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Think of this assignment as chapter two and three of your research paper.  Only submit the Literature review and Proposal (Do not include your Introduction and methodology - especially the references for those sections). Running head: ACTION RESEARCH ON VOIP SOFT PHONE 1 13 ACTION RESEARCH ON VOIP SOFT PHONE Action Research on Voice-Over-IP (VOIP) Soft-phone Gopi Krishna Gurram Wilmington University Table of Contents Introduction 4 Action Research Methodology……………………………………………………………………5 Reason for approach………………………………………………………………………………7 Uses of action research……………………………………………………………………………8 Justification of Approach………………………………………………………………………10 Conclusion 11 References 12 List of Figures Figure 1: The Action Research Process (Guidelines for Planning Action Research Projects……6 Figure 2: Steps in actions research………………………………………………………………...8 INTRODUCTION Voice over IP (VoIP), or IP telephony, is one of the services of the IP world that is changing the entire telecommunication’s landscape. It is a real-time service, which enables users to make phone calls through data networks that use an IP protocol. An IP telephony connection consists of two phases, in which certain types of traffic are exchanged between the calling parties (Rosenberg, Schulzrinne, Camarillo, Johnston, 2002). Signaling phase: in this phase signaling protocol messages, e.g. SIP messages (Session Initiation Protocol), are exchanged between the caller and called. These messages are intended to setup and negotiate the connection parameters between the calling parties (Schulzrinne, Casner, Frederick, Jacobson, 2003). Conversation phase: if the previous phase is successful then the conversation takes place, in the form of two audio streams which are sent bidirectional. RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol) is most often utilized, for voice data transport, thus packets that carry voice payload are called RTP pack. The consecutive RTP packets form an RTP stream (Schulzrinne, Casner, Frederick, Jacobson, 2003). The motivation behind this one is to depict in point of interest the outline and usage of a voice-over-IP (VOIP) soft-phone. The outline of VOIP soft phone is in 2 principle parts. Part I covers the configuration and usage of the business standard system conventions and part 2 cover application rationale that can be used to execute VOIP (Khasnabish, Bhumip, 2003). To actualize the framework, a Nios II processor on the Altera FPGA is utilized. In the top layer, we have the VOIP application, including the system conventions and implementation rationale. By framework programming layer, which gives a C domain, a BSD attachments API for the system correspondence (through the TCP/IP stack), a little working framework for threading and synchronization, and drivers that digest away the equipment points of interest. At the least level, we have equipment peripherals, executed on the FPGA, to drive the different human interface and correspondences segments recorded previously (Khasnabish, Bhumip, 2003). In this I am going to explain about a new steganography method for voice over IP telephony named Transcoding Steganography. Usually to convert the data and to limit the size of the data being used to communicate for all these the steganographic communication is advised. The main innovation in this is voice stream and the code generated to the stream to generate the similar voice. Because of the newly generated voice code the size of voice stream is purposefully unchanged. So a free space is created and is stored with secrete records, this is called TranSteg. The TranSteg confirmation of idea usage was composed and created. The got exploratory results will be talked about in the following part (Khasnabish, Bhumip, 2003). Action Research Methodology Action research approach is result situated in that it plans to enhance the techniques utilized as a part of education, sociology, group, and different settings. Additional it focuses on participatory exploration, calls for knowledge, reflection, and individual association with the theme under study. Moreover, the entire human population specifically included with the issue or circumstance being explored leads it in certain settings. Specialists who participate in action research observe it as an engaging knowledge (Smith, 2007). The reason behind this is that action research has this beneficial outcome for some reasons. Clearly, the most essential is that action research is consistently pertinent to the members. The significance of action research is ensured because the respective researchers, who are likewise the essential consumers of the discoveries, dictate the center of every exploration undertaking. Figure 1: The Action Research Process (Guidelines for Planning Action Research Projects. (2016)) Reasons for Approach Action research is used at the point when instructors make an individual responsibility to gather information on their work methodically; they are setting out on a procedure that will encourage persistent development and improvement. When every lesson looked upon as an exact examination concerning components influencing educating and learning and when reflections, action research comes in handy (Hearn, Tacchi, Foth & Lennie, 2009). With this said, the discoveries from every days worth of effort illuminate the following days direction, educators cannot resist the urge of creating a more prominent dominance of the artisanship and exploration of instructing. Along these lines, the individual instructors directing action research gain a persistent ground in building up their qualities as intelligent professionals. Action research is useful since it promotes a gaining ground on school-wide priorities. By this, students increase their knowledge in the research field while developing their social behavior. Progressively, schools are concentrating on reinforcing themselves and their projects through the improvement of regular core interests. Centering the consolidated time, vitality, and innovativeness of a gathering of submitted experts on a separate pedagogical issue will unavoidably prompt project enhancements, and in addition to the school turning into a focal point of brilliance reformists (Smith, 2007). Subsequently, when a staff concentrates on one issue and every one of the instructors choose to take part in real life research on that issue excitedly; noteworthy advancement on the school-wide needs cannot resist the opportunity of the occasion to happen. Uses of Action Research: Activity examination or action research is utilized in the gathering of information. Action analysts can achieve this by ensuring that the information used to legitimize their activities is substantial and reliable. Ultimately, before data are utilized to settle on showing choices, instructors must be sure that the lessons are drawn from the information adjust to any one of some kind qualities of their classroom or school (Greenwood & Levin, 2006). Moreover, action research is relevant in illuminating set hypotheses. For instance, if educators are worried about expanding dependable classroom conduct, it will be useful for them to start by clearing up which approach—utilizing disciplines and rewards. Apparently, it permits students to encounter the typical results of their practices, or some other procedure—they feel will work best in helping understudies get mindful classroom conduct propensities. Figure 2: Steps in actions research shown in the diagram. Sources: (Greenwood & Levin, 2006) Planning: This articulates action research as an emergent process of engagement with worthwhile practice purposes, through many ways of knowing, in participative relationships. The four dimensions reflected in the diagram of action research will be helpful in the literature review explanation (Smith, 2007). Action: The off chance that an organization is utilizing IP telephony to coordinate different destinations, the primary advantage to be picked up is that telephone calls between the different locales, beforehand charged for by the information transfers supplier, are for nothing out of pocket (Smith, 2007). In any case, funds can likewise be made at the expense of calls that develop past the organization if the quick steering is inside the corporate system. Observation: Because action research starts with everyday experience and is concerned with the development of living, situational knowledge, in many ways, the process of inquiry is as important as specific outcomes. Good action research emerges over time in an evolutionary and developmental process, as individuals learn skills of inquiry, as communities of inquiry develop, as understanding of the issues deepens, and as practice grows and shifts changes over time. Emergence means that the questions may change, the relationships may change, the purposes may change, and what is important may change (Smith, 2007). Reflection: Action research is described in terms of four characteristic dimensions, which present an enormous range of criteria beyond those of the empirical research paradigm against which quality research can be judged. Following a review of recent debates concerning validity and quality in qualitative research, the quality issues for each of the characteristics of action research are explored. It is argued that none of these criteria are in any sense absolute but rather represent choices that action researchers must make in the conduct of their work: Action research is characteristically full of choices. So the primary rule in approaching quality is to be aware of the choices that are made and their consequences. Significant choice points in the conduct of action research are then explored (Smith, 2007). Justification of Approach Action research is a justifiable topic when it comes to research work. It is common for a proposition, and the possible postulation, to offer reasons, which clarify why the exploration is advantageous. The method is most normally because it addresses research questions, which are topical and have theoretical or practical significance (Smith, 2007). The educators, schools, and educational systems that grab this open door and start putting resources into the force of inquiry will figure out that they are re-modeling the expert routine of instruction in their area as a significant and remunerating interest. Conclusion Action research is a taught procedure of request led by and for those doing the actual research work. From all its variety of definition, action research is a valuable tool in the field of research since it helps in defining theories, collecting substantial data on the theory and concluding the effects of the theory with facts. The main innovation in this is voice stream and the code generated to the stream to generate the similar voice. Because of the newly generated voice code the size of voice stream is purposefully unchanged. So a free space is created and is stored with secrete records, this is called TranSteg. The TranSteg confirmation of idea usage was composed and created. The got exploratory results will be talked about in the following part. Institutions, which encourage their teachers and student to utilize action research in their work, prove to be useful in their education matters since they display a broad range of knowledge on how to formulate analyze and conclude any data. References Greenwood, D. J., & Levin, M. (2006). Introduction to action research: Social research for social change. SAGE publications. Hearn, G. N., Tacchi, J. A., Foth, M., & Lennie, J. (2009). Action research and new media: Concepts, methods and cases. Hampton Press. Khasnabish, Bhumip, L. (2003). Implementing Voice Over IP. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Minoli, D and E Minoli. (2002). Delivering Voice Over IP Networks. New York: Wiley Publishing. Rosenberg J, Schulzrinne H, Camarillo G, Johnston A (2002) SIP: Session Initiation Protocol, IETF, RFC 3261 39. Schulzrinne H, Casner S, Frederick R, Jacobson V (2003) RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications, IETF, RFC 3550 Shepard, C and Steven, J. (2005). Voice Over IP Crash Course. New York: McGraw-Hill. Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2007). Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Sun, M and Lingfen Htman, (2013). Guide To Voice And Video Over IP. London: Springer. HSRC 1 Wilmington University Human Subjects Review Committee (HSRC) Forms Check List Dissertation Master’s Undergraduate Faculty Other Assemble materials in the order shown below.  1. Human Subjects Protocol 2. Human Subjects Certificate  3. Consent Forms  4. Instruments HSRC 2 WILMINGTON UNIVERSITY HUMAN SUBJECTS REVIEW COMMITTEE (HSRC) RECORD AND REVIEW OF RESEARCH PROTOCOL Contact Information Principal Investigator: Gurran Gopi Krishna (Last) (First) (Middle) Address: 58 Van Reipen Avenue, Apartment 1 City Jeresy City State NJ Zip 07306 Phone: Day Evening Cell E-Mail: FAX: Project status This research is for (check one): Dissertation Practicum Master’s Undergraduate Other (specify) This research proposal is (check one): New Renewal Re-evaluation Instructor or assigned faculty sponsor: Johaenna. E.Whatson Project Information Title of study: Networking With Voice Over Internet-Protocol(VOIP) Research purpose or issue: Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a technology that allows us to make voice / telephone calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular phone line, which has been the method used for the last hundred years. Even though My focus concentration on VOIP, I need to research on basics of networking like HSRC 3 Population to be studied: Gender Male Age 25 Race/ethnicity N/A Number of groups and number of participants in each group: N/A Inclusion and exclusion criteria: N/A How Subjects will be recruited: N/A Describe the procedures that the participants will undergo in the proposed research project to include the physical location and duration of subject participation (attach a copy of all research instruments e.g., surveys, questionnaires, interview questions etc.): N/A Describe procedures that will be used to maintain confidentiality, including plans for storing/disposing of tapes and other data records at the conclusion of the research: N/A HSRC 4 Research Protocol Please answer yes or no to all questions below. Does this research involve: YES NO prisoners, probationers, pregnant women, fetuses, the seriously ill or mentally or cognitively compromised adults, or minors (under 18 yrs) as participants NO the collection of information regarding sensitive aspects of the participants behavior (e.g., drug, or alcohol use, illegal conduct, sexual behavior NO the collection or recording of behavior which, if known outside the research, could place the participants at risk of criminal or civil liability or could be damaging to the participant’s financial standing, employability, insurability, or reputation NO procedures to be employed that present more than minimal risk* to participants NO deception or coercion NO benefits or compensation to participants NO a conflict of interest (e.g., teacher/student, employer/employee: is there any financial interest in this research) If you answered NO to all of the questions please proceed to the next page. If you answered YES to any of the questions your proposal must clearly indicate why the use of participants in any of these categories is scientifically necessary and what safeguards will be employed to preserve the participants anonymity/confidentiality. The proposal must identify all risks (physical, psychological, financial, social, other) connected to the proposed procedures, indicate clearly how such risks to participants are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits, describe methods to protect or minimize such risks, and access their likely effectiveness. Consent/assent forms must be included for research involving minors.  minimal risk means that the probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort anticipated in the proposed research are not greater than those ordinarily encountered in everyday life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations or tests. HSRC 5 Consent Forms YES NO Is a consent form included with this study? If so, attach a copy. YES NO Are child assent forms included with this study? If so, attach a copy. Minors must provide an affirmative consent to participate by signing a simplified form, unless the principal investigator can provide evidence that the minors are not capable of assenting because of age, maturity, psychological state, or other factors. Who is obtaining consent? Check all that apply: Principal Investigator Research Assistant Other (specify) How is consent being obtained? What steps are being taken to determine that potential subjects are competent to participate in the decision-making process? Obligations of Principal Investigator: HSRC meets on the second Thursday of each month September to May and twice during the summer months. Protocol must be received two weeks before that date. Any changes made to the research protocol must be reported to division representatives of the HSRC for review prior to implementation of such change. Any complications, adverse reactions, or changes in the original estimates of risks must be reported at once to the HRSC chairperson before continuing the project. Any data collection that extends beyond one year must be resubmitted before the anniversary for continuing review by the HSRC. According to federal regulation all data, including signed consent form documents must be retained for a minimum of three years past the completion of the research. I have read and understand my obligations as an investigator. I certify that the research proposal is accurate and complete. Print name: Gopi Krishna gurram Signature: gkg Date:9/9/16 Instructor or Assigned Faculty Sponsor: Print name: Signature: Date HSRC 6 WILMINGTON UNIVERSITY HUMAN SUBJECTS REVIEW COMMITTEE (HSRC) PROTOCOL REVIEW This section is to be completed by the HSR Committee Person. Principal Investigator: Date submitted: The protocol and attachments were reviewed: The proposed research is approved as: Exempt Expedited Full Committee The proposed research was approved pending the following changes: See attached letter Resubmit changes to the HSRC chairperson The proposed research was disapproved: See attached letter for more information. HSRC Chair or Representative Print name Signature Date: HSRC Chair Or Representative Print name Signature Date: