Accounting Information System AIS - Accounting
Q5
Chapter 1
Accounting Information Systems: An Overview
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall
1-1
Learning Objectives
Distinguish between data and information.
Discuss t he charact erist ics of useful informat ion.
Explain how t o det ermine t he value of informat ion.
Explain the decision s an organization makes,
and the information needed to make them.
Identify the information that passes between
internal and external parties and an AIS.
Describe the major business processes present
in most companies.
Explain what an accounting information
system (AIS) is and describe its basic functions.
Discuss how an AIS can add value to an
organization.
Explain how an AIS and corporate strategy
affect each other.
Explain the role an AIS plays in a company’s
value chain. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-2
.التمييز بين البيانات والمعلومات▪
oناقش خصائص المعلومات المفيدة.
oاشرح كيفية تحديد قيمة المعلومات.
اشرح القرارات التي تتخذها المنظمة ▪
.والمعلومات الالزمة التخاذها
تحديد المعلومات التي تمر بين األطراف ▪
.AISالداخلية والخارجية و
دة في صف العمليات التجارية الرئيسية الموجو▪
.معظم الشركات
اشرح ما هو نظام المعلومات المحاسبية ▪
(AIS) ووصف وظائفه األساسية.
إضافة قيمة إلى AISناقش كيف يمكن لـ ▪
.المنظمة
AISاشرح كيف تؤثر استراتيجية ▪
.واستراتيجية الشركة على بعضها البعض
في سلسلة قيمة AISاشرح الدور الذي تلعبه ▪
.الشركة
What Is a System?
System
A set of two or more interrelated components interacting to achieve a
goal
Goal Conflict
Occurs when components act in their own interest without regard for
overall goal
Goal Congruence
Occurs when components acting in their own interest contribute toward
overall goal
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-3
النظام❑
مجموعة مكونة من مكونين أو أكثر من العناصر المترابطة التي •
تتفاعل لتحقيق الهدف
الصراع الهدف❑
ار يحدث عندما تتصرف المكونات في مصلحتها الخاصة دون اعتب•
للهدف العام
تطابق الهدف❑
يق يحدث عندما تساهم المكونات التي تعمل في مصلحتها في تحق•
الهدف العام
Data vs. Information
Data are facts that are
recorded and stored.
Insufficient for decision
making.
Information is processed
data used in decision
making.
Too much information
however, will make it
more, not less, difficult to
make decisions. This is
known as Information
Overload.
Information
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-4
.زينهاالبيانات هي الحقائق التي يتم تسجيلها وتخ❑
.غير كافية التخاذ القرار▪
.رارتتم معالجة المعلومات المستخدمة في صنع الق❑
ومع ذلك ، فإن الكثير من المعلومات ، ▪
ب سيجعل األمر أكثر ، وليس أقل ، من الصع
هذا هو المعروف باسم . اتخاذ القرارات
.الحمل الزائد للمعلومات
Value of Information
Benefits
Reduce Uncertainty
Improve Decisions
Improve Planning
Improve Scheduling
تقليل عدم اليقين
تحسين القرارات
تحسين التخطيط
تحسين الجدولة
Costs
Time & Resources
Produce
Information
Distribute
Information
الوقت والموارد
إنتاج المعلومات
توزيع المعلومات
1-5
Benefit $’s > Cost $’s
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall
What Makes Information Useful?
Necessary characteristics:
Relevant
“The capacity of information to make
a difference in a decision by helping
users to form predictions about the
outcomes of past, present, and future
events or to confirm or correct prior
expectations.”
Reliable
“The quality of information that
assures that information is reasonably
free from error and bias and faithfully
represents what it purports to
represent.”
Complete
“The inclusion in reported information
of everything material that is
necessary for faithful representation
of the relevant phenomena.”
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-6
:الخصائص الضرورية❑
ذو صلة❑
قدرة المعلومات على إحداث ❑
تغيير في أي قرار عن طريق
ن مساعدة المستخدمين على تكوي
تنبؤات حول نتائج األحداث
ة أو الماضية والحالية والمستقبلي
لتأكيد أو تصحيح التوقعات
.السابقة
موثوق❑
جودة المعلومات التي تضمن أن❑
ن المعلومات خالية بشكل معقول م
الخطأ والتحيز وتمثل بأمانة ما
.يزعم أنها تمثل
اكتمال❑
ا تضمين المعلومات المبلغ عنه❑
يل في كل المواد الضرورية للتمث
.األمين للظواهر ذات الصلة
What Makes Information Useful?
Timely
“Having information available to a
decision maker before it loses its
capacity to influence decisions.”
Understandable
“The quality of information that
enables users to perceive its
significance.”
Verifiable
“The ability through consensus among
measurers to ensure that information
represents what it purports to
represent or that the chosen method
of measurement has been used
without error or bias.”
Accessible
Available when needed (see Timely)
and in a useful format (see
Understandable).
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-7
زمني❑
بل توفر المعلومات لصانع القرار ق❑
أن يفقد قدرته على التأثير في
.القرارات
مفهوم❑
جودة المعلومات التي تمكن ❑
.المستخدمين من إدراك أهميتها
يمكن التحقق منها❑
القدرة من خالل اإلجماع بين ❑
القائمين على التأكد من أن
ه أو المعلومات تمثل ما تعتزم تمثيل
أن طريقة القياس المختارة قد
.استخدمت دون خطأ أو تحيز
يمكن الوصول❑
ت انظر في الوق)متوفر عند الحاجة ❑
انظر)وبتنسيق مفيد ( المناسب
(.مفهومة
Business Process
Systems working
toward
organizational goals
أنظمة العمل نحو األهداف
التنظيمية
Rev enue
Expenditure
Production
Human
Resources
Financing
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-8
Business Process Cycles
Revenue
Expenditure
Production
Human
Resources
Financing
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-9
إيرادات❑
المصروفات❑
إنتاج❑
الموارد البشرية❑
تمويل❑
Business Transactions
Give–Get
exchanges
Between two
entities
Measured in
economic
terms
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-10
أعط ، الحصول ❑
على التبادالت
بين كيانين❑
تقاس من الناحية ❑
االقتصادية
Business Cycle Give–Get
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-11
Accounting Information Systems
Collect, process, store,
and report data and
information
If Accounting =
language of business
AIS = information
providing vehicle
Accounting = AIS
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-12
جمع ومعالجة وتخزين ❑
واإلبالغ عن البيانات
والمعلومات
لغة العمل= إذا المحاسبة ❑
❑AIS = معلومات توفر
السيارة
AIS= المحاسبة ❑
Components of an AIS
People using the system
Procedures and Instructions
For collecting, processing, and storing
data
Data
Software
Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure
Computers, peripherals, networks,
and so on
Internal Control and Security
Safeguard the system and its data
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-13
الناس الذين يستخدمون ❑
النظام
اإلجراءات والتعليمات❑
لجمع ومعالجة وتخزين ❑
البيانات
البيانات❑
البرمجيات❑
وجيا البنية التحتية لتكنول❑
المعلومات
أجهزة الكمبيوتر ❑
واألجهزة الطرفية
والشبكات وما إلى ذلك
الرقابة الداخلية واألمن❑
حماية النظام وبياناته❑
AIS and Business Functions
Collect and store data
about organizational:
Activities, resources, and
personnel
Transform data into
information enabling
Management to:
Plan, execute, control, and
evaluate
Activities, resources, and
personnel
Provide adequate control to
safeguard
Assets and data Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-14
ول جمع وتخزين البيانات ح❑
:التنظيمية
األنشطة والموارد ❑
والموظفين
تحويل البيانات إلى ❑
معلومات تمكين
:اإلدارة إلى❑
تخطيط وتنفيذ ❑
ومراقبة وتقييم
األنشطة ❑
والموارد
والموظفين
حمايةتوفير سيطرة كافية لل❑
األصول والبيانات❑
AIS Value Add
Improve Quality and
Reduce Costs
Improve Efficiency
Improve Sharing
Knowledge
Improve Supply Chain
Improve Internal Control
Improve Decision
Making
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-15
تحسين الجودة ❑
وخفض التكاليف
تحسين الكفاءة❑
تحسين تبادل ❑
المعرفة
تحسين سلسلة ❑
التوريد
تحسين الرقابة ❑
الداخلية
تحسين صنع ❑
القرار
Improve Decision Making
Identify situations that
require action.
Provide alternative
choices.
Reduce uncertainty.
Provide feedback on
previous decisions.
Provide accurate and
timely information.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-16
تحديد الحاالت التي ❑
.تتطلب العمل
.تقديم خيارات بديلة❑
.تقليل عدم اليقين❑
تقديم مالحظات على ❑
.القرارات السابقة
في تقديم معلومات دقيقة و❑
.الوقت المناسب
Value Chain
The set of activities a product or service
moves along before as output it is sold to
a customer
At each activity the product or service gains
value
يعها إلى مجموعة األنشطة التي ينقلها المنتج أو الخدمة من قبل كما يتم ب❑
أحد العمالء
في كل نشاط قيمة المنتج أو الخدمة المكاسب❑
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-17
Value Chain—Primary Activities
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-18
Value Chain—Support Activities
Firm
Infrastructure
Human
Resources
Technology
Purchasing
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-19
Value Chain
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-20
AIS and Corporate Strategy
Organizations have limited
resources, thus investments
to AIS should have
greatest impact on ROI.
Organizations need to
understand:
✓IT developments
✓Business strategy
✓Organizational culture
Will effect and be effected by new
AIS
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-21
ون تمتلك المنظمات موارد محدودة ، وبالتالي يجب أن يك
.أكبر تأثير على عائد االستثمار AISلالستثمارات في
:تحتاج المنظمات إلى فهم
تطورات تكنولوجيا المعلومات✓
استراتيجية العمل✓
الثقافة التنظيمية✓
جديد AISسيؤثر ويتأثر بواسطة
Chapter 2
Overview of Transaction Processing and ERP Systems
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall
2-1
Learning Objectives
Describe the four major steps in the
data processing cycle.
Describe the major activities in
each cycle.
Describe documents and
procedures used to collected and
process data.
Describe the ways information is
stored in computer-based
information systems.
Discuss the types of information
that an AIS can provide.
Discuss how organizations use ERP
systems to process transactions and
provide information.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 2-2
صف الخطوات األربع الرئيسية في
.دورة معالجة البيانات
صف األنشطة الرئيسية في كل
.دورة
صف المستندات واإلجراءات
المستخدمة لجمع البيانات
.ومعالجتها
صف الطرق التي يتم بها تخزين
المعلومات في أنظمة المعلومات
.المعتمدة على الكمبيوتر
ناقش أنواع المعلومات التي يمكن
.AISأن تقدمها
ناقش كيفية استخدام المؤسسات
ألنظمة تخطيط موارد المؤسسات
لمعالجة …
College of Administration and Finance Sciences
Assignment (1)
Deadline: Saturday 16/10/2021 @ 23:59
Course Name: Introduction to AIS
Student’s Name:
Course Code: ACCT402
Student’s ID Number:
Semester: 1st
CRN: 14010
Academic Year: 1443 H
For Instructor’s Use only
Instructor’s Name: Dr. Mohammed Arshad Khan
Students’ Grade: /5
Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low
Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY
· The Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD format only) via allocated folder.
· Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.
· Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.
· Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.
· Late submission will NOT be accepted.
· Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.
· All answers must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism.
· Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.
Assignment Question(s): (Marks 5)
IMPORTANT NOTE: Answer in your own words, DO NOT COPY from slides, fellow student, or internet source without proper citation.
Assignment Question(s):
Q1. How do an organization’s business processes and lines of business affect the design of its AIS? Give 4 examples of how differences among organizations are reflected in their AIS.
(1 Mark)
Q2. Discuss at least one advantage and one disadvantage of stating well-defined corporate strategies in the annual report
(1 Mark)
Q3. Some individuals argue that accountants should focus on producing financial statements and leave the design and production of managerial reports to information systems specialists. What are the advantages and disadvantages of following this advice? To what extent should accountants be involved in producing reports that include more than just financial measures of performance? Why?
(1 Mark)
Q4. Do you agree that the most effective way to obtain adequate system security is to rely on the integrity of company employees? Why or why not? Does this seem ironic? What should a company do to ensure the integrity of its employees?
(1 Mark)
Q5. What motives do people have for hacking? Why has hacking become so popular in recent years? Do you regard it as a crime? Explain your position.
(1 Mark)
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