Fluent Essays

Module 06 Content 1. Top of Form Conduct an assessment on the following body system:  · Skin You may conduct the assessment on a fellow student, friend, or family member. Remember to secure their permission. Collect both subjective and objective data using the process described in the textbook. Review the Evolve resources & video on Skin located in the Overview tab under Module 6 Write a summary of the assessment and the skills utilized. Do not disclose any patient identifiers. 1. What skills (assessment techniques) were utilized during the assessment? 1. What subjective data did you collect? (list your findings) 1. What objective data did you collect? (list your findings  APA format isnt required. Submit your completed assignment by following the directions linked below. Please check the Course Calendar  for specific due dates. Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document. (Mac users, please remember to append the .docx extension to the filename.) The name of the file should be your first initial and last name, followed by an underscore and the name of the assignment, and an underscore and the date. An example is shown below: Jstudent_exampleproblem_101504 Rubric for assignment: Novice Competent Proficient Technique Technique not identified. Findings incomplete. Technique identified. Only answered one question in the summary. Technique utilized clearly identified, detailed answers to questions included in the summary. Summary of Assessment Summary includes minimal details of the assessment. Summary includes some details of the assessment performed. Summary inclusive of in depth discussion of assessment performed. 10 points 1-6 points 7-9 points 10 points Bottom of Form Entire Volume - Nose, Mouth, and Neck | Bates Visual Guide (batesvisualguide.com)Chapter 14 Head, Face, and Neck, and Regional Lymphatics Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Copyright 2015 Structure and Function: Head (1 of 2) Skull is rigid box that protects brain. Includes bones of cranium and face Supported by cervical vertebra Cranial bones Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Sutures—adjacent cranial bones mesh at sutures Coronal Sagittal Lambdoid Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Structure and Function: Head (2 of 2) 14 facial bones also articulate at sutures. Facial expressions formed by facial muscles, which are mediated by cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve Two pairs of salivary glands accessible to examination on the face: Parotid glands are in cheeks over mandible, anterior to and below ear; the largest of salivary glands, they are not normally palpable. Submandibular glands beneath mandible at angle of jaw Third pair, sublingual glands, lies in floor of mouth. Temporal artery lies superior to temporalis muscle, and pulsation is palpable anterior to ear. Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Structure: Head Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Structure and Function: Neck Neck delimited by Base of skull and inferior border of mandible above, and by manubrium sterni, clavicle, first rib, and first thoracic vertebra below Think of neck as conduit of many structures. Vessels, muscles, nerves, lymphatics, and viscera of respiratory and digestive systems Internal carotid branches off common carotid and runs inward and upward to supply brain. External carotid supplies face, salivary glands, and superficial temporal area. Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Structure and Function: Neck Muscles Major neck muscles Sternomastoid and trapezius are innervated by cranial nerve XI. Sternomastoid enables Head rotation and flexion and divides each side of neck into two triangles: anterior and posterior triangles Two trapezius muscles move shoulders and extend and turn head. Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Structure and Function: Thyroid Endocrine gland Straddles trachea in middle of the neck Synthesizes and secretes Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are hormones that stimulate rate of cellular metabolism The gland has two lobes Connected in middle by a thin isthmus and above that by the cricoid cartilage or upper tracheal ring Thyroid cartilage Small palpable notch in upper edge (“Adam’s apple” in males) Cricoid cartilage or upper tracheal ring Isthmus of the thyroid gland Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Structures of Neck Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Structure and Function: Lymphatic System Major part of immune system Detects and eliminates foreign substances from body Rich supply of lymph nodes Greatest supply is in head and neck. Lymphatic drainage Helps to prevent potentially harmfulChapter 13 Skin, Hair, and Nails 1 Copyright 2015 Structure: Skin Think of skin as body’s largest organ system. Covers 20 square feet of surface area in adults Skin is the sentry that guards body. Skin has two layers Epidermis: outer highly differentiated layer Basal cell layer forms new skin cells. Outer horny cell layer of dead keratinized cells Dermis: inner supportive layer Connective tissue or collagen Elastic tissue Beneath these layers is a subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue. Stores fat for energy, provides insulation for temperature control and aids in protection Layers of Skin Copyright 2015 Derived from three sources: Melanin—brown pigment Carotene—yellow-orange pigment Red purple tones in the underlying vascular bed All individuals have varying amounts (red, yellow, and brown). With the relative proportion affecting prevailing color Also modified by thickness of skin and presence of edema Skin Color Hair, Sebaceous Glands and Sweat Glands Structures formed by tubular invagination of epidermis down into underlying dermis Hair Sebaceous glands Sweat glands: important for fluid balance and thermoregulation Eccrine glands Apocrine glands Hair Threads of keratin—hair shaft and bulb matrix Types of hair—vellus and terminal Follicle—cyclical with active and resting phases Sebaceous glands Sebum—secreted lipid substance through hair follicles Lubricate skin and form emulsion Sweat glands Eccrine produce sweat. Apocrine produce milky secretion and open into hair follicles. Nails Hard plates of keratin on dorsal edges of fingers and toes Hair, Sebaceous Glands, Sweat Glands and Nails Structure of Nails Skin Function Skin is waterproof, protective, and adaptive Protection from environment Prevents penetration Perception Temperature regulation Identification Communication Wound repair Absorption and excretion Production of vitamin D Developmental Competence: Infants, Children, and Adolescents Newborn infants Lanugo: fine downy hair of newborn infant Vernix caseosa: thick, cheesy substance Sebum: holding water in the skin producing milia Children Epidermis thickens, darkens, and becomes lubricated. Hair growth accelerates. Adolescents Secretions from apocrine sweat glands increase. Subcutaneous fat deposits increase. Secondary sex characteristics Developmental Competence: The Pregnant Woman Increase in metabolism leads to increase secretion of sweat and sebaceous glands to dissipate heat. Expected skin color changes due to increased hormone levels. Fat deposits are laid down as maternal reserves for nursing baby. Developmental Competence: The Aging Adult Elasticity Loses elasticity; skinfolds and sags Sweat and sebaceous glands Decrease in number and function, leaving skin dry Senile purpura Discoloration due to increasing capillary fragility Skin breakdown due to multiple factors Cell replacement is slower and wound healing is delayed. Hair matrix Functioning melanocytes decrease, leading to g