Fluent Essays

Please look at the grading rubric.  Paper should be in APA style. For the Results part include very table from the reports provided in the right order.  Reference minimum is 8 (please use scholar journals), and has to alphabetically organized.General Microbiology Spring 2022 Final Lab Report Grading Rubric Section Portion Explanation Points Introduction 2-3 paragraphs (7 points) Background information Description of why isolation/identification of bacteria is important (1) and importance of microbiology is addressed (1). Should include citations here to support all information addressed (1) 3 Purpose of the experiment stated Student states the purpose behind conducting the experiment 1 Summary of methodology addressing all parts of the experiment. Should include: 1 Serial dilution, viable titer, isolation, colony morphology, cellular morphology, biochemical tests, selective differential media, API, Bergey’s, and Kirby Bauer There should be NO mention of their bacterial unknown’s identity in the introduction Research Questions that encompass ALL parts of the experiment There should be a minimum of 2 questions in question format that address identification of an unknown bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity. 2 Students can choose to address multiple questions for each part of the experiment but must encompass all parts, not just some. Results No more than 8 tables (no more than 10 pages) 2-3 paragraphs for written portion (23 points) Week 3: Table showing three dilution plates (0.25) with population survey (including unique colonies) and general colony morphology descriptions of the colonies on the plate (0.25) Students address and fully explain if the patterns in dilution among the three plates make sense. (0.5) Descriptions of chosen colony (only one included- five colonies and two isolation streaks were conducted in class but only one was chosen) (0.5) and gram stains 40x and 100x pictures with cellular morphology included (0.5) 2 Dilution and Viable Titer Dilution, dilution factor, CFU and Viable Titer present, and information correct (0.25 each) 1 Week 4/5: Isolation plate present with full colony morphology (7 characteristics: shape, size, color, margin, elevation etc.) (0.5) Comparison of colony morphology to the previous (original) colony morphology (0.5) 1 Isolation and Gram Stains Both gram stains present (40x and 100x objective) – (0.5) 2 With shape, arrangement, color, and gram stain category listed and explained, student states correctly objective/ magnification (0.5) If stains do not match or are mixed, a statement of possible error that occurred is included. If they do match, a statement included about this. (0.5) Comparison of the gram stain results to the previous (original) morphology and explanation on why (0.5) Week 6: Biochemical Tests All tests mentioned. 5.5 (11 tests) In results column, students must mention for each test: positive/negative, color and pH (0.25 for each test) In description column, students must mention for each test: overall reaction that occurred or enzyme that is present and any other characteristicsMCB3020L General Microbiology Laboratory Activity #3 Section: U01 Lab Title: Further Isolation of Bacterial Sample: Characterization, Gram Staining and Re-streaking. Date: 02/15/20222 Student Name: Thalia Ramos Gigato. Student ID: 6141550 CLASS ACTIVITY WORKSHEET Table 1: Isolation of chosen colony #1 Note: Some of this information is obtained from your previous class activity. Sample Picture Description Isolated streak on nutrient agar plate #1 Colony Morphology: Size: small Shape: punctiform Color: creamy white Margins: even Elevation: flat Surface: smooth Opacity: opaque Other: They aren’t as much spread out as the plates from last week. Does this match the previous colony chosen from serial dilution plates? Why or why not? Yes, they have the same colony morphology. Is it pure? Why or why not? They look about the same. Gram stains of tertiary streak 40x objective Cellular Morphology: Size: small Shape: rods Arrangement: cluster Color: pink Staining characteristics: Gram negative, thin peptidoglycan. Potential errors? None Do the 40x and 100x pictures match? Why or why not? Yes, because the bacteria look the same. Does this Gram stain result match the previous colony (obtained from serial dilution)? Why or why not? Yes, because the still have rod shape and are gram negative. Is it pure? Why or why not? Yes, because they have the same characteristics. Gram stains of tertiary streak 100x objective Gram stains of tertiary streak 40x objective Cellular Morphology: Size: small Shape: rods Arrangement: cluster Color: pink Staining characteristics: gram negative, thin peptidoglycan Potential errors? None Do the 40x and 100x pictures match? Why or why not? Yes, because they have the same chape, color, and arrangement. Does this Gram stain result match the previous colony (obtained from serial dilution)? Why or why not? Yes, because the bacteria is negative and present rod shape. Is it pure? Why or why not? Yes, because they look the same. Gram stains of tertiary streak 100x objective Gram stains of the Tail Region 40x objective Cellular Morphology: Size: small Shape: rods Arrangement: cluster Color: pink Staining characteristics: gram negative, thin peptidoglycan Potential errors? None Do the 40x and 100x pictures match? Why or why not? Yes, because the bacteria have the same shape, color, and arrangement. Does this Gram stain result match the previous colony (obtained from serial dilution)? Why or why not? Yes, because it shows the same results. Is it pure? Why or why not? Yes, because they share the same characteristics. Gram stains of the Tail Region 100x objective Gram stains of the Tail Region 40x objective Cellular Morphology: Size: small Shape: rods Arrangement: cluster Color: pink Staining characteristics: gram negative,Activity #4 Section: U01 Lab Title: Biochemical Testing of Isolated Bacterial Cultures. Date: 02-22-2022 Student Name: Thalia Ramos Gigato Student ID: 611550 Table 1: Isolation of chosen colony #1 Sample Picture Description Chosen nutrient agar plate with isolated streak Colony Morphology: Size: small Shape: punctiform Color: creamy white Margins: even Elevation: flat Surface: smooth Opacity: opaque Does this match the previous colony chosen from previous isolation streak? Why or why not? The plate has the same characteristics as the previous ones, the only difference was that this one has more bacteria on the tail region than the previous. Is it pure? Why or why not? Yes, it is pure because the bacteria look the same throughout the plate. Gram stain 40x objective Cellular Morphology: Size: small Shape: rods Arrangement: clustered Color: pink Staining characteristics: Gram negative, thin peptidoglycan Potential errors? N/A Do the 40x and 100x pictures match? Why or why not? Yes, they match because the bacteria have the same cellular morphology. Does this Gram stain result match the previous colony (obtained from isolation streak last week)? Why or why not? Yes, the Gram stain match the previous colony because the bacteria is pink meaning Gram negative with a thin peptidoglycan. Is it pure? Why? Yes, it is pure because the have the same color, arrangement, and shape. 100x objective 1Activity #1 Section: U01 Lab Title: Introduction to Staining. Student Name: Thalia Ramos Gigato Date: 01/25/2022 Student ID: 6141550 Staining Technique Species Objective Picture Description Cellular Morphology Simple Stain Yeast- crystal violet 40x Shape: cocci Arrangement: Clustered Color: Purple Staining characteristics: Crystal Violet Gram positive Simple Stain Yeast- Safranin 40x Shape: cocci Arrangement: clustered Color: pink Staining characteristics: Safranin Gram negative Gram Stain Escherichia coli 40x Shape: rods Arrangement: mostly in pairs Color: pink Staining characteristics: Gram negative Gram Stain Staphylococcus aureus 40x Shape: rods Arrangement: clustered Color: purple Staining characteristics: Crystal violet, Safranin Gram positive Gram Stain Bacillus megaterium (24h) 40x Shape: rods Arrangement: clustered Color: purple Staining characteristics: Crystal violet, safranin Gram positive Gram Stain Bacillus megaterium (48h) 40x Shape: rods Arrangement: clumped Color: purple Staining characteristics: Crystal violet, safranin Gram positive Gram Stain Mycobacterium sp. 40x Shape: cocci Arrangement: clustered Color: pink Staining characteristics: Gram negative Acid fast stain Staphylococcus aureus 40x Shape: spherical Arrangement: clumped Color: purple/blue Staining characteristics: Gram positive Acid fast stain Mycobacterium sp. 40x Shape: rod Arrangement: in chains Color: pink Staining characteristics: Carbol fuchsin, acid alcohol, methylene blue. Gram positive Note: The results aren’t consistent since the color should be purple, this might be caused by a cross-contamination. Spores Stain Bacillus megaterium (24h) 40x Shape: rods Arrangement: clumped Color: purple Staining characteristics: Gram positive Spores Stain Bacillus megaterium (48h) 40x Shape: rods Arrangement: clustered Color: purple Staining characteristics: Gram positiveMCB3020L General Microbiology Laboratory CLASS ACTIVITY WORKSHEET Section: U01 Group: 5 Environment: Plant Name: Thalia Ramos ID: 6141550 Date: 03/08/2022 Title: Biochemical Testing- Selective vs. Differential Media. Table 1: Test Picture Result Description OF Medium Tube with Oil (anaerobic): Reaction: positive Color: yellowish pH: acidic conditions Metabolic reaction: Glucose wasn’t breaking down for the tube without oil, but it was broken down for the tube with oil meaning that the bacteria was able to fermentatively metabolize glucose. Enzymatic activity: Not applicable. Other: The unknown bacteria is anaerobic. Tube without Oil (aerobic): Reaction: negative Color: green pH: oxidative Kligler’s Triple Iron Agar Reaction: -- positive/negative? Positive Color: red slant and yellowish butt. pH: acidic Other: No gas and no H2S present Metabolic reaction: Glucose is only breaking down (fermented) Enzymatic activity: Other: The yellow color at the but is super light but it differentiates. Litmus Milk Reaction: -- positive/negative? positive Color: blue pH: alkaline (basic) Other: Casein was breaking down into smaller components Metabolic reaction: Protein casein was metabolized Enzymatic activity: Lactose wasn’t fermented. Other: Unknown bacterial utilized milk components to metabolize. Nitrate Reduction Reaction: -- positive/negative? Positive Color didn’t change Color: no color change pH: basic Other: color looks light/clear yellowish Metabolic reaction: Nitrates have been broken down. Enzymatic activity: Nitrates are not in the solution Other: Bacteria didn’t break down nitrates into nitrites. Zinc was added. Gelatin Hydrolysis Reaction: -- positive/negative? Negative Color: light/clear yellow pH: acidic Other: Stay solid even after ice bath. Metabolic reaction: No liquefaction occurred meaning that gelatin wasn’t removed. Enzymatic activity: Gelatinase didn’t break down gelatin. Other: Gelatin wasn’t removed Urease Reaction: -- positive/negative? Positive Color: pink agar- clear bacteria pH: alkaline (basic) Other: Can’t even differentiate between the colonies and the agar. Metabolic reaction: Urea was broken down by urease Enzymatic activity: Urea was broken down by urease enzyme Other: Ammonia formation Starch Hydrolysis Reaction: -- positive/negative? Positive Color: purple in agar and yellowish in the bacteria colonies. pH: acidic Other: after a while colony turned whiter. Metabolic reaction: Iodine turned purple in the presence of starch. Enzymatic activity: alpha amylase hasn’t break down starch because still present in the agar plate. Methyl Red (48 hours) Reaction: -- positive/negative? negative Color: yellow pH: basic Metabolic reaction: No fermentation was used Enzymatic activity: NActivity #2 Section: U01 Lab Title: Isolation and Identification of Bacteria from Wild Samples. Date: 02/08/2022 Student Name: Thalia Ramos Gigato Student ID: 6141550 Table 1: Population survey of environmental sample Environment Picture Description Dilution Factor Viable Titer Plant Population Survey Unique colonies: 22 Colony Morphology: Size: small Shape: punctiform Color: creamy white Margins: even Elevation: flat Surface: smooth Opacity: opaque Other: spread out, more in the right side. 102 CFU: 22 Viable Titer: 2.2x10^4 CFU/mL Calculations. (22CFU/0.1mL) x10^2 = 22,000 = 2.2x10^4 CFU/mL Population Survey Unique colonies: N/A Colony Morphology: Size: N/A Shape: N/A Color: N/A Margins: N/A Elevation: N/A Surface: N/A Opacity: N/A Other: No colonies presented in the plate. 104 CFU: No colonies viable Titer: Cannot be calculated Calculations N/A Population Survey Unique colonies: 33 Colony Morphology Size: small Shape: punctiform Color: creamy white Margins: even Elevation: flat Surface: smooth Opacity: opaque Other: The colonies appear smaller than the colonies on the plate 10^2 106 CFU: 33 Viable Titer 3.3x10^8 CFU/mL Calculations (33 CFU/0.1mL) x10^6= 330,000,000= 3.3x10^8 CFU/mL The first plate has many colonies but not as much as the third plate, while the second plate doesn’t have any colonies present, just appear sweaty. Also, the colonies on the 10^6 plate are smaller than the ones presented in the 10^2 plate. Table 2: Gram Stains characterization of chosen colonies Isolated Colony Dilution Picture Description Picture Description Section: U01 Group: 5 Colony #1 10^-2 Colony Morphology: Size: small Shape: circular Color: creamy white Margins: even Elevation: flat Surface: smooth Opacity: opaque 40x objective Cellular Morphology: Size: small Shape: rods Arrangement: clustered, bacillus Color: pink Staining characteristics: The stain was pink indicating being Gram negative. 100x objective Colony #2 10^2 Colony Morphology: Size: small Shape: circular Color: creamy white Margins: even Elevation: flat Surface: smooth Opacity: opaque 40x objective Cellular Morphology: Size: small Shape: cocci Arrangement: clumped, streptococcus Color: pink Staining characteristics: Since the stain turned pink indicates being Gram negative. 100x objective Table 3: Other characterized colonies Isolated Colony Dilution Picture Description Picture Description Colony #3 10^2 Colony Morphology: Size: small Shape: circular Color: creamy white Margins: even Elevation: flat Surface: smooth Opacity: opaque 40x objective Cellular Morphology: Size: small Shape: rods ArrangemCLASS ACTIVITY WORKSHEET Section: U01 Group: #5 Environment: Plant Name: Thalia Ramos Gigato ID: 6141550 Date: 03/15/2022 Lab Title: Advanced Biochemical Testing and Bergey’s Manual of Bacteriology Identification. Table 1: Test Picture Result Description Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) Reaction: NOT APPLICABLE No colonies grew on the plate. Color: clear pH: Not applicable Other: No presence of colonies. Metabolic reaction: No bacteria was able to grow in either differential or selective medium. Enzymatic activity: Based on what we can observe no bacteria grew on the plate meaning that it wasn’t halophile or halotolerant. Other: No acidic fermentation of mannitol sugar present. Type of bacteria based on selective or differential properties. Not applicable because no bacteria grew on the plate. Eosin-Y Methylene Blue Agar (EMB) Reaction: positive/negative? Negative Color: cream light purple pH: acidic Other: Can really observe well on the picture but it was a creamy light purple color. Metabolic reaction: The agar is mainly used as a differential medium, but it also contains lactose that when fermented gives a creamy purple color as a result. Enzymatic activity: Lactose was not fermented. Type of bacteria based on selective or differential properties. Gram-negative non-lactose utilizer. Blood Agar Reaction: Negative Color: white/transparent pH: alkaline Other: Gamma-hemolysis Metabolic reaction: Bacteria grew on the plate, but it didn’t cause hemolysis of red blood cells. Enzymatic activity: Differential medium is used in the plate to distinguish the two types of hemolysis, but no destruction of red blood cells occurred. Type of bacteria based on selective or differential properties. Gram negative bacteria. MacConkey Agar Reaction: Positive Color: pink pH: alkaline Other: In the picture doesn’t look too pink. Metabolic reaction: The medium is both selective and differential but since it turned to be pink the bacteria used differential medium because lactose fermenting colonies are present. Enzymatic activity: Lactose was fermented. Type of bacteria based on selective or differential properties. Gram-negative Table 2: API Test Picture Reactions Colony morphology: Oxidase: Catalase: List each test and its result- including OX (positive/negative and reaction that occurred) ONPG: Negative DAH: Positive LDC: Negative ODC: Negative CIT: Negative H2S: Negative URE: Positive. It wasn’t yellow but since it had a color change it’s considered positive. TDA: Positive IND: Negative VP: Negative GEL: Negative GLU: Positive. No color change indicating the presence of ammonium. MAN: Negative INO: Negative SOR: Negative RHA: Negative SAC: Positive MEL: Negative AMY: Negative ARA: Positive List the 7-digit MCB3020L General Microbiology Laboratory Lab #9: Section: U01 Group: #5 Environment: Plant Name: Thalia Ramos Gigato ID: 6141550 Date: 03/22/2022 Lab Title: Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophages. CLASS ACITIVITY WORKSHEET Note: Highlight those rows in which the obtained result does not match the expected results. Use superscript to indicate in-text citations for your results. Test Obtained Result Expected Result Insert name of bacterial species obtained from API system here: Proteus penneri OF medium With oil: + Without oil: - -1 Kligler’s Triple Iron Agar + +2 Litmus Milk + +2 Urease + +2 Starch Hydrolysis + +2 Nitrate Reduction + +2 Gelatin Hydrolysis - -2 Methyl Red - -2 Voges-Proskauer - +2 Oxidase - -1 Catalase + +1 Blood Agar - -2 MacConkey Agar + +2 EMB (Lactose) - -2 MSA (Mannitol) Not Applicable +2 List the 20 (or 50) names from your specific API test kit in the following rows. ONPG - -2 DAH + +2 LDC - -2 ODC - -2 CIT - -2 H2S - -2 URE + +2 TDA + +2 IND - -2 VP - -2 GEL - -2 GLU + -2 MAN - -2 INO - -2 SOR - +2 RHA - +2 SAC + +2 MEL - +2 AMY - +2 ARA + +2 1Bergey’s Manual, 2nd Edition, 2004 2National Library of Medicine, 2016. Question: (A) Which results/tests were repeated in our experiments? List them. The URE test was repeated, and it was positive for both. (B) For each test, did the results match or not? Some did match but 6 of them didn’t (highlighted ones). 1