Answer all questions in complete English sentences and use proper APA citation when appropriate - Statistics
1. State the main independent variable?  How was it manipulated?    HINT: Recall, manipulation operations are designed to change the value a variable (Dixon et al. 2019, p. 114-115) and review Sherman et al. (1992), p. 146-147 2. What is the main dependent variable?  What are the other dependent variables? Discuss how were they measured. HINT: Outcome MeasuresThe Variable Effects of Arrest on Criminal Careers: The Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment (MilDVE) Sherman, L. W. et al. (1992) 1 Quick Review of the 1984 Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment (MDVE) 2 MDVE: Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment The MDVE (Sherman and Berk 1984) field experiment (conducted during 1981-1982) found arrest to be an effective deterrent against repeat domestic violence.  Main Independent Variables: Group assignment – assigned to advise, 8 hour separation, or arrest Police Action (delivered treatment) – assigned to advise, 8 hour separation, or arrest Main Dependent Variable: Repeat Violence Over Six Months 3 Sherman & Berk (1984) Caveat: Treatment Dilution and Treatment Migration According to Angrist (2006) treat dilution occurs when subjects that are assigned to the treatment group do not receive the treatment While treatment migration, according to Angrist (2006), refers to the occurrence of control group members receiving the treatment Both phenomena pose a threat to internal validity of an experimental design E.g., regarding the MDVE, non-random crossovers of those who were suppose to be advised ended up being arrested may cause those who are arrested lose comparability to the advised group – treatment migration 4 Prefect Compliance Cases: 91 + 84 + 83 = 258 Treatment (Arrest) Dilution Case: 1 Simple Treatment Migration Cases: 19 + 26 = 45 5 Non-compliance with random assignment Attenuated the Treatment Effect of Arrest Do to non-compliance with random assignment significant selection bias was introduced However, when the selection bias was controlled for the deterrent effect of arrest is even stronger than previously believed (Angrist, 2006, p. 39). 6 Source: Berk and Sherman, 1984, p. 6 7 Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment (MilDVE) 8 MilDVE (1987 to 1989): A Modified Replication of MDVE The MilDVE field experiment represents a modified replication of the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment (MDVE) The two key purposes of the MilDVE study were (1) to examine the possible differences in reactions to arrest, and (2) to compare the effects of short and long incarceration associated with arrest. 9 Sherman et al. (1992): Variable Effects of Arrest on Criminal Careers (MilDVE) Sherman and Berk (1984) were concerned about concerns that the MDVE sample did not allow for the evaluation of the possibility “that for some kinds of people, arrest may only make matters” – e.g., encourage domestic violence recidivism (Sherman et al. 1992, p.139) The current article addresses the above concern and Sherman et al. (1992) observed based on the data that “…[t]he evidence shows that, while arrest deters repeat domestic violence in the short run, arrests with brief custody increase the frequency of domestic violence in the long run among offJournal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 83 Issue 1 Spring Article 5 Spring 1992 The Variable Effects of Arrest on Criminal Careers: The Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment Lawrence W. Sherman Janell D. Schmidt Dennis P. Rogan Douglas A. Smith Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized administrator of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Recommended Citation Lawrence W. Sherman, Janell D. Schmidt, Dennis P. Rogan, Douglas A. Smith, The Variable Effects of Arrest on Criminal Careers: The Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment, 83 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 137 (1992-1993) http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc?utm_source=scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu\%2Fjclc\%2Fvol83\%2Fiss1\%2F5&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc/vol83?utm_source=scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu\%2Fjclc\%2Fvol83\%2Fiss1\%2F5&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc/vol83/iss1?utm_source=scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu\%2Fjclc\%2Fvol83\%2Fiss1\%2F5&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc/vol83/iss1/5?utm_source=scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu\%2Fjclc\%2Fvol83\%2Fiss1\%2F5&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc?utm_source=scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu\%2Fjclc\%2Fvol83\%2Fiss1\%2F5&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages http://network.bepress.com/hgg/discipline/912?utm_source=scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu\%2Fjclc\%2Fvol83\%2Fiss1\%2F5&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages http://network.bepress.com/hgg/discipline/417?utm_source=scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu\%2Fjclc\%2Fvol83\%2Fiss1\%2F5&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages http://network.bepress.com/hgg/discipline/367?utm_source=scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu\%2Fjclc\%2Fvol83\%2Fiss1\%2F5&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages http://network.bepress.com/hgg/discipline/367?utm_source=scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu\%2Fjclc\%2Fvol83\%2Fiss1\%2F5&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages 0091-4169/92/8301-0137 THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW & CRIMINOLOGY Vol. 83, No. 1 Copyright 0 1992 by Northwestern University, School of Law Prinled in U.S.A. THE VARIABLE EFFECTS OF ARREST ON CRIMINAL CAREERS: THE MILWAUKEE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EXPERIMENT LAWRENCE W. SHERMAN, JANELL D. SCHMIDT, DENNIS P. ROGAN, DOUGLAS A. SMITH, PATRICK R. GARTIN, ELLEN G. COHN, DEAN J. COLLINS, and ANTHONY R. BACICH* I. INTRODUCTION The jurisprudence of the criminal sanction has long recognizMastering ’Metrics Mastering ’Metrics The Path from Cause to Effect Joshua D. Angrist and Jörn-Steffen Pischke PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS ▪ PRINCETON AND OXFORD Copyright © 2015 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu Jacket and illustration design by Wanda Espana Book illustrations by Garrett Scafani All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Angrist, Joshua David. Mastering ’metrics : the path from cause to effect / Joshua D. Angrist, Jörn-Steffen Pischke. pages cm Includes index. Summary: “Applied econometrics, known to aficionados as ’metrics, is the original data science. ’Metrics encompasses the statistical methods economists use to untangle cause and effect in human affairs. Through accessible discussion and with a dose of kung fu-themed humor, Mastering ’Metrics presents the essential tools of econometric research and demonstrates why econometrics is exciting and useful. The five most valuable econometric methods, or what the authors call the Furious Five—random assignment, regression, instrumental variables, regression discontinuity designs, and differences in differences-are illustrated through wellcrafted real-world examples (vetted for awesomeness by Kung Fu Panda’s Jade Palace). Does health insurance make you healthier? Randomized experiments provide answers. Are expensive private colleges and selective public high schools better than more pedestrian institutions? Regression analysis and a regression discontinuity design reveal the surprising truth. When private banks teeter, and depositors take their money and run, should central banks step in to save them? Differences-in- differences analysis of a Depression-era banking crisis offers a response. Could arresting O.J. Simpson have saved his ex-wife’s life? Instrumental variables methods instruct law enforcement authorities in how best to respond to domestic abuse. Wielding econometric tools with skill and confidence, Mastering ’Metrics uses data and statistics to illuminate the path from cause to effect. Shows why econometrics is important Explains econometric research through humorous and accessible discussion Outlines empirical methods central to modern econometric practice Works through interesting and relevant real-world examples”—Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-0-691-15283-7 (hardback : alk. paper)— ISBN 978-0-691-15284-4 (paperback : alk. paper) 1. Econometrics. I. Pischke, Jörn-Steffen. II. Title. HB139.A53984 2014 330.01′5195—dc23 2014024449 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Sabon with Helvetica Neue Condensed family display using ZzTEX by Princeton Editorial Associates Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona Printed on acid-free paper. ♾ Printed in the Unite
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