Fluent Essays

Paper part III This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLiterature Review Study TwoItems of relevance: a). Psychological Purpose: Your study two literature review paper will meet the psychological objectives for this section, including: 1). narrowing your paper from general information about your new study variables toward specific information towards the end (tells the sequel ro your study one story) 2). presenting the information clearly, educating your reader about your new area of research while referring back to study one materials (lit review, methods, results, and discussion). Keep in mind that your new variable might be in an area that is new to readers. Assume they need you to teach them the material. 4). you should have smooth transitions between paragraphs. 3). end your study two literature review with your specific hypotheses / predictions about study two (make sure to talk about both main effects and interactions) b). APA Formatting Purpose: Your paper will meet the formatting objectives for this section, including: 1). proper APA formatting for title, header, and page numbers 2). You should have ten citations (minimum) with at least eight of them coming from primary (peer-reviewed) sources. Citations should match up with the references in your reference section. Citations are in proper APA format 10 to >0.0 ptsFull Marks 0 ptsNo Marks 10 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeProper CitationsItems of relevance: Support information that appears “factual” Citations are in appropriate APA format, including correct use of direct quotes 4 to >0.0 ptsFull Marks 0 ptsNo Marks 4 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeReference SectionItems of relevance: Ten references minimum (same as cited in the paper) in proper APA format 5 to >0.0 ptsFull Marks 0 ptsNo Marks 5 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeTablesYou should include at least four tables from Study One, one for the demographics information, one for the chi square, one for the first dependent variable (an ANOVA is required), and one for the second dependent variable (An ANOVA is preferred, but a t-Test acceptable). Each table is placed in-text right after a callout 1 to >0.0 ptsFull Marks 0 ptsNo Marks 1 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWriting Qualitya). Writing Purpose: Your paper will meet the writing objectives for this section, including: 1). proper grammar and spelling, good flow to the paper, good transition sentences between paragraphs 2). We are going to grade HARD here, so make sure it is clear, easy to read, and precise! Paper part IV (attachments) Paper V (attachments) it is the same paper but divided in 5 parts1 SCENARIO MUTABILITY & COGNITION [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] 20 SCENARIO MUTABILITY & COGNITION Counterfactual Thinking and Need for Cognition: Appointing Blame Comment by Ryan Winter: I want to bring your attention to a slight title change from Papers I and II. This student added in the phrase “Need for Cognition” to her title page, since her new papers also assess this new independent variable. Make sure you switch as well. Make your title descriptive enough that someone searching on PsycInfo would stop and read your paper if they are doing a study on a similar topic Former Student Florida International University Counterfactual Thinking and Need for Cognition: Appointing Blame Comment by Ryan Winter: Again, the title is identical to the one on the title page. The header title (Here, it is SCENARIO MUTABILITY & COGNITION) is the same as on the title page. As free-willed beings, humans are often the victims of their own decisions. Imagine accidentally running over a stray cat because you decided to look away from the road at the exact moment the cat decided to cross the street. Following the accident, most people would be plagued with thoughts of how alternative circumstances or decisions could have prevented such an unfortunate situation. Every time an individual forms a ‘what if’ scenario in which he or she mentally alters the course of events occurred, they are participating in a process that is known as counterfactual thinking (Ruiselová et al., 2007; Williams et al, 1996). This process allows individuals to consider the multiple factors at play in a situation (i.e mutability), and to decide what specific condition was responsible for the ultimate outcome of the event. The primary focus of our study is to analyze the extent of culpability people place on a particular factor depending on the preventability of the outcome. That is, if it is easy to “undue” an event that ends in a tragic outcome, will participants find an actor who fails to engage in that easy behavior more at fault? Comment by Ryan Winter: This first section in the paper is essentially a revised version of Paper I. You’ll see a few changes in this section compared to Paper I that are based on feedback we gave to this student on that first paper. Look at your own Paper I feedback and USE IT to make this first section better. In fact, the first few sections here are based on Papers I and II. Copy and paste them (but make sure to revise them first!) To get to the new stuff, jump down to page nine for the new lit review section for Paper III The development of counterfactual thoughts relies on the variability of the situation as well as the knowledge that different actions could have resulted in alternate outcomes (Alquist et al., 2015). According to Alquist et al., situations that are believed to be highly changeable generate more counterfactual thoughts than events that seem unavoidable. However, ruminating on every conceivable alternative Page 1 of 7 Facebook Rudeness & Apology Spring 2021 Start of Block: Instruction Q1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to investigate social media rudeness and their effect on how people feel about it. NUMBER OF STUDY PARTICIPANTS If you decide to be in this study, you will be one of about 1000 people in this research study. DURATION OF THE STUDY Your participation will involve a maximum of 10 minutes to complete the questionnaire. PROCEDURES If you agree to be in the study, we will ask you to do the following: 1. Look over the Facebook Post presented. 2. Answer a few follow-up questions regarding how you feel about the profile owners behavior or the owner himself. RISKS AND/OR DISCOMFORTS The study has the following possible risks to you: Minor discomfort with personal questions regarding how you would respond to specific scenarios in social media. BENEFITS The study has the following possible benefits to you: Your participation in the study will provide useful data for the development of the study. Accordingly, the findings of our study will contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of Psychology. Do you consent to participate in this research project? o Yes (1) o No (2) Skip To: End of Survey If PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to investigate social media rudeness and thei... = No Page 2 of 7 Q2 On the next page, you will see a social media page for a Facebook user named Corey McMillan. Carefully read EVERYTHING on it, as we will ask you about your impressions later in this survey. End of Block: Instruction Start of Block: PD&Apology PD&Apology PD&Apology Did you fully read the Facebook posts above? o Yes (5) o No--please read (6) End of Block: PD&Apology Start of Block: RD&Apology RD&Apology RD&Apology Did you fully read the Facebook posts above? o Yes (5) o No--please read (6) End of Block: RD&Apology Start of Block: PD&No PD&No PD&No Did you fully read the Facebook posts above? o Yes (5) o No--please read (6) End of Block: PD&No Start of Block: RD&No RD&No RD&No Did you fully read the Facebook posts above? o Yes (5) o No--please read (6) Page 3 of 7 End of Block: RD&No Start of Block: Impression of Corey Scale Without looking back, rate your impressions of Corey McMillan, the Facebook page owner and original poster. Strongly disagree (1) Disagree (2) Somewhat disagree (3) Somewhat agree (4) Agree (5) Strongly Agree (6) Corey seems like a reasonable person. (16) o o o o o o Corey seems like a polite person. (1) o o o o o o Corey seems like an open- minded person. (9) o o o o o o Corey seems to lack civility. (26) o o o o o o Corey seems like a rude person. (10) o o o o o o Corey seems tolerant of opposingSCENARIO MUTABILITY & COGNITION 1 4 COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING: APPOINTING BLAME 10 SCENARIO MUTABILITY & COGNITION Scenario Mutability and Need for Cognition: Appointing Blame Former Student Florida International University Method Study Two Comment by Ryan Winter: The good news here is that the set up for the methods for study two is similar to the set up for study one. You can copy and paste a bit, but there are going to be some really IMPORTANT differences that I will highlight throughout Participants One hundred and sixty subjects, 90\% (n = 144) university students, were recruited to participate in study two. Of these 160 participants, 33\% (n = 52) were male and 67\% (n = 108) were female. Ages ranged from a minimum of 17 to a maximum of 64 with an average of 22.38 years (SD = 5.14). Our sample population consisted of 76\% Hispanic Americans (n = 122), 9\% African Americans (n = 15), 9\% Caucasians (n = 14), 3\% Asian American (n = 5), and 3\% Others (n = 4). See Table 6. Comment by Ryan Winter: The participant section in Paper IV is similar to that in Paper II, but your participants will differ. IMPORTANT: Include your sample and numbers for study two, as these participants are not the same ones you used in study one Comment by Ryan Winter: Note that this student started her tables with Table 6. She had five tables from Study One, so it makes sense for her to start with Table 6 for study two. For you, I am pretty sure you will continue listing tables starting with Table 5. Table 6 Demographics – Study Two Materials and Procedure Prospective participants were asked to take part in an online study being conducted for research purposes. If the subject agreed to participate, verbally or otherwise, he or she was directed to the survey developed through Qualtrics software. In accordance with the standardized guidelines for informed consent, subjects were first notified of the potential risks and benefits of participating in the study before being introduced to the research material. Once the participant confirmed their approval, they were eligible to continue with the rest of the survey, which consisted of six different parts or sections. Comment by Ryan Winter: It’s a new study (online this time!) so make sure to note it accordingly In section one of the study, we manipulated the subject’s Need for Cognition (NFC) by randomly assigning them to one of two possible groups. Depending on which group the subject was appointed to, they were presented with either five low-NFC or five high-NFC statements procured from the 18-item NFC scale developed by Caccioppo et al. (1984). After reading each statement, the participant was then asked to rate how much they agreed with each remark on a number scale. The numbers on the scale ranged from one (somewhat agree) to seven (completely agree). For example, a participant presented with a set of high-NFC statements was asked to rPaper IV: Study Two Methods, Results, and Discussion – Grading Rubric (30 points) 1). Title Page (1 point) Items of relevance: Proper Running head, page numbers Student name and Institution 2). Methods Section (10 points total) Items of relevance: a). Psychological Purpose: Your methods section will meet the psychological objectives for this section, including: 1). presenting all participant data 2). providing enough detail in your materials / procedure sections to help a reader who is unfamiliar with your methods know exactly what you did and how you did it. The reader should be able to replicate your study 3). Make sure to clearly describe BOTH independent variables and any new dependent variables you may have added b). APA Formatting Purpose: Your methods section will meet the APA formatting objectives for this section, including: 1). proper APA formatting for headings and subheadings, header, and page numbers. Statistics in the participant section are in APA format 2). proper table callout for the demographics and the table following immediately 3). Results Section (10 points total) Items of relevance: a). Psychological Purpose: Your results section will meet the psychological objectives for this section, including: 1). presenting results in a clear manner by focusing on BOTH independent variables as well as dependent variables. Discuss all variables used in each analysis and which analysis is most appropriate for the data b). APA Formatting Purpose: Your results section will meet the APA formatting objectives for this section, including: 1). proper reporting of statistical tests (including t-Test and/or ANOVA values as well as means and standard deviations where appropriate) 2). Tables for each analysis immediately following the callout 4). Discussion Section (2 points total) 5) Reference Section – Not needed for this paper 6). Tables (4 points) Items of relevance: Four tables (minimum), one for demographics, one for the chi square (manipulation check), one for the first DV analysis (2 X 2 ANOVA), one for the second DV analysis (2 X 2 ANOVA). Tables are placed in-text immediately after the callout 7). Writing Quality (3 points) Items of relevance: a). Writing Purpose: Your methods section will meet the writing objectives for this section, including: 1). proper grammar and spelling, clearly describing your methods / results 2). providing methods information that is not repetitive Note: Use the Paper Checklist, too! It is much more detailed then this grading rubric!1 SCENARIO MUTABILITY & COGNITION [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] 31 SCENARIO MUTABILITY & COGNITION Comment by Ryan Winter: I will only make a few comments in this final paper, as I have commented on prior versions of this paper for example Papers I, II, III, and IV. Revisit those example papers if you need to see the comments again Scenario Mutability and Need for Cognition: Appointing Blame Former Student Florida International University Abstract Comment by Ryan Winter: The Abstract is a new element to Paper V, so take some time to compose this paragraph. It should cover both studies and provide information about the study in general and your findings Comment by Ryan Winter: The word Abstract is centered and in bold Research shows that Need for Cognition (NFC) and scenario mutability (how easy it is to alter the outcome of an event) can play a role in the way people interpret those outcomes. The current studies analyzed culpability assessed when a situation varied in mutability (in study one and two) and when the NFC of each subject was assessed (study two). In both studies, undergraduate participants read a scenario involving a taxi-accident in which an undesirable outcome could have been avoided (changeable) or was unavoidable (unchangeable). In both studies, the participants generated as many “If Only” statements as they could and rated how much blame the actor in the scenario deserved for the undesirable outcome. For both studies, participants assessed more blame in the changeable condition, but neither scenario nor NFC impacted counterfactual statement generation. These results suggest that the mutability of a scenario is important, but that counterfactual statements may explain how participants assess that mutability. Comment by Ryan Winter: The whole abstract is flush left (no indenting) but the right side is jagged Comment by Ryan Winter: In this course, try to keep the abstract to 150 to 200 words (this one is 156). Keywords: need for cognition, counterfactual thinking, “If Only” statements, changeable condition, unchangeable condition Comment by Ryan Winter: The keywords are not included in the word count Scenario Mutability and Need for Cognition: Appointing Blame Comment by Ryan Winter: Same title as the title page. Make it identical! Comment by Ryan Winter: This Study One literature review section is nearly identical the study one literature review in Paper III. See my comments there. As free-willed beings, humans are often the victims of their own decisions. Imagine accidentally running over a stray cat because you decided to look away from the road at the exact moment the cat decided to cross the street. Following the accident, most people would be plagued with thoughts of how alternative circumstances or decisions could have prevented such an unfortunate situation. Every time an individual forms a ‘what if’ scenario in which he or she mentally alters the course of events occurred, t