Answer all questions in complete English sentences and use proper APA citation when appropriate - Statistics
1. State the main independent variable? How was it manipulated?
HINT: Recall, manipulation operations are designed to change the value a variable (Dixon et al. 2019, p. 114-115) and review Sherman et al. (1992), p. 146-147
2. What is the main dependent variable? What are the other dependent variables? Discuss how were they measured.
HINT: Outcome MeasuresThe Variable Effects of Arrest on Criminal Careers: The Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment (MilDVE)
Sherman, L. W. et al. (1992)
1
Quick Review of the 1984 Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment (MDVE)
2
MDVE: Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment
The MDVE (Sherman and Berk 1984) field experiment (conducted during 1981-1982) found arrest to be an effective deterrent against repeat domestic violence.
Main Independent Variables:
Group assignment – assigned to advise, 8 hour separation, or arrest
Police Action (delivered treatment) – assigned to advise, 8 hour separation,
or arrest
Main Dependent Variable:
Repeat Violence Over Six Months
3
Sherman & Berk (1984) Caveat: Treatment Dilution and Treatment Migration
According to Angrist (2006) treat dilution occurs when subjects that are assigned to the treatment group do not receive the treatment
While treatment migration, according to Angrist (2006), refers to the occurrence of control group members receiving the treatment
Both phenomena pose a threat to internal validity of an experimental design
E.g., regarding the MDVE, non-random crossovers of those who were suppose to be advised ended up being arrested may cause those who are arrested lose comparability to the advised group – treatment migration
4
Prefect Compliance Cases: 91 + 84 + 83 = 258
Treatment (Arrest) Dilution Case: 1
Simple Treatment Migration Cases: 19 + 26 = 45
5
Non-compliance with random assignment Attenuated the Treatment Effect of Arrest
Do to non-compliance with random assignment significant selection bias was introduced
However, when the selection bias was controlled for the deterrent effect of arrest is even stronger than previously believed (Angrist, 2006, p. 39).
6
Source: Berk and Sherman, 1984, p. 6
7
Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment (MilDVE)
8
MilDVE (1987 to 1989): A Modified Replication of MDVE
The MilDVE field experiment represents a modified replication of the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment (MDVE)
The two key purposes of the MilDVE study were
(1) to examine the possible differences in reactions to arrest, and
(2) to compare the effects of short and long incarceration associated
with arrest.
9
Sherman et al. (1992): Variable Effects of Arrest on Criminal Careers (MilDVE)
Sherman and Berk (1984) were concerned about concerns that the MDVE sample did not allow for the evaluation of the possibility “that for some kinds of people, arrest may only make matters” – e.g., encourage domestic violence recidivism (Sherman et al. 1992, p.139)
The current article addresses the above concern and Sherman et al. (1992) observed based on the data that
“…[t]he evidence shows that, while arrest deters repeat domestic violence in the short run, arrests with brief custody increase the frequency of domestic violence in the long run among offJournal of Criminal Law and Criminology
Volume 83
Issue 1 Spring
Article 5
Spring 1992
The Variable Effects of Arrest on Criminal Careers:
The Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment
Lawrence W. Sherman
Janell D. Schmidt
Dennis P. Rogan
Douglas A. Smith
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Recommended Citation
Lawrence W. Sherman, Janell D. Schmidt, Dennis P. Rogan, Douglas A. Smith, The Variable Effects of Arrest on Criminal Careers: The
Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment, 83 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 137 (1992-1993)
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0091-4169/92/8301-0137
THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW & CRIMINOLOGY Vol. 83, No. 1
Copyright 0 1992 by Northwestern University, School of Law Prinled in U.S.A.
THE VARIABLE EFFECTS OF ARREST ON
CRIMINAL CAREERS: THE MILWAUKEE
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EXPERIMENT
LAWRENCE W. SHERMAN, JANELL D. SCHMIDT,
DENNIS P. ROGAN, DOUGLAS A. SMITH,
PATRICK R. GARTIN, ELLEN G. COHN,
DEAN J. COLLINS, and ANTHONY R. BACICH*
I. INTRODUCTION
The jurisprudence of the criminal sanction has long recognizMastering ’Metrics
Mastering ’Metrics
The Path from Cause to Effect
Joshua D. Angrist
and
Jörn-Steffen Pischke
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS ▪ PRINCETON AND OXFORD
Copyright © 2015 by Princeton University Press
Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire
OX20 1TW
press.princeton.edu
Jacket and illustration design by Wanda Espana
Book illustrations by Garrett Scafani
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Angrist, Joshua David.
Mastering ’metrics : the path from cause to effect / Joshua D. Angrist, Jörn-Steffen Pischke.
pages cm
Includes index.
Summary: “Applied econometrics, known to aficionados as ’metrics, is the original data science.
’Metrics encompasses the statistical methods economists use to untangle cause and effect in
human affairs. Through accessible discussion and with a dose of kung fu-themed humor,
Mastering ’Metrics presents the essential tools of econometric research and demonstrates why
econometrics is exciting and useful. The five most valuable econometric methods, or what the
authors call the Furious Five—random assignment, regression, instrumental variables, regression
discontinuity designs, and differences in differences-are illustrated through wellcrafted real-world
examples (vetted for awesomeness by Kung Fu Panda’s Jade Palace). Does health insurance make
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differences analysis of a Depression-era banking crisis offers a response. Could arresting O.J.
Simpson have saved his ex-wife’s life? Instrumental variables methods instruct law enforcement
authorities in how best to respond to domestic abuse. Wielding econometric tools with skill and
confidence, Mastering ’Metrics uses data and statistics to illuminate the path from cause to effect.
Shows why econometrics is important Explains econometric research through humorous and
accessible discussion Outlines empirical methods central to modern econometric practice Works
through interesting and relevant real-world examples”—Provided by publisher.
ISBN 978-0-691-15283-7 (hardback : alk. paper)—
ISBN 978-0-691-15284-4 (paperback : alk. paper)
1. Econometrics. I. Pischke, Jörn-Steffen. II. Title.
HB139.A53984 2014
330.01′5195—dc23 2014024449
British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available
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