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Please help with assignment1 Aggression in Children Martha Ramsey Saint Leo University Research Methods I: PSY-530 Instructor Lara Ault July 3, 2022 bold your title name and institution appear on separate lines 1 2 2 Aggression in Children Introduction Aggression in children is the first symptom of many underlying issues. Occasional outbursts of aggression in children are expected, but if it frequently occurs in a pattern, it is regarded as a problem (Masud et al., 2019). Additionally, if not well-checked, aggression in children can be detrimental to their health. Sometimes it is forceful, inappropriate, non-adaptive, verbal, or physical activities designed to pursue personal interest. As of 2010, statistics have shown that aggression in children was reportedly at 35\% in South Asian countries. Based on the current statistics, they demand a lot of hard work to be done for the behavior modification of children. The key to handling the behavior is understanding the factors that trigger aggression in children (Martinelli et al., 2018). The neurobiological theories affirm that low serotonin levels and increased operations of dopamine and epinephrine are linked with aggressive behaviors. In comparison, neuroimaging studies have shown that aggressive behaviors are linked with abnormalities associated with the cerebral cortexs limbic, frontal, and temporal lobes (Perrotta & Fabiano, 2021). This research paper aims to discuss and provide an overview of the causes and effects of aggressive behaviors in children. Research Questions What are the gender differences in aggression? Hypothesis Boys are considered to be more physically aggressive than girls. source? why are we focusing on South Asia here? citation? in comparison to what? isnt this already quite well established? 3 4 5 6 7 3 Literature Review Several research studies have affirmed that aggression in children has become a significant concern in modern society. For example, in his research, Cuellar (2015) argues that. Mental and behavioral disorders of children trigger their aggression behaviors, which may be detected and treated in any number of settings, including a pediatricians or psychologists office, schools, and the juvenile justice system. Additionally, Shamsa (2014), in his research, affirms that psychologically, aggressive children remain unhappy, upset, and distressed to the point of indulging in fighting with others and ending their conversations in conflict. As a result, these children are at a high risk of developing psychiatric problems (Pouw et al., 2015). Research also shows that aggression in children can emanate from media violence, prior experiences, and actual trauma that could trigger the fight response within the nervous system. The existence of unhealthy relationships and communication gaps between parents and children also play a critical part in affecting their behaviors. (Fikkers et al., 21 7 Results and Discussion Draft: Aggression in Children Martha Ramsey Saint Leo University Research Methods II: PSY 535 Instructor Keith Burton August 7, 2022 Analysis In the analysis, a few items will be measured: the frequency of children being aggressive towards others. Two types of aggressiveness will be measured, relational aggressiveness and physical aggressiveness. Two scales will be used to combine the scores: the relational aggressiveness scale (RAS) and the physical aggressiveness scale (PAS). The scores for each scale will range from 0 to 5, where the scale measures the number of instances or times the children will have been aggressive towards their colleagues. A score of 0 means that the child is not aggressive, a scale of 1 means that the child is slightly aggressive, two means that the child is relatively aggressive, three means that the child is aggressive, 4 means the more aggressive, and five means that the highly aggressive. With six questions, each with an option to score a maximum of 5 points and a minimum of 0, each type of aggressiveness will have a possible total score of 30. The two types of aggressiveness will thus have a cumulative maximum score of 60, whereas the least score is 0 for each participant or response received. In the two scales, if more than 4 item questions are missing, the response will be disregarded and not included in the analysis. If three or fewer items are missing from each scale, then the average of the answered items will be awarded to the missing items used in the analysis. The scores for each scale will be added based on the gender and their averages determined. The averages will be compared between the genders to identify the possible patterns. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results In PAS, using excel, a comparison between each of the six items being examined will be made. This will show between each element of the PAS scale which gender has the highest scores. In RAS, using excel, a comparison button for each of the six items being examined will be made. This will show between each element of the RAS scale which gender has the highest scores. Comparisons will be done between the sums of variables for the two genders. The results will be able to depict the gender that is more aggressive relationally and more aggressive physically. The overall mean scores across the genders based on the two scales will be computed and compared. The largest mean between the genders will imply the more aggressive gender. Using excel, a Pearson’s R-value will be calculated to establish whether there is a relationship between relational aggressiveness and physical aggressiveness in boys and girls separately. Discussion Aggressiveness tends to occur in two different types: relationally and physically. Both boys and girls are expected to exhibit these characteristics separately. A boy is expected to be more relationally aggressive than physically a1 2 Hypothesis: Aggression in Children Martha Ramsey Saint Leo University Research Methods II: PSY 535 Instructor Keith Burton July 24, 2022 Anger problems frequently coexist with other mental health difficulties in children, such as ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism, and Tourettes syndrome. Aggression may be influenced by biological factors such as genetics. Additionally, the environment plays a role. The following are some elements that raise the risk of violent behaviour being a target of sexual or physical abuse, a target of bullying community violence exposure and hereditary variables within the family. Also, frustration aggression may be a symptom in children with cognitive or communicative issues, including autism. As a result of their inability to express their emotions verbally and trouble managing their fear or irritation, children with these problems frequently become aggressive (Coyne, 2010). It is simple to control and manage aggression when one is aware of the elements that lead to the condition of anger. According to neurobiological theories, aggressive behaviour in children is closely related to low serotonin levels and elevated dopamine and epinephrine activity. Additionally, research has demonstrated that aggression is a highly forceful, improper, and non-adaptive verbal or physical strategy meant to advance personal interests. The main basis for a number of elements that influence the emergence of aggressive behaviours is found in gender disparities in aggression. Hypothesis Boys are considered to be more physically aggressive than girls. Research methodology Based on the research topics pertaining to big data in large cities, this methodology will comprise a systematic way of compiling, critically assessing, integrating, and presenting findings from various research investigations. Data on childrens self-reported relational and physical aggressiveness from various nations will be used in the study to address these challenges. Childrens homes will get letters outlining the study, and if the parents agree to have their contact information used for the study, they will be requested to return a completed form. Following that, families will be included in the study up until the desired sample size is reached in each nation (Lochman et al., 2012). Families of kids from private and public schools will be sampled in about the same proportion to how they will be represented in the citys population, in order to make each states sample as representative of the city from which it will be taken as possible. Additionally, a sample of children from schools serving families from high-, middle-, and low-income levels will be drawn, roughly according to how these income brackets will be represented in the local population. Procedure and measures The Behavior Frequency Scale will be applied to gauge relational and physical aggressiveness that is self-reported. Children will bMod 6 - Rough Draft of Final Paper The draft should include an APA style title page, an abstract, a reasonably detailed introduction, a specific and replicable method section, and references (at least 10 peer-reviewed). Please see Final Proposal Paper Rubric to guide your work. Please try not to copy and paste, when the instructor submits it into turnitin; Sweet Study shows up as if it was plagiarism. 1. Please read the introduction paper and view all comments made by instructor. 2. Please read Results and Discussion paper; the feedback to piggy off of is located at the bottom of the paper in red. 3. Please read the Hypothesis paper; the feedback to piggy off is located at the bottom of the paper in red. Again, please do not copy and paste