Fluent Essays

Think of this assignment as chapter two and three of your research paper.  Only submit the Literature review and Proposal (Do not include your Introduction and methodology - especially the references for those sections). 1 Australia Some relevant sites for data: http://www.tourism.australia.com/statistics.aspx http://www.australia.gov.au/information-and-services/passports-and-travel/tourism http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/2f762f95845417aeca25706c00834efa/ffcff654 1f4d11f5ca2570ec00753521!OpenDocument http://www.atec.net.au/ http://www.regionaltourism.com.au/ Some useful reports: http://www.pc.gov.au/research/completed/international-tourism/international-tourism.pdf (follow the reference list from this report) http://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2011/dec/pdf/bu-1211-3.pdf (follow the reference list from this report) Related readings: Mowforth, M., & Munt, I. (2015). Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world. Routledge. Holden, A. (2016). Environment and tourism. Routledge. Smith, Stephen LJ. Tourism analysis: A handbook. Routledge, 2014. Related academic journal articles: Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., Spurr, R., & Hoque, S. (2013). Economic impacts of a carbon tax on the Australian tourism industry. Journal of travel research,52(2), 143-155. Silveira, L., & Santos, N. (2014). Marina Impacts on the Local Population and on Tourism Development in Horta (Azores Islands), Portugal. Tourism in Marine Environments, 9(3-4), 193- 202. Karamustafa, K. (2013). Tourism Economic Development: European Experiences. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. http://www.tourism.australia.com/statistics.aspx http://www.australia.gov.au/information-and-services/passports-and-travel/tourism http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/2f762f95845417aeca25706c00834efa/ffcff6541f4d11f5ca2570ec00753521!OpenDocument http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/2f762f95845417aeca25706c00834efa/ffcff6541f4d11f5ca2570ec00753521!OpenDocument http://www.atec.net.au/ http://www.regionaltourism.com.au/ http://www.pc.gov.au/research/completed/international-tourism/international-tourism.pdf http://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2011/dec/pdf/bu-1211-3.pdf 2 Harrison, D. H., & Prasad, B. C. (2013). The contribution of tourism to the development of Fiji and other Pacific Island countries. This is not a complete list. You may use this as your starting point and dig out more references from the reference lists of these sources. ECF3900 Tutorial Notes prepared by Dr Thandi Ndhlela The Topic The major causes of environmental effects on tourism and related tourism policies of your chosen developed country/or region. There is an outgrowing demand for tourism both in developed and developing countries. Note: An analytical Structure based on PEST or SWOT analysis. 1. Introduction 1.1 Background (to cover historical profile of country and transition with respect to the tourism industry) 1.2 Objectives of the Study 1.3 Scope and Methodology (delimitations of the study and brief discussion of analytical framework and any analytical tool uses. Note that statistics use is a requirement) 2. Political Factors /(Strengths) (yellow highlighted headings if using SWOT) 2.1 2.2 . 2.n 3. Economic Factors /(Weaknesses) 3.1 3.2….. 3.n 4 Social Analysis /(Opportunities) 4.1 4.2…. 4.n 5. Technological Factors /(Threats) 5.1 5.2… 5.n 6. Conclusions and Recommendations 7. References 8. Appendices (or as required). Note For section 2-5 I have suggested very generic headings. You can alter those and tailor them to what you prefer and then fit issues 1-6 in the unit guide under the relevant sections. You will then realize that there is great potential for improving the scope of your analysis and incorporating more subheadings once you start working under each heading. What is the unit outline is the minimum requirement or expectations as mentioned in the lecture. READ PAGES 48-57 of the Q-Manual. Note 2. These notes are a general guide from tutorials only and students are fully responsible for how they will attempt the question and are therefore free to choose any different analytical methods or approaches to the task. Vital Links SWOT ANALYSIS https://www.business.qld.gov.au/business/starting/market-customer-research/swot-analysis PEST ANALYSIS http://crackmba.com/pest-analysis/ Note: click on image to enlarge diagram ECF3900 Tutorial Notes prepared by Dr Thandi Ndhlela A GENERAL EXAMPLE OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT USING THE STRUCTURE CONDUCT: The Topic The major causes of environmental effects of tourism and related tourism policies of your chosen developed country/or region. There is an outgrowing demand for tourism both in developed and developing countries. http://www.policonomics.com/structure-conduct-performance-paradigm/ · The outline below illustrates the general structure of the analytical framework based on the SCP paradigm. · In your application of the framework, you should make sure that you tailor the analysis so that it fully and clearly addresses the requirements of the topic as stated above. · In addition, you will have to make sure that the terms of reference provided in the unit outline are addressed in the relevant sections of the framework where they belong. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background/ History of the firm or Industry. 1.2 Objectives of the Paper/(or Purpose) 1.3 Methodology (briefly discuss/define any specific analytical or statistical tools used) 1.4 Scope and Limitations 2. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 2.1 The SCP Hypothesis 2.2 Structure 2.1.1 Number & Size of competitors (can best use industry concentration ratios) 2.1.2 Entry & Exit Conditions 2.1.3 Product Differentiation 2.1.4. Vertical Integration 2.1.5 Diversification 2.2 Conduct 2.2.1 Business Objectives 2.2.2 Pricing policies 2.2.3 Advertising and Marketing 2.2.4 Research and Development 2.2.5 Mergers and Collusion 2.3 Performance 2.3.1 Profitability 2.3.2 Growth 2.3.3 Quality of Products and Services 2.3.4 Technical Progress 2.3 .5 Any other Performance Indicators 3. POLICY AND REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT 3.1 Government Policies (or Macroeconomic Policies) 3.1.1 Environmental Policies 3.1.2 Industrial Policies (relevant to tourism if any) 3.1.3 Tariffs 3.1.4 Competition Regulation 3.1.5 Pricing Policies 3.1.6 Taxes and Subsidies 3.2 Local Government (or Council Policies) 3.2.1 Licensing regulations (telecoms, liquor laws, e.t.c) 3.2.2 Local by-laws (council laws and policies) 3.3.3 Operation hours 3.3 Industry/ Firm-based Policies (if applicable, from Industry watchdog Note 1: In this subsection you should make sure you carefully identify and emphasize the policies that are meant to promote performance and efficiency of the industry. These may come from regulatory authorities or from the industry/ firm itself 4. RECOMMENDATIONS What should the firm/industry do to improve issues related to its structure, performance and conduct? These should be based on the findings from the industry analysis 5. CONCLUSIONS (Highlight and summarize major findings of the report) References Appendix Note 2: • Your industry analysis should be supported by data/graphs (all sources to be cited) • You may apply empirical data analysis methods such as regression analysis/econometrics • Data should cover at least 20-30year period) • This is a professional presentation. Therefore the report should be well written and properly edited. Poorly written reports may fail (see university assessment guidelines). • . What is the unit outline is the minimum requirement or expectations as mentioned in the lecture. READ PAGES 48-57 of the Q-Manual Note 3. These notes are a general guide from tutorials only and students are fully responsible for how they will attempt the question and are therefore free to choose any different analytical methods or approaches to the task. 1 Worth: 25 percent of total assessment Length: 2000 words (excludes Tables, Graphs and References) Topic: You are employed by the Department of Sustainable Development and Tourism as a Research Staff Member. Minister David Smith has been asked several questions lately about the major causes of environmental effects on tourism and related tourism policies of your chosen developed country/or region. There is an outgrowing demand for tourism both in developed and developing countries. The Minister is new to the portfolio and has very limited knowledge on this subject. He has requested to his Department to prepare a brief report on this topic. The Ministers memorandum of request has been assigned to you. As a research staff you are free to select any country (or region). Please make sure the report should be based on your individual research. This is your first briefing official report, and your Divisional Director instructs you to make sure that you cover all points made by the Minister in his memo of request. After receiving report from each member from his Department, the Divisional Director will summarise it for the overall performance of tourism policies of your chosen country in achieving growth and sustainable development. Please remember: i) You work here in a multi-disciplinary environment with staff with no background from Economics discipline. You need to explain each economic tool in a simple manner to prepare this report. ii) The Minister is fanatical about two things: Proper layout of presentation and following deadlines. Be sure to follow the advice given below for the presentation of your written work. Presentation of Written Work: a) Make sure you have name, degree code and student ID number in the front cover sheet. The report should be stapled in one corner. Please do not use any plastic folder. b) The report must be typed. Pages should be properly formatted. c) Any graphs / diagrams must be adequately labeled, and accompanied by a sufficient commentary to indicate their meaning and purpose. d) Publication details of all works cited should appear at the end of the report, under the heading ‘References’. An acceptable format such as, Baumol, William (1986), ‘Productivity Growth, Convergence and Welfare’, American Economic Review, 76, pp 1072-85. e) Be sure to keep a hard copy (and a backup disk). f) Co-operation in identifying key concepts to prepare any report is a useful learning practice and is encouraged in this unit. However, students must prepare their written work individually. You should quote all references and any kind of plagiarism will be severely penalized. Include the faculty assignment cover sheet. If a student is found to have committed plagiarism or another form of cheating the penalty may include disallowance of the work (zero marks). Alternatively, a student may be referred to the Faculty Discipline Committee. If you do not understand plagiarism it is your responsibility to seek advice from your lecturer to ensure that you fully understand this important issue. Please note: when you sign the assignment cover sheet you are attesting that you have not plagiarized or cheated. MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Memorandum To: Divisional Director From: Minister David Smith E: -Tourism and Sustainable Development Request of Briefing Report Date: July 25, 2016 It’s happened again. Someone from the media cornered me at the Tourism Conference last week and asked me to make a comment regarding the above issue. I need to report a detailed analysis on tourism sector and related of sustainable growth in our economy/region. This is the third time within a couple of months I’ve been approached to comment and it is an issue I’ve yet to come up to speed on. I have the feeling that this is a serious issue and we need to be seen to consider it seriously for sustainable growth in future. Since I know very little about this issue I need to be filled in on all of the following. 1. Primary sources of tourism income of your chosen country/region and changes since last couple of decades 2. Environmental impact on tourism (if any) 3. Major changes in policies in this sector (if any) 4. Overall growth of the economy and the role of tourism sector since last two to three decades 5. Identify barriers and incentives for promoting this sector considering the supply-chain in this sector 6. Does tourism sector promote sustainable development for your chosen country/region? 7. Overall assessment Notes on ‘Exploring impact of climate on tourism demand’ by C. Goh, Annals of tourism research, 30 (4), 1850-1883, 2012 INTRODUCTION Identify the major objectives? Usefulness of the study (page 1860)? · To discuss tourism demand analysis based on two frameworks: the economic framework and the socio-psychological framework. Specifically, the limitations of the economic framework in explaining tourism demand are revealed. · To propose a combined framework that takes into account both the economic and socio-psychological frameworks and is capable of explaining tourism demand. · To build a tourism demand model based on concepts proposed in a combined framework by including one of the major socio-psychological variables—climate into the analysis. · Note that the study does not intend to investigate all possible socio-psychological factors. Instead, it aims to illustrate the concept of the combined framework by incorporating the climate factor into the traditional tourism demand analysis using an error correction model. How this study is different from existing literature? · In almost all of the tourism demand literature, tourism demand has been analyzed on the basis of conventional economic theory, i.e., utility theory and consumption behavioral theory. · Both theories suggest that economic factors such as income, price, substitute price, advertising, and supply constraints are the primary factors affecting demand. · In contrast, non-economic factors such as psychological, anthropological, and sociological factors have not been analyzed in studies of travel demand. · Although many investigations in the tourism literature show how these non-economic factors affect travel motivation and how travel motivation in turn affects destination choices, the existing literature has largely failed to show how these non-economic factors affect the demand for travel. · The study conducts both tourism demand analysis and forecasting on the basis of economic and non-economic variables. TOURISM DEMAND FRAMEWORK · Illustrate conventional tourism demand models in literature, identify limitations · Both economic and non-economic factors are important. Literature considering non-economic factors is scarce (due to data problem) · Difficult to identify properties and characteristics of goods and services · Developed a tourism demand model with socio-psychological factors (discuss figure 1-3) CLIMATE AND TOURISM · Climate-a major determinant behind tourism demand · Destination image, variability of climate Read this section in detail RESEARCH METHOD · Error correction model-Discuss in detail . Try to interpret the findings in policy context · Read through the model- Eq 1 both dependent and explanatory variables (on page 1872). · Climate is employed as a separate variable explaining travel demand using a tourism climate index (TCI) (equation 2). · Brifly summarize the travel demand model in equation 3 (page 1874). DATA ANALYSIS AND EMPIRICAL RESULTS · Follow the major findings from Table 1 and 2. No need to memories the numbers. Try to identify signs and significance. · Some results highlights · The income variable is significant for the US model, confirm the generally accepted view that an overseas holiday is a luxury item. Elasticity of larger than one suggesting that travel to Hong Kong is of a luxurious good for US residents. · The trade variable is significant for US, JP and CN indicating strong commercial ties between these countries and Hong Kong. · Two event dummies, SARS and Asian Financial Crisis (FC) yield expected and significant results. · However, the 911 terrorist attacks, which is expected to adversely influence travel motivation of the US residence does not significantly affect US arrivals to Hong Kong. · The Asian Financial Crisis reduced arrivals. · As expected, the climatic index is found to have positive sign for all the four series and are highly significant either at 1 percent level (for US) or 5 percent level (for UK, JP and CN). WHAT ARE THE MAJOR CONCLUSIONS? · This study is aimed at moving beyond the orthodox tourism demand framework to include more important factors—both economic and non-economic—in the analysis. · The socio-psychological variable of climate is found to be a significant determinant of tourism demand for all four tourism markets investigated in this study. · The significance of climate as a socio-psychological variable n turn suggests the possibility that other qualitative factors also affect tourism demand; tourism demand planning should go beyond examination and analysis of the traditional economic factors. · It is suggested that future studies extend the tourism demand framework by including other important factors that could enhance the understanding of demand relationships and improve the predictability of tourism demand. 1