Fluent Essays

Please find below the second part of a paper I already started. I Started this part too and added all the charts that it asks for, just missing all the methods part.  Attached you will find a sample paper that can work as guide and other resources that will be helpful. Also the rubric. Everything is APA 7th editionStimulus Materials and Researcher Instructions – Spring, 2021 – Fake News Study Instructions: This Spring, we are going to run a series of studies looking at how comments regarding “fake news” on Facebook impact participant ratings of Facebook users. Our independent variable in the study (the variable that we control) is how a Facebook user responds when others call a story the user shared “fake news”. That is, the fake news poster will either politely agree that the story was fake, politely disagree that the story was fake, or rudely disagree that the story was fake. We will measure what participants think about our fake news poster as well as the fake news itself. 1). For your first experimental study, you will play the role of researcher, and you will collect data from three different participants (though you will combine your data with other class members, so your final data set will have 100 to 140 people!). There are two phases to this study. In the first phase, you will orally ask participants if they are willing to participate in a research study. In the second phase, participants will complete a five-part survey. In Part One, participants read the Facebook page for Corey McMillan, getting some general information about Corey and looking at a recent Facebook story that Corey shared as well as several comments regarding the validity of that story. In Part Two, participants will rate their impressions of Corey (Note that the name “Corey” is gender-neutral. This way all participants can complete ratings about Corey that don’t rely on gender expectations). In Part Three, participants will rate Corey’s comments as well as the comments of two other Facebook users. In Part Four, participants will complete demographic questions. Finally, in Part Five, participants will tell us what they recall about Corey’s final response. To run this study, use the following steps: A). Your first task is to approach three different participants (not all at the same time!). Preferably, they will be people that you do not know, and cannot be taking a psychology research methods class during the Summer or Fall semester of 2020 or the current Spring 2021 semester. Please DO NOT complete this study yourself, and if possible use only FIU students as participants (no family / friends – You will use them in a later replication study toward the end of the Spring semester, and they cannot participate twice). There are 48 students in our class, so with each getting data from 3 people, our final sample will be around 140 participants total. 1). Note that there will be a “Covid alternative” to data collection if you are unable to collect data yourself. Ask your instructor about that option, but there is a good chance that you will already see some pre-completed “Covid Alternative” documents in Canvas. 2). Even if you use the “Covid Alternative”, read the information below, as it will help you write your future papers. You don’t need to mention that you used the Covid Checklist – Paper Two: Study One Methods, Results, and Discussion Use the check sheet below to make sure your paper is the best it can be! Make sure you answer “Yes” to all questions before submitting your paper! The first two sections duplicate the Paper I checklist, but those elements in purple are unique to you Methods / Results / Discussion Paper II Please note that the 7th Edition of the American Psychological Association Publication Manual has some flexibility in terms of language, font, spacing, and other items, but that papers in this course MUST adhere to the guidelines listed before. General Paper Format (This section is identical to the Paper I Checklist) Yes No 1. Is everything in your paper (including headers, the main body of your study one literature review, and references) in 12 point Times New Roman font? 2. Is everything in your paper double spaced, including references (here I mean the spacing above and below each line, not the spaces following a period)? 3. Do you have one inch margins on all sides of the paper (one inch from the top of the page, one inch from the bottom, and one inch from each side) 4. Are the first lines of all paragraphs indented roughly ½ inch? 5. Are your paragraphs aligned left? (That is, text should be flush left, with lines lining up on the left of the page, but text should NOT line up on the right side of the page – it should look ragged) 6. Do you need help figuring out how to configure a word document in APA format (inserting headers, page numbers, indents, etc.) using the professional (not student) formatting guidelines? If YES or NO, I recommend watching this video which walks you through setting up an APA formatted paper! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZTCN6yOgSg Title page (This section is nearly identical to the Paper I Checklist) Yes No Header 1. Is your header title in ALL CAPS, and is it a shorter version of your real title? 2. Is your Running head in 12 point Times New Roman font? 3. Do you have a page number that is flush right (also in 12 point Times New Roman font)? 4. Is your header title 50 characters or less (including spaces and punctuation)? Title / Name / Institution 1. Is your title focused and short, avoiding unnecessary words and abbreviations that serve no purpose (as recommended by the APA)? 2. Does your title describe your general paper theme (while avoiding something blank like “Paper Two: Methods Results, and Discussion”)? Note that your header should be a shorter version or your title (For example, the first few words are fine) 3. Do all title words with three letters or more start with a capital letter? 4. Is your title in bold? 5. If your title is longer than one line, is it double-spaced (like everything else in your paper)? 6. Are your name and institution correctCOUNTERFACTUAL THINKING 1 4 COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING: APPOINTING BLAME 2 COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING Comment by Ryan Winter: Do you know how to enter a header? Click on the “Insert” menu at the top of word, click on “Header”, and then type in the header whatever you want. Alternatively, click anywhere on the top of the page and it will open the header Counterfactual Thinking: Appointing Blame Comment by Ryan Winter: The title page here is essentially the same one from Paper I. It has the title (in APA format), author name, and university affiliation. Want my advice? If you did well on the Paper I title page, reuse it! Former Student Florida International University Methods Comment by Ryan Winter: The word Method here is centered and bolded, as is recommended by the APA Participants Comment by Ryan Winter: Participant (also bolded) is flush left One hundred and twenty six students from Florida International University were randomly selected to participate in our study. Of these 126 participants, 37\% (n = 47) were male and 63\% (n = 79) were female. Ages ranged from a minimum of 17 to a maximum of 58 with an average of 22.32 years (SD = 6.30). The sample population consisted of 68.3\% Hispanic Americans (n = 86), 8.7\% African Americans (n = 11), 19\% Caucasians (n = 24), 1.6\% Asians (n = 2), and 2.4\% who did not specify their ethnicity (n = 3). See Table 1. Comment by Ryan Winter: When a number starts a sentence, spell out the number Comment by Ryan Winter: Note the mean and standard deviation here, which is helpful for knowing about the makeup of the sample. The mean, of course, is the average Table 1 Comment by Ryan Winter: You will have at least four tables for Study One. Label them in terms of table number (and make sure to provide a callout for the table in the results section). Tables are numbered sequentially, with the word Table flush left and in bold. Demographics – Study One Comment by Ryan Winter: The table title is right above the table itself. It is flush left and is in italics. For Table 1, include all of your demographics (the statistics table, the gender table, and the ethnicity table). Note: We do not need to see the age table, which focuses on the age frequencies. It is better to use the mean age in the statistics table (rather than the age frequency in the age table). Make sure each table is flush left Materials and Procedure Comment by Ryan Winter: Also bolded and flush left. You will notice that this author combined materials and procedures, which was good for this simple study. She could have separated them, though, and talked about the taxi scenario and questionnaires in a “materials” section and the procedure separately in the “procedure” section. I like this combined choice, though, for this design. In accordance with the standardized guidelines for informed consent, prospective participants were notified of the potential risks and benefits of partResearch Study – Florida International University – Spring, 2021 Part I: Imagine you saw the following Facebook Page. Carefully read EVERYTHING on this page, as we will ask you about your impressions on the next page of this survey. Corey McMillan Corey McMillan This may not make you CNN lovers very happy! CNN News is no longer a licensed news station according to the Federal Communication Commission. They had to change their license from “news” to “entertainment.” That’s right! They legally don’t have to provide any facts in their reporting anymore. CNN is in the same category as Saturday Night Live, Tiger King, and Swamp People. If you don’t believe me, look it up yourself! AmericanPolitics.com FCC Forces CNN to change its accreditation from news to entertainment. Peyton Halliburton You know the story you shared is fake news, right? I saw the same article flagged as false the other day by independent fact checkers from Facebook. Riley Anderson Peyton is right. Unlike broadcast TV channels, cable news networks like Fox News, CNN, and MSNBC aren’t “licensed” like you imply. There is no government organization (like the FCC) that can take away a cable “news” license because such licenses never existed for cable stations. Corey McMillan You gave me some stuff to think about. Unfortunately, I was wrong. The government doesn’t regulate cable news networks. I told you to look it up if you didn’t believe me (Then I did a quick google search myself and found out you were correct!). Although the US government should hold news stations to really high standards when it comes to accuracy and truthfulness, cable news isn’t regulated. I don’t like it when people call something fake news just because if it doesn’t support their own point of view, but in this case the story I shared was fake. PA Part II: Rate your impressions of Corey McMillan, the Facebook page owner and original poster) Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Corey seems like a reasonable person 2. Corey seems like a polite person 3. Corey seems like an open-minded person 4. Corey seems to lack civility 5. Corey seems like a rude person 6. Corey seems tolerant of opposing opinions 7. Corey seems willing to mock other’s opinions 8. Corey seems like a likeable person Part III: Rate your impressions of the comments posted on Facebook by Corey McMillan (the original Facebook poster) and the replies by Peyton Halliburton and Riley Anderson. Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Before reading the comments, I suspected the story of “CNN losing its news license” was fake 2. After reading the comments, I believe the story of “CNN losing its news license” is fake 3. If I saw this Facebook conversation on my own social media, I would add my own comment 4. I think Peyton and Riley unfairly confrontedResearch Study – Florida International University – Spring, 2021 Part I: Imagine you saw the following Facebook Page. Carefully read EVERYTHING on this page, as we will ask you about your impressions on the next page of this survey. Corey McMillan Corey McMillan This may not make you CNN lovers very happy! CNN News is no longer a licensed news station according to the Federal Communication Commission. They had to change their license from “news” to “entertainment.” That’s right! They legally don’t have to provide any facts in their reporting anymore. CNN is in the same category as Saturday Night Live, Tiger King, and Swamp People. If you don’t believe me, look it up yourself! AmericanPolitics.com FCC Forces CNN to change its accreditation from news to entertainment. Peyton Halliburton You know the story you shared is fake news, right? I saw the same article flagged as false the other day by independent fact checkers from Facebook. Riley Anderson Peyton is right. Unlike broadcast TV channels, cable news networks like Fox News, CNN, and MSNBC aren’t “licensed” like you imply. There is no government organization (like the FCC) that can take away a cable “news” license because such licenses never existed for cable stations. Corey McMillan You liberal idiots never think, do you? Of course the government can regulate cable news networks when it comes to news items. Like I said, look it up if you don’t believe me (If you can pull your heads out of your butts long enough to do a quick google search you’ll find out for yourselves!). The US government holds news stations to really high standards when it comes to accuracy and truthfulness. You morons can’t call the story I shared fake just because it doesn’t support your own point of view. RD Part II: Rate your impressions of Corey McMillan, the Facebook page owner and original poster) Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Corey seems like a reasonable person 2. Corey seems like a polite person 3. Corey seems like an open-minded person 4. Corey seems to lack civility 5. Corey seems like a rude person 6. Corey seems tolerant of opposing opinions 7. Corey seems willing to mock other’s opinions 8. Corey seems like a likeable person Part III: Rate your impressions of the comments posted on Facebook by Corey McMillan (the original Facebook poster) and the replies by Peyton Halliburton and Riley Anderson. Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Before reading the comments, I suspected the story of “CNN losing its news license” was fake 2. After reading the comments, I believe the story of “CNN losing its news license” is fake 3. If I saw this Facebook conversation on my own social media, I would add my own comment 4. I think Peyton and Riley unfairly confronted Corey in their replies to Corey’s original postResearch Study – Florida International University – Spring, 2021 Part I: Imagine you saw the following Facebook Page. Carefully read EVERYTHING on this page, as we will ask you about your impressions on the next page of this survey. Corey McMillan Corey McMillan This may not make you CNN lovers very happy! CNN News is no longer a licensed news station according to the Federal Communication Commission. They had to change their license from “news” to “entertainment.” That’s right! They legally don’t have to provide any facts in their reporting anymore. CNN is in the same category as Saturday Night Live, Tiger King, and Swamp People. If you don’t believe me, look it up yourself! AmericanPolitics.com FCC Forces CNN to change its accreditation from news to entertainment. Peyton Halliburton You know the story you shared is fake news, right? I saw the same article flagged as false the other day by independent fact checkers from Facebook. Riley Anderson Peyton is right. Unlike broadcast TV channels, cable news networks like Fox News, CNN, and MSNBC aren’t “licensed” like you imply. There is no government organization (like the FCC) that can take away a cable “news” license because such licenses never existed for cable stations. Corey McMillan You gave me some stuff to think about. Unfortunately, you guys are wrong. Of course the government can regulate cable networks when it comes to news items. Like I said, look it up if you don’t believe me (If you do a quick google search I’m sure you’ll find that out for yourselves!). The US government holds news stations to really high standards when it comes to accuracy and truthfulness. You can’t call the story I shared fake news just because it doesn’t support your own point of view. PD Part II: Rate your impressions of Corey McMillan, the Facebook page owner and original poster) Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Corey seems like a reasonable person 2. Corey seems like a polite person 3. Corey seems like an open-minded person 4. Corey seems to lack civility 5. Corey seems like a rude person 6. Corey seems tolerant of opposing opinions 7. Corey seems willing to mock other’s opinions 8. Corey seems like a likeable person Part III: Rate your impressions of the comments posted on Facebook by Corey McMillan (the original Facebook poster) and the replies by Peyton Halliburton and Riley Anderson. Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Before reading the comments, I suspected the story of “CNN losing its news license” was fake 2. After reading the comments, I believe the story of “CNN losing its news license” is fake 3. If I saw this Facebook conversation on my own social media, I would add my own comment 4. I think Peyton and Riley unfairly confronted Corey in their replies to Corey’s original post 5. ReadinFACEBOOK RUDENESS 10 Facebook Rudeness: Is Facebook a Platform that Unites or Separates? Andreina E. Corral B Florida International University Methods Participants There were 187 participants. Of these, 100 were male (53.5\%) and 87 were female (46.5\%). The age of the sample ranged from 16 to 59 (M = 25.35, SD = 9.12). This included 25.1\% Caucasian (N= 45), 47.6\% Hispanic (N = 89), 1.6\% Native American (N = 3), 16.6\% African American (N = 31), 4.3\% Asian (N = 8), and 4.8\% of participants reporting “Other” (N = 9) Table 1 Demographics- Study One Age Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 16 1 .5 .5 .5 17 3 1.6 1.6 2.1 18 18 9.6 9.6 11.8 19 11 5.9 5.9 17.6 20 16 8.6 8.6 26.2 21 28 15.0 15.0 41.2 22 19 10.2 10.2 51.3 23 28 15.0 15.0 66.3 24 8 4.3 4.3 70.6 25 5 2.7 2.7 73.3 26 4 2.1 2.1 75.4 27 11 5.9 5.9 81.3 29 3 1.6 1.6 82.9 31 1 .5 .5 83.4 32 5 2.7 2.7 86.1 33 3 1.6 1.6 87.7 34 1 .5 .5 88.2 35 1 .5 .5 88.8 38 2 1.1 1.1 89.8 42 1 .5 .5 90.4 43 4 2.1 2.1 92.5 45 4 2.1 2.1 94.7 46 1 .5 .5 95.2 48 2 1.1 1.1 96.3 50 1 .5 .5 96.8 53 1 .5 .5 97.3 56 1 .5 .5 97.9 59 4 2.1 2.1 100.0 Total 187 100.0 100.0 Materials and Procedure Results Table 2 Cross-tabs and Chi Square- Study One Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Condition (1 = RD, 2 = PD, 3 = PA) * Attention Check (1 = RD, 2 = PD, 3 = PA) 187 100.0\% 0 0.0\% 187 100.0\% Condition (1 = RD, 2 = PD, 3 = PA) * Attention Check (1 = RD, 2 = PD, 3 = PA) Crosstabulation Attention Check (1 = RD, 2 = PD, 3 = PA) Rude Disagree (RD) Condition (1 = RD, 2 = PD, 3 = PA) Rude Disagree (RD) Count 46 \% within Condition (1 = RD, 2 = PD, 3 = PA) 69.7\% Polite Disagree (PD) Count 19 \% within Condition (1 = RD, 2 = PD, 3 = PA) 28.8\% Polite Agree (PA) Count 3 \% within Condition (1 = RD, 2 = PD, 3 = PA) 5.5\% Total Count 68 \% within Condition (1 = RD, 2 = PD, 3 = PA) 36.4\% Condition (1 = RD, 2 = PD, 3 = PA) * Attention Check (1 = RD, 2 = PD, 3 = PA) Crosstabulation Attention Check (1 = RD, 2 = PD, 3 = PA) Polite Disagree (PD) Condition (1 = RD, 2 = PD,