Fluent Essays

Needs Analysis Write a Needs Analysis of a sport or exercise activity of your choice focusing on an athlete of a specific position and level (i.e. elite soccer midfielder). If you are choosing a brand fitness activity (i.e. crossfit), it must be one that involves competitions. You may choose a team or individual sport. Do not use the examples that I have in my Needs Analysis lecture. This should be 1 – 1.5 pages single spaced and include the following: 1. Evaluation of Sport (12 pts) a. Description of physical demands/requirements b. Muscles c. Muscle fiber types d. Planes of movement e. Energy systems f. Components of fitness g. Injury Analysis 2. Assessment of Athlete (12 pts) – think of yourself as their strength and conditioning specialist/personal trainer and how you would collect the necessary data to design their program a. Training Status – level (novice, intermediate, or advanced), exercise history, exercise technique experience b. Resting Measurements c. Musculoskeletal Assessment – gait, posture, squat, etc. d. Relevant Laboratory Tests – assume you have lab access e. Relevant Field Tests f. Focus of Training Program * I uploaded a Needs Analysis on triathlon (evaluation of sport only) that I wrote in the past. You can use this as a reference/guide.1 Triathlon Needs Analysis Triathlon is a sport that requires strength training, flexibility training, and endurance training for an athlete to reach peak performance. It combines the sports of swimming, biking, and running into one event. There are 4 primary triathlon event distances: sprint, Olympic/international, half-ironman, and ironman. I will focus on the Olympic distance event for this training program. An Olympic distance triathlon consists of a 1.5 km swim, 40 km bike, and 10 km run. The top professional triathletes in the world typically finish this event in less than 1 hour 50 minutes. The order of the event is always swimming followed by biking followed by running. The transition times between disciplines also factor in to the overall race time. First, the movements and muscles used in triathlon are important to know before one can understand the best way to train. All 3 disciplines of triathlon take place in the sagittal plane because all movements occur linearly. The front crawl, or freestyle, stroke is the best stroke to use in the swimming portion because it is the fastest and most efficient over a long distance. It involves concentric contractions of the latissimus dorsi and triceps brachii muscles in the upper body and the iliopsoas muscle in the lower body. Swimming is a concentric dominant sport, which is why there is little muscle breakdown relative to sports that require eccentric contractions such as running. This is one reason swimmers can tolerate high daily volumes of training. During the freestyle stroke, the athlete extends one arm forward and enters the water with their hand while the other arm is extended just beneath the surface of the water to promote glide and balance. The wrist then flexes as the arm extends in a backward direction to pull the water and produce forward movement. The legs must keep a steady kick in order to keep from drifting down in the water. One key factor in swimming efficiency is keeping the torso and legs level to reduce drag. Most of the velocity in swimming is produced from the upper body, but the legs still serve a very important role because they contribute to buoyancy and efficiency by keeping a synchronous rhythm with the upper body. Most triathletes swim with a two beat kick to conserve energy for the bike and run. This means that for every arm stroke, there is one kick. The athlete should kick one time with the opposite leg as the arm extends in the glide phase. This is an efficient long distance swimming kicking technique. Next, cycling is a sport that is also concentric dominant. The glutes, quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles all contribute to force production during cycling. The quads produce the most power during the downstroke and the hamstrings are most active during the upstroke. There are several factors contributing to cycling velocity. The first is leg power production. The amount of power produced relative to one’s body weiKINS 2722: Methods of Exercise Leadership Needs Analysis Eric C. Olson, DC, MS 1 Needs Analysis Needs analysis is a two-stage process that includes: An evaluation of the requirements and characteristics of the sport An assessment of the athlete Should be the first thing performed when obtaining a new sport or client Needs Analysis Evaluation of the sport Movement analysis: body and limb movement patterns and muscular involvement Physiological analysis: strength, power, hypertrophy, and muscular endurance priorities (energy systems used) Injury analysis: common sites for joint and muscle injury and causative factors Assessment of the athlete Training status Type of training program Length of recent regular participation in previous training programs Level of intensity involved in previous training programs Degree of exercise technique experience Needs Analysis and Training Approach Before selecting acute program variables, must determine the most appropriate training approach for your client: Muscular endurance: ability of the muscles to perform at a submaximal level for a prolonged period Muscular hypertrophy: training designed to increase lean body mass Muscular strength: maximum muscular force generation Muscular power: ability to generate high force rapidly; important for sports performance Multiple loading schemes should be implemented in a program to prevent overtraining, allow for progression, and maximize training adaptations! 4 Determining Training Status Determining Training Status 6 Needs Analysis – Olympic Distance Triathlon Race distance: 1.5 km swim, 40 km bike, 10 km run Planes of movement: sagittal Energy systems: oxidative (primary), glycolytic Muscle fibers: type 1, type 2a Components of fitness: aerobic capacity; muscular endurance; muscular strength; muscular power Primary muscle groups Swimming: latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, triceps, teres major, pectorals, abdominals, psoas Cycling: glutes, quads, hamstrings, calves Running: abdominals, glutes, quads, hamstrings, calves, soleus Injury Analysis: overuse injuries of the lower extremity (IT band syndrome, patellar tendinitis, shin splints, plantar fasciitis); swimmer’s shoulder 7 7 8 8 Needs Analysis – Olympic Distance Triathlete Anthropometric measurements: height, weight, body fat\% Physiological measurements: resting HR, BP Laboratory tests: VO2max, lactate threshold, running economy, Wingate Field Tests Flexibility: overhead squat Power: Margaria-Kalamen Stair Sprint Test Power (watts) = (weight (N) x height (m))/time Strength: incline leg press, bench press, bench pull Muscular Endurance: pull-ups Speed: 40m dash Musculoskeletal assessment: assess standing posture, range of motion – hips, back, shoulders, ankles, single leg squat, & running gait Focus of training: improve aerobic capacity, muscular endurance (quads, lats, back, core); muscular power, swimming efficiency, running ec