Fluent Essays

Create an outline for your research project **Outline can be 2 pages**. Read the textbook chapter and all of the lecture notes, files, and examples on creating an outline, and then use your annotated bibliography to create an outline for your research project. Click on the links to review sample outlines. Be sure to include a last section titled Reference (for your Reference list) For your outline you do not need to include the actual references, just a titled section at the end of the paper where they would be placed. (Attached is my Thesis Statement and Annotated Bibliography)- for my research Paper. Attached is samples of outlines.   The whole research paper must be 10 pages or more. Thats with everything included the Thesis statement and Annotated Bibliography. 1 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY EN-121 4 Annotated Bibliography EN-121 Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Annotated Bibliography EN-121 Leal Filho, W., Wall, T., Rayman-Bacchus, L., Mifsud, M., Pritchard, D. J., Lovren, V. O., ... & Balogun, A. L. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 and social isolation on academic staff and students at universities: a cross-sectional study. BMC public health, 21(1), 1-19. Leal Filho, Wall, Rayman-Bacchus, Mifsud, Pritchard, Lovren, and Balogun, carried out a study in 2020 aimed at identifying the perceived consequences of Covid-19 and isolation on the work of academic staff and studies of university students. The survey carried out employed the mixed method research where university students and academic staff from 41 countries were surveyed and required to respond to the questionnaires sent to them. The research findings in this study indicate that the shutdown significantly impacted a vast majority of university students and academic staff because they could not go to work or study for more than two months (Leal et al. 2020). However, a few respondents showed that it was a great time to reconnect with families and friends. I will use this source to build on my thesis statement and strengthen my argument on how Covid-19 and isolation have affected the life of university students and the academic staff. Kotera, Y., Green, P., Rhodes, C., Williams, A., Chircop, J., Spink, R., ... & Okere U. (2020). Dealing with isolation using online morning huddles for university lecturers during physical distancing by COVID-19: Field notes. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 21(4), 238-244. In this article, Kotera, Green, Rhodes, Williams, Chircop, Spink & Okere carried out a study in 2020 to determine the best ways to manage or deal with isolation. The experimental study was carried at the University of Derby Online Learning. It employed the use of online huddles every morning to ensure the well-being of the staff and students during isolation. The authors of this source highlight that the findings indicate that the huddles were essential and promoted the well-being of the participants, cultivated their compassion, team culture, and cohesion (Kotera et al. 2020). I will use this source to argue on the negative impacts of Covid-19 and isolation to university students and academic staff. I will also use this source to mention or recommend managing the impacts or effects of Covid-19 and isolation on university students and the academic staff. Cruz, M. F., Rodríguez, J. Á., Ruiz, I. Á., López, M. C., de Barros Camargo, C., Rosas, F. D., ... & Simón, E. J. L. (2020). Evaluation of the Emotional and Cognitive Regulation of young people in a lockdown situation due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Frontiers in psychology, 11. The authors of this article carried out a study to evaluate young peoples emotional and cognitive well-being during the isolation and Covid-19 pandemic. Cruz et al. (2020) argue that the psychological well-being of university students and academic staff is vital for their success and achievement. However, the unprecedented Covid-19 and stressful isolation impacted the students and academic staff. Therefore, the authors of this article wanted to determine students cognitive and emotional regulation, beliefs, and perceptions about the pandemic and the isolation situation (Cruz et al. 2020). Using the CERQ Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the study established that most students perceived the lockdown and isolation as a good measure to ensure they were healthy and safe; however, their grades and time to study were affected. I will use this source to support my argument on how Covi-19 and isolation have impacted university students and the academic staff. Issa, H., & Jaleel, E. (2021). Social isolation and psychological well-being: lessons from Covid-19. Management Science Letters, 11(2), 609-618. Issa and Jaleel (2021) conducted a study in 2021 on academic and non-academic staff in Iraq public universities to determine how social isolation during the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the psychological well-being of employees in the educational sector. The quantitative study revealed that emotional intelligence and social isolation play a vital role in the psychological well-being o the participants (Issa & Jaleel, 2021). Therefore, the study indicates that isolation significantly affected the psychological well-being of the participants. I will use this source in supporting my argument on the effects of the pandemic and isolation on the psychological well-being of universities and academic staff. Gallo, L. A., Gallo, T. F., Young, S. L., Moritz, K. M., & Akison, L. K. (2020). The impact of isolation measures due to COVID-19 on Australian university students energy intake and physical activity levels. Nutrients, 12(6), 1865. Gallo, Gallo, Young, Moritz, K. & Akison conducted a study in 2020 to determine the impacts of isolation measures on energy intake and physical activities in university students from Australia. The quantitative study revealed that the energy intake levels increased among the students during isolation compared to the intake in the previous years when there were no pandemic and isolation measures (Gallo et al. 2020). The authors of this study also illustrated that the physical activities among Australian university students decreased because of the persistent closure of gyms and online learning. The major effects were registered among female students as compared to male students. I will use this information to support my argument on the impacts of isolation on energy intake and physical activities among university students. Mucci, F., Mucci, N., & Diolaiuti, F. (2020). Lockdown and isolation: psychological aspects of COVID-19 pandemic in the general population. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17(2), 63-64. Federico Mucci, Nicola Mucci, and Francesca Diolaiuti conducted a study in 2020 to illustrate how the lockdown and social isolation during the pandemic have impacted the psychological well-being of the general population. The authors of this source argue that the lockdown and isolation were essential measures in physical containment; however, they triggered the emergence of mental health issues such as anxiety, fear, despair, and uncertainty (Mucci et al., 2020). This study indicates that lockdown and isolation have negatively impacted the psychological well-being of the general population across the world. I will use this source to support my arguments on the impacts of the pandemic and isolation on the academic staff and university students. Effects of COVID-19 and isolation on university students and academic staff STUDENT’S NAME INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION The emergency of the global health crisis due to coronavirus prompted the shutdown of academic institutions across the world. In quest of mitigating the spread of the pandemic, economies issued various measures to ensure the safety of their citizens. Isolation was one of the measures aimed at curbing the spread of the virus; however, the measure significantly impacted the students and academic staff members in American universities and the world in general. Higher Education Institutions required schools, educators, and students to adapt to online learning due to the isolation. Thesis statement: Social interaction is an essential aspect of humanitys life, therefore, COVID-19 and isolation have significantly impacted university students and the academic staff. Keywords: COVID-19 AND isolation AND university students OR academic staff Writing an Effective Topic or Micro Outline *** For information on a topic outline view the video in this week’s course content This checklist can help you write an effective topic or micro outline for your assignment. It will also help you discover where you may need to do additional research and prewriting. · Do I have a controlling idea that guides the development of the entire assignment? · Do I have enough main points that I want to make in this assignment? Does each main point connect to my controlling idea? · Is my outline in the best order—chronological order, spatial order, or order of importance—for me to present my main points? Will this order help me get my main point across? · Do I have supporting details that will help me inform, explain, or prove my main points? · Do I need to add more support? If so, where? · Do I need to make any adjustments in my working thesis statement before I consider it the final version? Micro Outlines A micro outline (also known as a sentence outline) goes into the little details of the paper and is particularly useful when the topic you are discussing is rather complex in nature. For this reason, it is often more useful to create an outline using complete sentences rather than the short phrases of the macro outline. In addition, it can sometimes be useful to insert the quotations you may use and subsequent analysis into your micro outline. This tactic can help by ensuring that you have enough support for your ideas as well as reminding you to actually analyze and discuss quotations rather than simply inserting them and moving on. By using complete sentences, you are able to see exactly what you are writing about instead of relying on key words to spark ideas Example Outline The following outline is for a 5-7 page paper discussing the link between educational attainment and health. Review the other sections of this document for more detailed information including major and minor points supported by research in this outline! I. Introduction A. Current Problem: Educational attainment rates are decreasing in the United States while healthcare costs are increasing. B. Population/Area of Focus: Unskilled or low-skilled adult workers C. Key Terms:  healthy, well-educated   Thesis Statement: Because of their income deficit (cite sources) and general susceptibility to depression (cite sources), students who drop out of high school before graduation maintain a higher risk for physical and mental health problems later in life. II. Background A. Historical Employment Overview: Unskilled laborers in the past were frequently unionized and adequately compensated for their work (cite sources). B. Historical Healthcare Overview: Unskilled laborers in the past were often provided adequate healthcare and benefits (cite sources). C. Current Link between Education and Employment Type: Increasingly, uneducated workers work in unskilled or low-skilled jobs (cite sources). D. Gaps in the Research: Little information exists exploring the health implications of the current conditions in low-skilled jobs. Major & Minor Points Major points are the building blocks of your paper. Major points build on each other, moving the paper forward and toward its conclusion. Each major point should be a clear claim that relates to the central argument of your paper. Sample Major Point: Employment and physical health may be a good first major point for this sample paper.  Here, a student might discuss how dropping out of high school often leads to fewer employment opportunities, and those employment opportunities that are available tend to be correlated with poor work environments and low pay. Minor points are subtopics within your major points. Minor points develop the nuances of your major points but may not be significant enough to warrant extended attention on their own. These may come in the form of statistics, examples from your sources, or supporting ideas. Sample Minor Point: A sample minor point of the previous major point (employment and physical health) might address worker injury or the frequent lack of health insurance benefits offered by low-paying employers. The rest of the body of your paper will be made up of more major and minor points. Each major point should advance the papers central argument, often building on the previous points, until you have provided enough evidence and analysis to justify your papers conclusion. More Major and Minor Points: In this paper, more major points might include mental health of high school dropouts, healthcare access for dropouts, and correlation between mental and physical health. Minor topics could include specific work environments, job satisfaction in various fields, and correlation between depression and chronic illness. III. Major Point 1:  Conditions of employment affect workers physical health.  A. Minor Point 1: Unskilled work environments are correlated highly with worker injury (cite sources). B. Minor Point 2: Unskilled work environments rarely provide healthcare or adequate injury recovery time (cite sources). IV. Major Point 2: Conditions of employment affect workers mental health A. Minor Point 1: Employment in a low-skilled position is highly correlated with dangerous levels of stress (cite sources). B. Minor Point 2: Stress is highly correlated with mental health issues (cite sources). V. Major Point 3: Physical health and mental health correlate directly with one another. A. Minor Point 1: Mental health problems and physical health problems are highly correlated (cite sources). B. Minor Point 2: Stress manifests itself in physical form (cite sources) VI. Major Point 4: People with more financial worries have more stress and worse physical health. A. Minor Point 1: Many high-school dropouts face financial problems (cite sources). B. Minor Point 2: Financial problems are often correlated with unhealthy lifestyle choices such unhealthy food choices, overconsumption/abuse of alcohol, chain smoking, abusive relationships, etc. (cite sources). VII. Conclusion A. Restatement of Thesis:  Students who drop out of high school are at a higher risk for both mental and physical health problems throughout their lives. B. Next Steps:  Society needs educational advocates; educators need to be aware of this situation and strive for student retention in order to promote healthy lifestyles and warn students of the risks associated with dropping out of school. VIII. References 3. Outline to Paper A. One of the best things about an outline is that you can start at any point and still know what you need to discuss before and after that section B. It may be that the act of writing these ideas out has spawned new ideas that simply need to be added to your outline As you can see from this example, a micro outline tends to be much longer than the topic outline. By using complete sentences, however, you are able to see exactly what you are writing about instead of relying on key words to spark ideas Some people also find it easier to move from a micro outline to the paper since there is so much already written, and they can simply continue to expand on the ideas with further analysis rather than trying to remember the reason why some point was included in the first place. Moving from the Outline to the Paper Once you have a satisfactory outline, you are ready to start writing the paper. One of the best things about an outline is that you can start at any point and still know what you need to discuss before and after that section. Try to follow the flow of the outline as much as possible, since that is its purpose. As you write, however, you may find yourself diverging from your outline. Don’t panic. It may be that the act of writing these ideas out has spawned new ideas that simply need to be added to your outline. Go ahead and add them, but make sure all the ideas still flow together well. On the other hand, moving away from the outline can also mean that you have lost your focus. How can you tell if you need to revise the paper or the outline? One method is to try a retro-outline, which means creating an outline from the paper once it is written (partially or entirely). This method is quite useful before handing in any paper, regardless of whether or not you made an initial outline. If it is difficult to create a retro-outline that makes sense and is clearly organized, then your paper needs revision. Your new outline can help you by showing you where the organization has broken down. CLIMATE CHANGE & HUMAN BEHAVIOR 3 Sample Student Written Outline I. Introduction Thesis statement: Climate change and the devastating effects on the environment are a direct result of human behavior. II. Background A. Existing research finds that there is very strong evidence that the climate is changing, that these changes are driven primarily by human activity.  (Baum, Haqq-Misra, & Karmosky, 2012, p. 404) B. We are facing rapid changes in the global climate, and these changes are attributable to human behavior. Humans produce this global impact through our use of natural resources, multiplied by the vast increase in population seen in the past 50 to 100 years. (Swim, Clayton, & Howard, 2011, p. 251) C. We must face the reality of climate change (“climate change is real”) and anthropogenic climate change (“climate change is caused by humans”). (Milfont, Milojev, Greaves, & Sibley, 2015, p. 17) III. Climate change is a global phenomenon. A. The global climate is rapidly changing. B. The effects of these changes are irreversible. IIII. Human beings are responsible for climate change. A. Human activities have resulted in damning consequences for climate change. B. Population growth and climate change. 1. Human beings have contributed to climate change by their alarming consumption of natural resources. 2. The Astronomically increasing rates of the population of human beings will see even more natural resources being used. IV. Human beings and the need for efficiency. A. Industrialization and its impact on climate change. B. The actions of humans may be altering the global climate system via emissions of greenhouse gases is quite extraordinary.  (Baum, Haqq-Misra, & Karmosky, 2012, p. 393) 1. The sources of greenhouse gas emissions 2. Effects of greenhouse gas emissions on climate change. 3. The dangers of burning fossil fuels. V. Environmental impacts of climate change are severe. A. Temperatures continue to rise at alarming rates B. Research indicates that observed temperature increases are human-driven. (Baum, Haqq-Misra, & Karmosky, 2012, p. 393) C. Evidence of changes in weather patterns due to climate change 1. Drought in California attributed to human induced climate change. (Cheng et al., 2016, p. 111) 2. Warm temperatures causes rapid melting of ice caps which mean rising sea levels. VI. Climate change is a pressing issue facing our planet and its inhabitants. (Swim et al, 2009) A. The human factor in causing climate change is undeniable. B. Human behavioral patterns have caused irreparable damage to the environment due to their contributions to climate change. VII. Conclusion The environmental effects of climate change results directly from human behavior. Human beings need to be more cognizant of the fact that due to their actions the planet and environment is suffering tremendously. The actions of human beings can mean destruction for the earth in years to come. Therefore, persons should be made aware of the consequences their actions have on the environment and seek to amend their behaviors. Little changes can prove to be helpful in the fight against climate change. VIII. References CLIMATE CHANGE & HUMAN BEHAVIOR 3 Student Outline I. Introduction Thesis statement: Animals are really important for the major-medical advances, and both animals and human beings will benefit from biomedical research. II. Background A. the author believes that the most important part of the problem “use of animal in research” is the political dimension. He pointed out that various organizations and individuals are attack Biomedical research in a political way. (Kaplan, 1998) B. Both animals and human being benefits from biomedical research. Since now, almost all advances in medical science has come from the full range of available experimentation. (Lachmann, 1992) C. The article stated that Paris plans to seek out some alternatives to instead of animals in research. (Trull, 2002) III. Animals research is important for medical development A. diseases eliminated as significant causes of death and illness with animal research B. Animal research has even contributed to better nutrition and sanitation, IIII. Better Research Results on Animal A. Animals often produce better research results than human beings because of their shorter life cycles. B. Many are biologically similar to humans. IV. The Duty of Animal research A. Animals should be used in research to keep the safety of humans. B. Scientists need to check if it is safe for humans to use. VI. The Large Contribution of Animal Research A. Animal testing has contributed to various treatments. B. more people would suffer from diseases if animals had never been tested for humans. (Polio vaccine, 2014) VII. Conclusion Animal research can help to create new medicine that saves the life of both humans and animals. Mainstream medical and scientific organizations and leading scientists all agree that animal research is essential for therapeutic progress. VII. Recommendations (if applicable)