Fluent Essays

Phase 3-Implementation (Due by WEEK 9) Phase 3 of the research project is the implementation phase. The implementation phase will be written state as we will not be implementing the actual project. This phase focuses on providing steps by steps instructions on how the program will be implemented, a table describing the time frame of the project, if any budget needs to be considering, and any resources or statistically tools required. The length of this paper should be around 5-6 pages. Outstanding 10 points Very Good 8 points Good 6 Points Unacceptable 4 points Integration of Knowledge 12.5\% The paper demonstrates that the author understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. Concepts are integrated into the writer’s own insights. The writer provides concluding remarks that show analysis and synthesis of ideas The paper demonstrates that the author, mostly, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course. Some conclusions, however, are not supported in the body of the paper The paper demonstrates that the author, to a certain extent, understands and has applied concepts learned in the course The paper does not demonstrate that the author has understood, and applied concepts learned in the course. Topic Focus 12.5\% The topic is focused narrowly enough for the scope of this assignment. A thesis statement provides direction for the paper, either by a statement of a position or hypothesis The topic is focused but lacks direction. The paper is about a specific topic, but the writer has not established a position. The topic is too broad for the scope of this assignment. The topic is not clearly defined Depth of Discussion 12.5 \% In-depth discussion and elaboration in all sections of the paper. In-depth discussion and elaboration in most sections of the paper. The writer has omitted content. Quotations from others outweigh the writer’s own ideas excessively. Cursory discussion in all the sections of the paper or brief discussion in only a few sections Cohesiveness 12.5\% Ties together information from all sources. Paper flows from one issue to the next with no headings. Author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources Mostly, it ties together information from all sources. Paper flows with only some disjointedness. The author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources. Sometimes ties together information from all sources. Paper does not flow. Disjointedness is apparent. The author’s writing does not demonstrate an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources. It does not tie together information. Paper does not flow and appears to be created from disparate issues. Headings are necessary to link concepts. Writing does not demonstrate understanding any relationship Spelling and Grammar 12.5\% Minimal spelling and/or grammar mistakes Some spelling and or grammar mistakes. Noticeable spelling and grammar mistakes. An unacceptable number of spelling and/or grammar mistakes Sources 12.5\% Over 5 current sources, of which at least 3 are peer-review journal articles or scholarly books. Sources include both general background sources and specialized sources. Special-interest sources and popular literature and acknowledged as such if they are cited. All web sites utilized are authoritative. 5 current sources, of which at least 2 are peer-review journal articles or scholarly books. All web sites utilized are authoritative. Fewer than 5 current sources or fewer than 2 of 5 are peer- reviewed journal articles or scholarly books. All web sites utilized are credible. Fewer than 5 current sources or fewer than 2 of 5 are peer- reviewed journal articles or scholarly books. Not all web sites utilized are credible, and/or sources are not current. Citations 12.5\% Cites all data obtained from other sources. APA citation style is used in both text and bibliography Cites most data obtained from other sources. APA citation style is used in both text and bibliography. Cites some data obtained from other sources. Citation style is inconsistent or incorrect. Does not cite sources. Running head: RESEARCH PAPER 2 RESEARCH PAPER 2 Research Paper Phase 2 There is an increase in the debate over the issue of dying with dignity and the right to die. The issue has been revolving around whether a person should be given a chance to choose to die when they are still in a position to continue living a reduced ability or aiding the life support. Most of the debates are focused on the ethical position on some of the medical interventions that are undertaken. The focus of this research paper is to explore the role played by the nurses in discouraging palliative patients from euthanasia. Nurses are playing an important role in providing healthcare to the patient during the end of their life than any other healthcare professionals. Nurses are not directly involved in the performance of euthanasia but are directly taking part in the process that starts when the patients request euthanasia and ends with the provision of support to the patients family members and healthcare providers after the act. In this case, it is always crucial for the nurses to be aware of the role they play during the euthanasia procedure (Wilson et al., 2021). Nurses are required to be open-minded and to be non-judgment towards accepting euthanasia requests as their professional attitude can discourage the patients from euthanasia. The role of the nurses in discouraging palliative patients from euthanasia begins with the pre-euthanasia which begins with the assessment. In this stage, nurses are required to carefully listen to the patients to help in the successful assessment of the reasons for requesting euthanasia and the factors that are linked to such decisions. According to Wilson et al., (2021), the improper requests that are originating from the relievable suffering have to be withdrawn and alternative methods have to be provided to the patient to prevent undignified deaths. According to Martin (2021), all patients need to be assessed for awareness about their medical diagnosis, their conditions, and the prognosis, and other available alternatives like palliative care to make sure that the decision made are well-informed as a full disclosure that is important in the execution of the right to the self-determination freely. Nurses are required to be familiar with the evaluation skills that are important in speeding the process and improving accuracy. Nurses have a role of ensuring that the family members are involved in the process to help in the assessment of their reactions to the request of the euthanasia and allowing the heartfelt communication process between the patient and the family members, promoting the ventilation about their emotions, application of the active listening skills that are important in the identification of their needs (Mathews, et al., 2021). In this situation, nurses are required to remain sensitive and maintain professional approaches in the performance of the assessment. Under the pre-euthanasia, nurses also play a role in the consultation whereby nurses act as the advocators for the patient they represent and provide information about their conditions and the wishes of their relatives to enable the patients perspective to be put into considerations. Nurses are also involved in the written consent where they explain the consent using a non-threatening tone and allowing asking questions. The second phase is the intra-euthanasia which is carried out within a special rook to given an opportunity for having a peaceful environment that supports the human right to die with dignity and the reduction of the disturbance in the process (Gill, 2019). This phase involves preparation, assistance, and recording. In the preparation, nurses help with the preparation of the medication to induce a light sleep-in case the patient is not wishing to be aware of the comma induction moment. In the assistance role, a nurse provides emotional support to the family embers when they are present in the procedure. Under recording, nurses are responsible for keeping all the records of the medication, for signed consent forms, the pain assessment form, and the record of euthanasia. The third phase is the post-euthanasia and the nurse has the responsibility of explaining to the family about the need to stop the procedure ad goes to the last office procedure. According to Gill (2019), when the decisions are deliberately made, the grieving process and the feelings of guiltiness among the family members might occur. In this case, the emotional support by providing reassurance and listening to the feelings of the patients and the family members is done. The nurse is required to have good communication and counseling skills and helping with a timely referral process to the counselor for the emotionally affected family. Methodology and the design of the study The help in understanding the role played by the nurses in discouraging the palliative patients from euthanasia, the method to be adopted will involve the use of both qualitative data and quantitative data. This will be a case study using specific healthcare facilities that are selected for the study. The collection of the data to be used for the study will involve the use of interviews and questionnaires. The interview process as a method of collecting data will be targeting the nurses in charge of the selected healthcare facilities. The questionnaire will be used for the selected nurses from the targeted facilities. The questionnaire or interview will be delivered to the participants in person or by emailing them. The information to be collected from the patient will involve the collection of the demographic data of the participants for example age, gender, the year of employment within the facility, and their positions within the facility. Other questions will involve asking their perception or attitudes concerning voluntary euthanasia; the methods they wish to be involved in the euthanasia as palliative nurses; and how their demographic features for example years of work experience as a nurse are impacting the palliative role and their attitudes towards voluntary euthanasia. Sampling Methodology The sampling methodology to be adopted in this case will involve the use of the nurses and nurses in charge of ages above 25 years. In this case, a total of 60 participants will be used in the study i.e., 10 nurses in charge and 50 nurses within the selected facility. Before the involvement of the participants in the study, they will be taken through a consent process where the objectives of the study will be explained and informing them that the study is done for academic purposes. The participants will also be assured of confidentiality and that their names will not feature anywhere. They are also allowed to take part or to leave the study. The selection of the study participants will follow a random process from the few selected healthcare facilities to help in understanding the role played by the nurses in discouraging palliative patients from euthanasia procedures. The necessary tools to be used One of the research tools is informed consent whereby the participants are given a chance to sign for their willingness to take part in the study. The other tool is the questionnaires that give the chance of obtaining information from a larger population who are unlikely to have time to attend an interview or take part in the experiments. This tool is important in enabling the participants to take time, think about the research question, and return the questionnaire later. The questionnaire allows the participant to state their views or feelings privately without worrying about the possible reactions of the researcher. The questionnaire tool is composed of multiple-choice questions, attitude scales, open-ended questions, and close-ended questions. The other tool is the interviews that are carried out in person or face-to-face. The interview can also be administered through telephone or use of more advanced computer technology such as skype. It is therefore important for the interviewees to decide on whether they feel comfortable concerning the invitation of the researcher into their homes or to have room or an area where the participants are free to speak without disturbance to other individuals within the family. References Gill, B. K. (2019). Euthanasia and Nurses’ Role in It. Arch Clinical Case Study, 2(1). doi:10.33552/ACS.2019.02.000526 Martin, S. (2021). Assisted Suicide and the European Convention on Human Rights. Routledge. Mathews, J. J., Hausner, D., Avery, J., Hannon, B., Zimmermann, C., & Al-Awarner, A. (2021). Impact of medical assistance in dying on palliative care: a qualitative study. Palliative Medicine, 35(2), 447-454. Wilson, M., Wilson, M., Edwards, S., Cusack, L., & Wiechula, R. (2021). Role of attitude in nurses’ responses to requests for assisted dying. Nursing Ethics, 28(5), 670-686. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733020966777 Running head: ATTITUDES OF NURSES IN EUTHANASIA 1 To Explore the Nurses’ Roles in Discouraging Palliative Patients from Euthanasia To Explore the Nurses’ Roles in Discouraging Palliative Patients from Euthanasia Introduction to the Problem The issue of dying with dignity and the right to die has been debated for decades. The debate revolves around whether a person should be allowed to choose to die when they can continue living at a diminished capacity or aid of life support. The debate is centered on the ethical position of the medical intervention. One of the questions is whether the right to die is universal and only applicable in palliative care. On an ethical basis, health professionals should adhere to patient autonomy which questions euthanasia as a care intervention. Nurses in assisted death face conflicting requirements from autonomy, maleficence, and non-maleficence. However, the concept of freedom of expression exists where the dying patient has a right to make decisions regarding their health. Nurses play a vital role in caring for patients during their end of life compared to other health care professionals (Dierckx de Castle, 2006). Technological advancement in healthcare has facilitated quality of life and prolonged life. However, technological advancement has also led to controversial debates on euthanasia (Berghs et al., 2005). According to Asai et al. (2019), the attitudes towards the legality and the ethics of euthanasia has drastically changed in the last few decades. This has led to the legalization of euthanasia in some countries, but the circumstances of assisted suicide vary from one city to another. The issue of cancer is a global issue, and it has increased the need for palliative care services. Nurses provide care geared towards patient satisfaction. In palliative care, the nurses work towards meeting cancer patients needs during the end of life care (Henson et al., 2016). During the end of life, the patients and the family face challenges and must make choices that benefit the patient. Wright et al. (2016) explain that choices during the end of life may have a ATTITUDES OF NURSES IN EUTHANASIA 2 quality of life dimension where the nurse guides the patient and the carer to adapt to painful realities and confront difficult situations. Problem Statement The practice of euthanasia involves medical procedures that end life to relieve the patients suffering or pain. The concept of euthanasia is explained by the American Medical Association’s Code of Medical Ethics (1997) as a process where a health professional facilitates a patient’s death by providing the necessary means and information to enable the patient to perform the life-ending act” (p. 56). According to Gill (2019), there are different forms of euthanasia; passive, active, voluntary and non-voluntary. On voluntary euthanasia, the patients request health professionals to die, while non-voluntary involves death assistance in patients who cannot make requests like infants and comatose patients. On active and passive euthanasia, passive procedures withhold life-sustaining treatments while active is injected with lethal drugs. According to Gill (2019), the goal of euthanasia is to relieve patients from unbearable pain and allow them to die with dignity. Although cancer is a significant cause of palliative care, a rising number of patients like children and neonates require palliative care. Some of the conditions resulting in palliative care include frailty, dementia, learning disabilities, and seniors with multiple comorbidities. Significance of the problem to Nursing Although nurses spend more time with palliative patients and receive euthanasia requests, their views on the procedure remain unclear. This creates a research gap and a need to conduct an in-depth exploration of nurses’ attitudes and involvement in euthanasia decision making. The responsibility of nurses in palliative care is to provide compassionate and comprehensive end of life care. According to Weaver et al. (2018), the cost of caring for the palliative patient has a financial impact and physical, emotional and psychological. The caring process may negatively affect caregivers resulting in physical illness, psychiatric illness, physiologic responses, impaired health habits, psychological distress or death. Several factors influence the attitudes of nurses towards palliative care. For example, religion views euthanasia as a practice that is against the value of human life. Such nurses may view the practice as an unethical sanctioned choice hence discouraging euthanasia. Due to the varying factors influencing the decision making of euthanasia in palliative care, there is a need to explore the attitude of palliative nurses towards euthanasia. Purpose of the Research The purpose of the study is to describe and explore the attitude of palliative nurses towards euthanasia. Research Questions The primary research topic is; what is the attitude of nurses regarding voluntary euthanasia, and should they encourage or discourage the process? The following specific research questions will address this. · What is palliative nurses’ attitude towards voluntary euthanasia? · What are the ways in which palliative nurses wish to get involved involuntary euthanasia? · What is the relationship between the demographic characteristics of palliative nurses and their attitude towards voluntary euthanasia? Masters Essentials that aligned with your topic The concept of euthanasia is in line to the World Health Organization definition of palliative care. According to WHO, palliative care is, “… an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual” (National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care, 2009, p. 8). Palliative care “affirms life and regards dying as a normal process” and “intends neither to hasten nor postpone death” (Ferrell et al., 2018, p. 8). Although euthanasia involves the prevention of suffering and relieving patients’ pain, it is against the goal of nursing care, which is to promote quality of life. However, it is in line with palliative care on providing care and support to help patients die with dignity (Cardiff University, 2014). Different professional organizations in nursing address the issue of euthanasia and the clinical participation of health professionals. According to Cardiff University (2014), assisted suicide is contrary to professional role integrity as it violates the social construct of health professionals to the people. Besides, the procedure is contrary to the role of nurses and other health professionals in promoting healing, creating a social risk. A master’s in palliative care is to promote patient outcomes through quality palliative care facilitated by quality improvement and research. The role of the course is patient care improvement through the delivery of effective and accessible education. The goal is to help nurses to develop, extend and share their understanding, knowledge and application of evidence to palliative care. Other essentials include research evidence, challenges, frameworks, and core understanding that develop and optimize palliative care and palliative medicine practice. It also assists students in identifying significant issues in their practice and conducting evidence-based research (Cardiff University, 2014). The goal is to attain vital information to the practice and knowledge of palliative care and palliative medicine. Reference American Medical Association. (1997). American Medical Association. Code of Medical Ethics. Asai, A., Ohnishi, M., Nagata, S. K., Tanida, N., & Yamazaki, Y. (2019). Doctors and nurses attitudes towards and experiences of voluntary euthanasia: survey of members of the Japanese Association of Palliative Medicine. Journal of medical ethics, 27(5), 324-330. Berghs, M., De Casterle, B. D., & Gastmans, C. (2005). The complexity of nurses’ attitudes toward euthanasia: a review of the literature. Journal of Medical Ethics, 31(8), 441-446. Cardiff University. (2014). Palliative Medicine for Health Care Professionals (MSc)https:// www.cardiff.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/taught/courses/course/palliative- medicine-for-health-care-professionals-msc-part-time. Cardiff University. Retrieved 26 September 2021, from https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/taught/courses/course/palliative-medicine- for-health-care-professionals-msc-part-time. Dierckx de Casterle, B. (2006). Nurses views on their involvement in euthanasia: a qualitative study in Flanders (Belgium). Journal Of Medical Ethics, 32(4), 187-192. https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.2005.011783 Ferrell, B. R., Twaddle, M. L., Melnick, A., & Meier, D. E. (2018). National consensus project clinical practice guidelines for quality palliative care guidelines. Journal of palliative medicine, 21(12), 1684-1689. Gill, B. (2019). Euthanasia and Nurses Role in It. IRIS. Henson, L. A., Gomes, B., Koffman, J., Daveson, B. A., Higginson, I. J., & Gao, W. (2016). Factors associated with aggressive end of life cancer care. Supportive Care in Cancer, 24(3), 1079-1089. Weaver, M. S., Wichman, B., Bace, S., Schroeder, D., Vail, C., Wichman, C., & Macfadyen, A. (2018). Measuring the impact of the home health nursing shortage on family caregivers of children receiving palliative care. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing, 20(3), 260. Wright, A. A., Keating, N. L., Ayanian, J. Z., Chrischilles, E. A., Kahn, K. L., Ritchie, C. S., ... & Landrum, M. B. (2016). Family perspectives on aggressive cancer care near the end of life. Jama, 315(3), 284-292. · Score 7.5 / 10 · Integration of Knowledge 25\% of total result 2 · Topic Focus 25\% of total result 2 Oustanding Topic Focus 12.5\% The topic is focused narrowly enough for the scope of this assignment. A thesis statement provides direction for the paper, either by a statement of a position or hypothesis 2.5 Very Good The topic is focused but lacks direction. The paper is about a specific topic, but the writer has not established a position. 2 Good The topic is too broad for the scope of this assignment. 1.5 Unacceptable The topic is not clearly defined. 1 Criterion Feedback read the feedback and answer the questions- especially the logistics one · Depth of Discussion 13\% of total result 0.78 Oustanding In-depth discussion and elaboration in all sections of the paper. 1.3 Very Good In-depth discussion and elaboration in most sections of the paper. 1.04 Good The writer has omitted content. Quotations from others outweigh the writer’s own ideas excessively. 0.78 Unacceptable Cursory discussion in all the sections of the paper or brief discussion in only a few sections 0.52 Criterion Feedback some areas need to be developed and discussed more- read feedback provided Sample size, inclusion, exclusion criteria, flow charts or graphs, a place where the study was to take place, etc.. should be developed. · Cohesiveness 13\% of total result 1.04 Oustanding Ties together information from all sources. Paper flows from one issue to the next with no headings. Author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources Mostly, it ties together information from all sources. 1.3 Very Good Mostly, it ties together information from all sources. Paper flows with only some disjointedness. The author’s writing demonstrates an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources. 1.04 Good Sometimes ties together information from all sources. Paper does not flow. Disjointedness is apparent. The author’s writing does not demonstrate an understanding of the relationship among material obtained from all sources. 0.78 Unacceptable It does not tie together information. Paper does not flow and appears to be created from disparate issues. Headings are necessary to link concepts. Writing does not demonstrate understanding any relationship 0.52 Criterion Feedback Paper mostly ties together- read feedback and make corrections · Spelling and Grammar 12\% of total result 0.72 Oustanding Minimal spelling and/or grammar mistakes 1.2 Very Good Some spelling and or grammar mistakes. 0.96 Good Noticeable spelling and grammar mistakes. 0.72 Unacceptable An unacceptable number of spelling and/or grammar mistakes. 0.48 Criterion Feedback several spelling/grammar/APA errors · Sources 6\% of total result 0.36 Oustanding Over 5 current sources, of which at least 3 are peer-review journal articles or scholarly books. Sources include both general background sources and specialized sources. Special-interest sources and popular literature and acknowledged as such if they are cited. All web sites utilized are authoritative. 0.6 Very Good 5 current sources, of which at least 2 are peer-review journal articles or scholarly books. All web sites utilized are authoritative. 0.48 Good Fewer than 5 current sources or fewer than 2 of 5 are peer-reviewed journal articles or scholarly books. All web sites utilized are credible. 0.36 Unacceptable Fewer than 5 current sources or fewer than 2 of 5 are peer-reviewed journal articles or scholarly books. Not all web sites utilized are credible, and/or sources are not current. 0.24 · Citations 6\% of total result 0.6 Running head: RESEARCH PAPER 1 RESEARCH PAPER 2 There is an increase in the debate over the issue of dying with dignity and the right to die. The issue has been revolving around whether a person should be given a chance to choose to die when they are still in a position to continue living a reduced ability or aiding the life support. Most of the debates are focused on the ethical position on some of the medical interventions that are undertaken. The focus of this research paper is to explore the role played by the nurses in discouraging palliative patients from euthanasia. Nurses are playing an important role in providing healthcare to the patient during the end of their life than any other healthcare professionals. Nurses are not directly involved in the performance of euthanasia but are directly taking part in the process that starts when the patients request euthanasia and ends with the provision of support to the patients family members and healthcare providers after the act. In this case, it is always crucial for the nurses to be aware of the role they play during the euthanasia procedure (Wilson et al., 2021). Nurses are required to be open-minded and to be non-judgment towards accepting euthanasia requests as their professional attitude can discourage the patients from euthanasia. The role of the nurses in discouraging palliative patients from euthanasia begins with the pre-euthanasia which begins with the assessment. In this stage, nurses are required to carefully listen to the patients to help in the successful assessment of the reasons for requesting euthanasia and the factors that are linked to such decisions. According to Wilson et al., (2021), the improper requests that are originating from the relievable suffering have to be withdrawn and alternative methods have to be provided to the patient to prevent undignified deaths. According to Martin (2021), all patients need to be assessed for awareness about their medical diagnosis, their conditions, and the prognosis, and other available alternatives like palliative care to make sure that Nora Hernandez-Pupo typically this is not a ROLE of the nurse here- nor is assistive suicide common on the US- as its not legal in many states- how are you going to do this here? Nora Hernandez-Pupo Wilsons study was a cross-sectional correlational study of 377 Australian registered nurses who completed an online survey. Generalised linear modelling assessed the effects of independent variables against intended responses to requests for legal assisted dying. They have a system there- here in the US there isnt- unless you take the time to explain that your readers are going to be lost and confused. you also need to state this study took place in Australia- Nora Hernandez-Pupo Assisted suicide is legal in 10 jurisdictions in the US: -perhaps you should use the term assisted suicide/euthanasia: it may help your paper flow a little better here in the US Nora Hernandez-Pupo punctuation Nora Hernandez-Pupo grammar Nora Hernandez-Pupo grammar- sentence structure- unsure what you are trying to say Nora Hernandez-Pupo hint: if you use your headings the reader does not have to guess what you are talking about- makes it easier and ensures you discuss every point Nora Hernandez-Pupo I am bit fuzzy as to what your topic is- what exactly are you researching- you have to be a bit more specific and clear RESEARCH PAPER 3 the decision made are well-informed as a full disclosure that is important in the execution of the right to the self-determination freely. Nurses are required to be familiar with the evaluation skills that are important in speeding the process and improving accuracy. Nurses have a role of ensuring that the family members are involved in the process to help in the assessment of their reactions to the request of the euthanasia and allowing the heartfelt communication process between the patient and the family members, promoting the ventilation about their emotions, application of the active listening skills that are important in the identification of their needs (Mathews, et al., 2021). In this situation, nurses are required to remain sensitive and maintain professional approaches in the performance of the assessment. Under the pre-euthanasia, nurses also play a role in the consultation whereby nurses act as the advocators for the patient they represent and provide information about their conditions and the wishes of their relatives to enable the patients perspective to be put into considerations. Nurses are also involved in the written consent where they explain the consent using a non-threatening tone and allowing asking questions. The second phase is the intra-euthanasia which is carried out within a special rook to given an opportunity for having a peaceful environment that supports the human right to die with dignity and the reduction of the disturbance in the process (Gill, 2019). This phase involves preparation, assistance, and recording. In the preparation, nurses help with the preparation of the medication to induce a light sleep-in case the patient is not wishing to be aware of the comma induction moment. In the assistance role, a nurse provides emotional support to the family embers when they are present in the procedure. Under recording, nurses are responsible for keeping all the records of the medication, for signed consent forms, the pain assessment form, and the record of euthanasia. Nora Hernandez-Pupo grammar spelling Nora Hernandez-Pupo is this within the nurses scope of practice? remember you are in the US Nora Hernandez-Pupo grammar Nora Hernandez-Pupo Canada study- are nurses in the US going to know this- can you even teach this if its illegal- RESEARCH PAPER 4 The third phase is the post-euthanasia and the nurse has the responsibility of explaining to the family about the need to stop the procedure ad goes to the last office procedure. According to Gill (2019), when the decisions are deliberately made, the grieving process and the feelings of guiltiness among the family members might occur. In this case, the emotional support by providing reassurance and listening to the feelings of the patients and the family members is done. The nurse is required to have good communication and counseling skills and helping with a timely referral process to the counselor for the emotionally affected family. Methodology and the design of the study The help in understanding the role played by the nurses in discouraging the palliative patients from euthanasia, the method to be adopted will involve the use of both qualitative data and quantitative data. This will be a case study using specific healthcare facilities that are selected for the study. The collection of the data to be used for the study will involve the use of interviews and questionnaires. The interview process as a method of collecting data will be targeting the nurses in charge of the selected healthcare facilities. The questionnaire will be used for the selected nurses from the targeted facilities. The questionnaire or interview will be delivered to the participants in person or by emailing them. The information to be collected from the patient will involve the collection of the demographic data of the participants for example age, gender, the year of employment within the facility, and their positions within the facility. Other questions will involve asking their perception or attitudes concerning voluntary euthanasia; the methods they wish to be involved in the euthanasia as palliative nurses; and how their demographic features for example years of work experience as a nurse are impacting the palliative role and their attitudes towards voluntary euthanasia. Sampling Methodology Nora Hernandez-Pupo heading- please review your APA Nora Hernandez-Pupo sources of data when carrying out a case study are observations of a person’s daily routine, unstructured interviews with the participant herself (and with people who know her), diaries, personal notes (e.g. letters, photographs, notes) or official document (e.g. case notes, clinical notes, appraisal reports). The case study method often involves simply observing what happens to, or reconstructing ‘the case history’ of a single participant or group of individuals (such as a school class or a specific social group), i.e. the idiographic approach. Nora Hernandez-Pupo done-use perhaps completed/performed- done is for turkeys consider rewording sentenced Nora Hernandez-Pupo Nora Hernandez-Pupo case study (add) method using... Nora Hernandez-Pupo grammar Nora Hernandez-Pupo is this heading ?? not APA Nora Hernandez-Pupo Nora Hernandez-Pupo RESEARCH PAPER 5 The sampling methodology to be adopted in this case will involve the use of the nurses and nurses in charge of ages above 25 years. In this case, a total of 60 participants will be used in the study i.e., 10 nurses in charge and 50 nurses within the selected facility. Before the involvement of the participants in the study, they will be taken through a consent process where the objectives of the study will be explained and informing them that the study is done for academic purposes. The participants will also be assured of confidentiality and that their names will not feature anywhere. They are also allowed to take part or to leave the study. The selection of the study participants will follow a random process from the few selected healthcare facilities to help in understanding the role played by the nurses in discouraging palliative patients from euthanasia procedures. The necessary tools to be used One of the research tools is informed consent whereby the participants are given a chance to sign for their willingness to take part in the study. The other tool is the questionnaires that give the chance of obtaining information from a larger population who are unlikely to have time to attend an interview or take part in the experiments. This tool is important in enabling the participants to take time, think about the research question, and return the questionnaire later. The questionnaire allows the participant to state their views or feelings privately without worrying about the possible reactions of the researcher. The questionnaire tool is composed of multiple- choice questions, attitude scales, open-ended questions, and close-ended questions. The other tool is the interviews that are carried out in person or face-to-face. The interview can also be administered through telephone or use of more advanced computer technology such as skype. It is therefore important for the interviewees to decide on whether they feel comfortable concerning the invitation of the researcher into their homes or to have room or an area where the participants are free to speak without disturbance to other individuals within the family. Nora Hernandez-Pupo you need to think about this section it needs some development and thought put in. Nora Hernandez-Pupo Nora Hernandez-Pupo informed consent is not a tool Nora Hernandez-Pupo heading ?? Nora Hernandez-Pupo Nora Hernandez-Pupo charge nurses RESEARCH PAPER 6 References Gill, B. K. (2019). Euthanasia and Nurses’ Role in It. Arch Clinical Case Study, 2(1). doi:10.33552/ACS.2019.02.000526 Martin, S. (2021). Assisted Suicide and the European Convention on Human Rights. Routledge. Mathews, J. J., Hausner, D., Avery, J., Hannon, B., Zimmermann, C., & Al-Awarner, A. (2021). Impact of medical assistance in dying on palliative care: a qualitative study. Palliative Medicine, 35(2), 447-454. Wilson, M., Wilson, M., Edwards, S., Cusack, L., & Wiechula, R. (2021). Role of attitude in nurses’ responses to requests for assisted dying. Nursing Ethics, 28(5), 670-686. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733020966777 Nora Hernandez-Pupo not APA- not 5 sources