Fluent Essays

Spina Bifida Concept map SPINA BIFIDA Health PromotionCognitive/ Behavioral Impacts Spina Bifida Occulta (SBO) Spina Bifida Cystica (SBC) All women of childbearing age, whether they are trying to conceive or not, should consume 0.4mg of folic acid per day to prevent having a child with spina bifida; women who have previously had a child with spina bifida should consume 4mg of folic acid per day 1,645 babies are born with spina bifida every year in the United States Hispanic women have the highest rate of having a child with spina bifida Prevention Health MeasuresImpaired mobility and urinary and bowel incontinence can cause delays in developmental milestones, such as toilet training; spina bifida can also have impacts on long- term milestones like forming sexual relationships and child-bearing Complications such as hydrocephalus, seizures, and infections can cause cognitive delays Assessment Findings Lab Studies Imaging Diagnosis Environmental Factors Treatment Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations and examination of the meningeal sac Neurological exams can determine the impact on bowel and bladder function and the neuromuscular affect on the lower extremities MRIs, CTs, and ultrasounds can be used to evaluate the brain and spinal cord Prenatal ultrasounds can also be used to scan the uterus for signs of neural tube defects prior to birth Amniotic fluid can be tested during pregnancy for indications of neural tube defects, such as elevated levels of α- fetoprotein Signs & Symptoms SBO is not always apparent on inspection and may be asymptomatic Possible cutaneous manifestations include: a skin depression or dimple, dark tufts of hair, or port- wine nevi A visible, external, sac-like protrusion on the lumbrosacral area S/S vary based on the degree and location of the spinal defect, and can include: Sensory impairment, partial paralysis of the lower extremities, overflow incontinence, lack of bowel control, bladder and anal sphincter paralysis, rectal prolapse, and joint deformities Demographics Fecal continence can often be restored with proper nutrition (adequate fiber intake), regular bowel training, and constipation prevention 50-70\% of neural tube defects could be prevented with adequate folic acid intake; thus, lack of education and access to quality, fortified foods greatly increase the risk of giving birth to a child with spina bifida Surgical closure of the sac is recommended within the first 24 hours to prevent complications such as infection, rupture, and trauma to the exposed tissue Broad-spectrum antibiotics are initiated early for infection prevention Physical therapy may be necessary if there are musculoskeletal deformities Clean intermittent catheterization, temporary urinary diversion, or augmentation enterocystoplasty may be required depending on the level of bladder dysfunction A genetic anomaly resulting in a fissure in the spinal column, leaving the mSpina Bifida Concept map SPINA BIFIDA Health PromotionCognitive/ Behavioral Impacts Spina Bifida Occulta (SBO) Spina Bifida Cystica (SBC) All women of childbearing age, whether they are trying to conceive or not, should consume 0.4mg of folic acid per day to prevent having a child with spina bifida; women who have previously had a child with spina bifida should consume 4mg of folic acid per day 1,645 babies are born with spina bifida every year in the United States Hispanic women have the highest rate of having a child with spina bifida Prevention Health MeasuresImpaired mobility and urinary and bowel incontinence can cause delays in developmental milestones, such as toilet training; spina bifida can also have impacts on long- term milestones like forming sexual relationships and child-bearing Complications such as hydrocephalus, seizures, and infections can cause cognitive delays Assessment Findings Lab Studies Imaging Diagnosis Environmental Factors Treatment Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations and examination of the meningeal sac Neurological exams can determine the impact on bowel and bladder function and the neuromuscular affect on the lower extremities MRIs, CTs, and ultrasounds can be used to evaluate the brain and spinal cord Prenatal ultrasounds can also be used to scan the uterus for signs of neural tube defects prior to birth Amniotic fluid can be tested during pregnancy for indications of neural tube defects, such as elevated levels of α- fetoprotein Signs & Symptoms SBO is not always apparent on inspection and may be asymptomatic Possible cutaneous manifestations include: a skin depression or dimple, dark tufts of hair, or port- wine nevi A visible, external, sac-like protrusion on the lumbrosacral area S/S vary based on the degree and location of the spinal defect, and can include: Sensory impairment, partial paralysis of the lower extremities, overflow incontinence, lack of bowel control, bladder and anal sphincter paralysis, rectal prolapse, and joint deformities Demographics Fecal continence can often be restored with proper nutrition (adequate fiber intake), regular bowel training, and constipation prevention 50-70\% of neural tube defects could be prevented with adequate folic acid intake; thus, lack of education and access to quality, fortified foods greatly increase the risk of giving birth to a child with spina bifida Surgical closure of the sac is recommended within the first 24 hours to prevent complications such as infection, rupture, and trauma to the exposed tissue Broad-spectrum antibiotics are initiated early for infection prevention Physical therapy may be necessary if there are musculoskeletal deformities Clean intermittent catheterization, temporary urinary diversion, or augmentation enterocystoplasty may be required depending on the level of bladder dysfunction A genetic anomaly resulting in a fissure in the spinal column, leaving the m