Fluent Essays

Please read the article by Ghaddar et al. on Understanding the Intention to Use Telehealth Services in Underserved Hispanic Border Communities: Cross-Sectional Study (see attached). Identify, using the following attached word document format 6310-Week1-Assignment1_Format.docx Gap in the literature that the study addresses Research question(s) Study design Population studied Predictor variable(s) Outcome variable(s) Results (provide answer to the research question(s) based on study findings).  I encourage you to view the sample assignment attached and answers above to better understand what is expected for this assignment.Week 1 – Assignment 1 Rubric Ghaddar et al. Understanding the Intention to Use Telehealth Services in Underserved Hispanic Border Communities: Cross-Sectional Study. Part Answers Points Earned Gap in the literature 10 Research question 10 Study design 10 Population studied 10 Predictor variable(s) 15 Outcome variable(s) 15 Results 30 Total 100Week 1 – Assignment 1 Rubric Ghaddar et al. Health Insurance Literacy and Awareness of the Affordable Care Act in a Vulnerable Hispanic Population. Part Answers Points Earned Gap in the literature Not many studies (a) have looked at health insurance literacy (HIL) and its relationship with the ACA (5) or (b) have assessed the health insurance literacy of Hispanic consumers (5). 10 Research question • What factors contribute to health insurance literacy in vulnerable Hispanic communities? (3) • Is ACA knowledge associated with health insurance literacy among vulnerable groups along the Texas-Mexico border? (7) 10 Study design Cross-sectional 10 Population studied Target population (preferred answer): Hispanic (4) vulnerable groups (4) along the Texas-Mexico border (2) OR Accessible population: Hispanic (4) attendees at Operation Lone Star (4) in Hidalgo County (2) Note to coaches: either one of these answers is considered correct. 10 Predictor variable(s) Health insurance literacy (7), sociodemographic characteristics (2), health literacy (2), health status (2), political affiliation (2). 15 Outcome variable(s) ACA knowledge 15 Results • Almost 70\% of participants knew nothing/very little about the ACA. (10) • Multivariate analyses revealed that no/very little ACA knowledge was associated with o low levels of confidence “choosing health insurance plans” (full sample) and “comparing plans” (U.S.-born sub-sample) (10) o low income levels (5) o not having a diabetes diagnosis (5) 30 Total 100Patient Education and Counseling 101 (2018) 2233–2240 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Patient Education and Counseling journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pateducou Health insurance literacy and awareness of the Affordable Care Act in a vulnerable Hispanic population Suad Ghaddara,*, Jihyun Byunb, Janani Krishnaswamic a Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, USA b School of Human Ecology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA c Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, USA A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received 2 March 2018 Received in revised form 25 August 2018 Accepted 29 August 2018 Keywords: Health insurance literacy Affordable Care Act Objective: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has allowed millions of Americans to obtain coverage. However, many, especially minorities, remain uninsured. With mounting evidence supporting the importance of health insurance literacy (HIL), the purpose of this cross-sectional study is to examine the association between HIL and ACA knowledge. Methods: We conducted 681 in-person interviews with participants at a community health event along the Texas-Mexico border in 2015, after the conclusion of the ACA’s second enrollment period. To assess HIL, we used the Health Insurance Literacy Measure, reflecting consumers’ confidence to choose, compare, and use health insurance. We assessed ACA knowledge through the following question: “How much would you say you know about this health reform law?” Logistic regression was used to examine the association between HIL and ACA knowledge after controlling for several covariates. Results: Almost 70\% of participants knew nothing/very little about the ACA. Multivariate analyses revealed that no/very little ACA knowledge was associated with low levels of confidence “choosing health insurance plans” (OR:0.55; 95\%CI:0.40-0.75) (full sample) and “comparing plans” (OR:0.56; 95\%CI:0.32- 0.96) (U.S.-born sub-sample). Conclusion: No/little ACA knowledge is associated with lower levels of HIL. Practice Implications: Promoting HIL is an essential step towards improving healthcare access. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction The United States’ health care system has faced an array of challenges, including high costs, health inequities, and high uninsured rates, among others. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), a monumental health reform effort also known as Obamacare, aimed to address several of the system’s shortcomings, most importantly the high rate of the uninsured which stood at 17\% of the population (51 million people) in 2009 [1]. The ACA’s passage in 2010 has allowed more than 20 million Americans to obtain cOriginal Paper Understanding the Intention to Use Telehealth Services in Underserved Hispanic Border Communities: Cross-Sectional Study Suad Ghaddar1, PhD; Kristina P Vatcheva2, PhD; Samantha G Alvarado3, MSHS; Laryssa Mykyta4, PhD 1Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States 2School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States 3School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States 4Social, Economic and Housing Statistics Division, Health and Disability Statistics Branch, US Census Bureau, Washington, DC, United States Corresponding Author: Suad Ghaddar, PhD Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences University of Texas Rio Grande Valley EHABW 2.206 1201 W. University Dr. Edinburg, TX, United States Phone: 1 956 665 5269 Email: [email protected] Abstract Background: Despite the United States having one of the leading health care systems in the world, underserved minority communities face significant access challenges. These communities can benefit from telehealth innovations that promise to improve health care access and, consequently, health outcomes. However, little is known about the attitudes toward telehealth in these communities, an essential first step toward effective adoption and use. Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the factors that shape behavioral intention to use telehealth services in underserved Hispanic communities along the Texas-Mexico border and examine the role of electronic health (eHealth) literacy in telehealth use intention. Methods: We used cross-sectional design to collect data at a community health event along the Texas-Mexico border. The area is characterized by high poverty rates, low educational attainment, and health care access challenges. Trained bilingual students conducted 322 in-person interviews over a 1-week period. The survey instrument assessed sociodemographic information and telehealth-related variables. Attitudes toward telehealth were measured by asking participants to indicate their level of agreement with 9 statements reflecting different aspects of telehealth use. For eHealth literacy, we used the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), an 8-item scale designed to measure consumer confidence in finding, evaluating, and acting upon eHealth information. To assess the intention to use telehealth, we asked participants about the likelihood that they would use telehealth services if offered by a health care provider. We analyzed data using univariate, multivariate, and mediation statistical models. Results: Participants were primarily Hispanic (310/319, 97.2\%) and female (261/322, 81.1\%), with an average age of 43 years. Almost three-quarters (219/298) reported annual household incomes below $20,000. Health-wise, 42.2\% (136/322) self-rated their health as fair or poor, and 79.7\% (255/320) were uninsured. The overwhelmin