays

Here you will find a PDF file that contains the questions you are required to answer. You should save your answers in a Word document for submission. You will then submit the word document to the assignment link. Please do not repeat the questions on your answer sheet. Instead, please list the answers numerically/sequentially by simply utilizing 1, 2, 3, and 4. Each assignment must have a cover page listing your name, the name of the assignment, and the date. The cover page does not count towards the word count. For each assignment, you are expected to answer the assigned questions in your own words. Each assignment paper should be at least 280 words. Papers less than the required 280 words will get zero. This does not mean each question requires a 280-word response; rather, the total number of words for answering the questions must total more than 280 words.sustainability Article Is Overtourism Overused? Understanding the Impact of Tourism in a City Context Ko Koens 1,2,* , Albert Postma 3 and Bernadett Papp 3 1 Hotel and Facility Management, Breda University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 3917, 4800 DX Breda, The Netherlands 2 School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa 3 European Tourism Futures Institute, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 1298, 8900 CG Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (B.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +31-6-4544-0674 Received: 1 November 2018; Accepted: 20 November 2018; Published: 23 November 2018 ����������������� Abstract: In less than two years, the concept of overtourism has come to prominence as one of the most discussed issues with regards to tourism in popular media and, increasingly, academia. In spite of its popularity, the term is still not clearly delineated and remains open to multiple interpretations. The current paper aims to provide more clarity with regard to what overtourism entails by placing the concept in a historical context and presenting results from a qualitative investigation among 80 stakeholders in 13 European cities. Results highlight that overtourism describes an issue that is multidimensional and complex. Not only are the issues caused by tourism and nontourism stakeholders, but they should also be viewed in the context of wider societal and city developments. The article concludes by arguing that while the debate on overtourism has drawn attention again to the old problem of managing negative tourism impacts, it is not well conceptualized. Seven overtourism myths are identified that may inhibit a well-rounded understanding of the concept. To further a contextualized understanding of overtourism, the paper calls for researchers from other disciplines to engage with the topic to come to new insights. Keywords: city tourism; tourismphobia; tourism impacts; sustainable tourism; carrying capacity; overtourism; urban planning; governance; destination management; touristification 1. The Rise of Overtourism Cities provide visitors with a range of multifunctional, complex, multiuser environments. They are able to simultaneously host increasing numbers of domestic and international leisure tourists, but also business tourists and people visiting friends and relatives (VFR). The fact that cities tend to have good infrastructure facilities and already host a diverse and dynamic population suggests that they will better cope with increasing tourist numbers than other destinations. Indeed, until recently, tourism was seen as one of the more sustainable economic growth strategies for cities. Particularly in the aftermath of the economic crisis of 2008, it was viewed as an important driver for economic recovery or growth and it was given plenty of scope to develop, thus reinforcing the relative importance of the industry in city destiFEATURE - ‘Overtourism’ Worries Europe. How Much Did Technology Help Get Us There? By Farhad Manjoo, The New York Times Aug. 29, 2018 Reference: Manjoo, F. (2019, Aug. 29). ‘Overtourism’ Worries Europe. How Much Did Technology Help Get Us There? The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/29/technology/technology-overtourism-europe.html By Farhad Manjoo Over the summer, my wife and I traveled with our two young kids on a two-week vacation through Europe. It wasn’t as highfalutin as it sounds. In London, our Airbnb had ample skylights — which rendered the place all but uninhabitable during Europe’s heat wave. In Paris, our charming home-share had a cavernous hole in the ceiling of the entryway, revealing load-bearing beams that appeared to have been rotting since Napoleon’s reign. And in Amsterdam, our Airbnb advertised a kids’ bedroom stocked with toys — but failed to mention the mosquitoes and mice. I’m not complaining. If travel mishaps are the stuff of memory, my vacation was unforgettable. And without home-sharing services like Airbnb, review sites like TripAdvisor and conveniences like Uber, OpenTable and Expedia, the trip would have been far more expensive, less accessible and, in a strange way, less authentic. But my tech-abetted trip was illuminating, too, because it provided a firsthand look into a vexing problem that has gripped much of Europe lately — the worry of “overtourism,” and the rising chorus that blames technologies like Airbnb, Uber and other internet- enabled travel conveniences for the menace. Every summer, the most popular European destinations get stuffed to the gills with tourists, who outnumber locals by many multiples, turning hot spots into sweaty, selfie- stick-clogged, “Disneyfied”towns. They offer a taste of a growing global threat: Across the world, thanks in part to rising affluence, travel is becoming a more widely shared pastime. International trips were up 6 percent in the first half of the year, surpassing experts’ forecasts, according to the United Nations’ World Tourism Organization. This growth might once have been considered unambiguously good news. But the world’s most popular destinations cannot expand to accommodate an infinite flood of visitors. Advocates of curbing tourism say too many visitors are altering the character of historic cities, and making travel terrible, too. “It’s a level of tourism which is degrading the enjoyment that residents have, but it’s also degrading the tourist experience, because the tourist who is endlessly queuing behind backpacks of hundreds of other tourists is not discovering the real or the authentic place,” said Justin Francis, the chief executive of Responsible Travel, a company that arranges “sustainable” travel for customers. What’s to blame? In addition to broad prosperity, there’s technology, defined very broadly. Over the last few decades, innovations in aviation — wider, more effFEATURE - Top tourism spots crack down as they become victim of own success By Emma Batha, Thomson Reuters Foundation Reuters•July 22, 2019 Reference: Batha, E. (2019). Top tourism spots crack down as they become victim of own success. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-tourism-city- feature/top-tourism-spots-crack-down-as-they-become-victim-of-own-success- idUSKCN1UI00N By Emma Batha LONDON, July 23 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - It is not the sheer number of tourists descending on Venice that bothers Italian food blogger Monica Cesarato so much as the type of visitor. Not so long-ago Venice was considered the trip of a lifetime, said Cesarato, who runs gastronomic tours there. Visitors took days, even weeks, to explore the City of Canals, spending money in local restaurants and businesses. Today they pile off cruise ships and coaches, go on whirlwind tours run by non-locals, take umpteen selfies and buy little more than a cheap trinket made in China. As millions of holidaymakers head off for their summer break, increasing numbers of popular destinations are saying they cannot take much more. The Belgian city of Bruges is cracking down on cruise ships, Paris wants to limit coaches, Prague is fed up with beer bikes - and one Thai beach has banned tourists altogether. While tourism creates jobs and wealth, there is growing awareness of its negative impacts, from environmental damage to the destruction of neighborhoods as residents are priced out. The problems have created a backlash, spawning anti-tourism movements and protests from Amsterdam to Rome and Dubrovnik, the Croatian city featured in the TV show Game of Thrones. SOARING NUMBERS Mass tourism took off after World War Two. Last year there were 1.4 billion tourist arrivals, up from 25 million in 1950, according to the United Nations World Tourism Organization, with Europe absorbing half of them. The nation generating the most tourists is China - 143 million trips abroad in 2017, while France and Spain receive the most visits - more than 80 million a year. The boom is down to a fast-expanding global middle class combined with a proliferation of budget airlines and online travel agents which have made travel cheap and easy. A Londoner can fly to the south of France for less than 20 pounds ($25). The perception of going on holiday has shifted from being pretty much a privilege to becoming very much a right, said Marina Novelli, professor of tourism and international development at the University of Brighton. She said for decades tourism authorities and ministries have only measured success in terms of increased visitor numbers. This model no longer works and thats probably the most important message to get out there, she said, warning that overcrowding and Disneyfication in some places could destroy the charms that draw tourists in the first place. If we look at numbers only, and we dont look San Francisco State University, College of Business, Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management HTM 424 – Tourism Management Assignment – Overtourism Instructions: You are required to answer the following questions. You should save your answers in a Word document for submission. Please do not repeat the questions on your answer sheet. Instead, please list the answers numerically/sequentially by simply utilizing 1, 2, 3, and 4. Each assignment must have a cover page listing your name, the name of the assignment, and the date. The cover page does not count towards the word count. For each assignment, you are expected to answer the assigned questions in your own words. Each assignment paper should be at least 250 words. Papers less than the required 250 words will get zero. This does not mean each question requires a 250-word response; rather, the total number of words for answering the questions must total more than 250 words. An exemplary answer demonstrates comprehension through a complete understanding by translating, interpreting and extrapolation as well as full analysis of the basic information into elements by identifying causes and relationships. Assignment - Read the assigned articles then answer the questions/prompts below. The authors discuss the growing concern of ‘overtourism’ and the impact that tourism is having on tourist experiences and the destination and its locals. Readings 1. Batha, E. (2019). Top tourism spots crack down as they become victim of own success. Retrieved from (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global- tourism-city-feature/top-tourism-spots-crack-down-as-they-become-victim- of-own-success-idUSKCN1UI00N) 2. Manjoo, F. (2019, Aug. 29). ‘Overtourism’ Worries Europe. How Much Did Technology Help Get Us There? The New York Times. Retrieved from (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/29/technology/technology- overtourism-europe.html) 3. Koens, K., Postma, A., & Papp, B. (2018). Is overtourism overused? Understanding the impact of tourism in a city context. Sustainability, 10(12), 4384. Questions/prompts 1. Identification - In both articles, the authors identify and discuss the problems with overtourism and identify a number of causes. Based on these articles and your own research from other sources, address the following prompts: o a) Based on the articles, define “Overtourism”; o b) Is overtourism a legitimate problem/issue facing destination (why or why not – your answer must include facts/figures that demonstrate that “overtourism” exists); o c) based on your research, what are the primary 3-4 reasons for such condition (cite your sources)? 2. Managing - What role do local tourism officials have in managing overtourism and what steps could be taken to affectively deal with overtourism? Sample Reflection Paper Format/Outline • The following outline should be used for your reflection paper. You are not required to use the titles