Fluent Essays

Literature Review is a research paper about your topic.  Most Action Research (AR) topics are very specific, you will most likely need to generalize your topics.  For example, if your AR project involves collecting business requirements for a new system, you may not find academic research about collecting business requirements for a new system.  You will be able to find research about business requirements and process change, 3-4 pages, minimum of eight (8) professional references Proposal – this is your plan - review the template, which should provide you with some common ideas regarding how to document your proposal Briefly summarize (a paragraph or two for) each of the proposed (AR) iteration (at least 4 iterations) Include a visual representation – (example provided in template)           Submit to Blackboard Week 3 assignment section per scheduled time and date on the Course Outline/Syllabus. Think of this assignment as chapter two and three of your research paper.  Only submit the Literature review and Proposal (Do not include your Introduction and methodology - especially the references for those sections). Check the Literature review part kwa io template Running head:LITERATURE REVIEW ON WEB DEVELOPMENT IN COMMERCE 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON WEB DEVELOPMENT IN COMMERCE 2 Literature reviews on web development in commerce Author name Institutional affiliation Contents 3 Literature review on web development in commerce 3 1.0 Introduction 4 1.1 Primary features of the Web-based development in e-commerce 4 1.1.1 A philosophy 5 1.1.2 Scope 5 1.1.3 Technique and tools 5 1.2 Framework 6 1.3 Web management strategy 7 1.4 Web development in commerce characteristics 8 1.5 E-commerce and SMEs 12 2.0 Emerging challenges and trends in web development in e-commerce 12 2.1 Perceived benefits 12 2.2 E-commerce strategy 13 2.3 E-commerce law 14 2.4 Requirements Analysis Techniques of the web development application 14 2.5 Functional requirements 15 2.6 Design phase 16 2.7 Comparison of web development applications in e-commerce with other web developments 17 2.8 Evaluation of the web development applications and techniques 18 3.0 Limitations of web developments in e-commerce 19 4.0 Proposal 19 4.1 Iteration 1: statement of the problem/topic of discussion 19 4.2 Iteration 2: the objectives and study objectives determination 20 4.3 Iteration 3: Research methodology and data analysis 20 4.4 Iteration 4: The research findings, results, reporting and recommendations for future research 22 References Literature review on web development in commerce 1.0 Introduction The most common assumption in the modern day research is that methods, techniques, and processes that are employed in applications developments have radically changed as the concentration of applications has transformed from the ancient information systems to the modern day world wide web (Bryman & Bell, 2015). As a result, there has been needing for a research that will ensure that an internet commerce development methodology that deals with the intensity and the challenges that come with the issue of online marketing. In essence, the internet and the global website have had significance implications on the operation and the nature of the modern day business operations. At the same time, the changing demands, tastes, and preferences of customers has as well played a critical role on the requirements of the approaches used in developing these systems (Bryman & Bell, 2015). Any web application in commerce should focus on business in such a way that it should be driven by the strategy of the business and not necessary the technological, implementation. Besides, the web application should as well take into consideration the external focus in the name of customers. Apparently, the rapidly changing environment of businesses establishes the need for evolutionary developments and development cycles approaches. On a general perspective e, some scholars may argue that the issues rose as far as the internet and commerce are concerned are not new to humankind (Uzun, 2013). However, rather than classifying commerce as a new parading in development, then it is important to categorize it as a new subject in the information system discipline (Bryman & Bell, 2015). Nevertheless, based on scholarly articles that revolve around the topic of e-commerce, it is assumed that the ancient development techniques are no longer applied in the modern development framework. 1.1 Primary features of the Web-based development in e-commerce The web based development application attempts to deal with the issues related to emphasizing the focus of the business, the speed of change and the external focus in terms of customers. The web based development application will be made up of the following primary features. 1.1.1 A philosophy A web based development application views e-commerce developments as initiatives put in place by an organization and in the process, it ensures that it takes into consideration the need to deal with managerial (Stringer, 2013). Organizational and strategic cultural, issues coupled with the technical details of implementation and design. In this case, it is wise for the development application to offer a subjective holistic perspective in the sense that, the e-commerce development applications can never be effective if the organizational culture and management are not conducive for the forthcoming web development change (Bryman & Bell, 2015). In simple terms, the definition of an e-commerce strategy revolves around a range of information opinions and sources (Hajli, 2013). Moreover, a web-development application takes into consideration an e-commerce environment in such a way that the political, functional boundaries and cultural nuances are merged in the process. Therefore, a web development application in e-commerce can be implemented successfully if only its context of implementation is effective and appropriate. 1.1.2 Scope A web development application in e-commerce can act as development methodology as well as a business analysis. Additionally, many traditional information systems cover only those technical aspects of e-commerce systems development and in essence, they do not engage in any form of business analysis (Stringer, 2013). On the other hand, internet commerce in its own right is a business direction and in the process, it needs a comprehensive analysis of the overall business strategy. In simple terms, it takes into consideration an extensive range of factors including the conduction of SWOT analysis of the area in which the business is operating (Bryman & Bell, 2015). In other words, the changing consumer preferences and tastes are also influential in the development of the web application in commerce. Therefore, it is important for a management structure that will be capable of supporting internet commerce in an organization (Gregor & Hevner, 2013). 1.1.3 Technique and tools A web development application in commerce is believed to have a number of component phases that are able to guide the development evaluation strategy together with the application website (Stringer, 2013). In this case, all the business issues that relate to the internet database connections, Web page design, security issues, methods, and implementation tools are also taken into consideration. 1.2 Framework An internet development methodology can provide a framework that can be easily be adopted in the establishment of a web development in e-commerce (Uzun, 2013). In the process, it is applicable to a wide range of situations most especially where business organizations are looking to gain net revenues based on e-commerce. Figure 1: issues that are factored in web development in e-commerce ( source: web images: https://www.google.com/search?q=overview+of+ICDM+(INTERNET+COMMERCE+DEVELOPMENT+METHODOLOGY)&biw=1366&bih=657&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiGoYOBiZzPAhWKv48KHVWzC6UQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=go-I45J5RFPdRM\%3A 1.3 Web management strategy The internet Commerce methodology recommends that the development and implementation of a web development ion e-commerce should be done in three phases. In this case, the management and the overall development of the internet application can be viewed as an ongoing task and in the process, it can be considered as a functional component of a web application(Uzun, 2013). The first phase or rather the first tier of the web development is acknowledged as a management and meta-development perspective that offers the framework necessary for development. Additionally, the second tier involves the development of the website components. In this case, it is important to note that at each stage, the work that is done should be classified as evolutionary in order to cope with any modifications, challenges, and changes that will have to be encountered (Bryman & Bell, 2015). Moreover, the final and the third tier in the development and the management structure encompasses the implementing and developing systems and in this case, it includes the analysts, technical teams web development consultants and content specialists as shown in the figure below Organizational web management team Website of component production team Analysts/ discipline specialists/programmers/ web consultants 1.4 Web development in commerce characteristics Internet has been transformed in a number of ways since its origins in terms of the business facet and the social facet. Additionally, in one hand, it can be argued that the internet has evolved into a facet to transmit information between organizations and persons and in the process; it permits socializing and communication (Bryman & Bell ,2015). On the other hand, it can be said to have benefited companies, organizations, and corporations in conduction of their business operations through the ability to carry out better and faster business activities such as promotion, buying and selling among others. The business aspect of the internet is believed to have come into existence in the early stages of Electronic Fund Transfer around the 1960s. Together with the Electronic Data Interchange, they became the talk of the town around 1968. Nevertheless, its existence was not taken seriously until the year 1984 when the issue of the internet became popular because of the introduction of Netscape. Additionally, the issue of e-commerce started existing around the 1990’s when the practitioners and companies became are of the benefits and the potential associated with the application of the internet into business operations. As a result, the popularity of e-commerce and its application has become popular since then. Web development in e-commerce falls in the umbrella of an extensive are that is acknowledged as the e-business (Bryman & Bell ,2015). Additionally, this concept top some people can be relatively new but on a large4 scale, it is acknowledged as the rise of the tech industry and the internet applications in general around 1995 to the year 2000. Within this time, it can be argued that so many companies were established to adopt the internet use in reaching to an extensive base of customers. Moreover, quite a number of internet-born business companies were either small or medium size enterprises or were experiencing their conception stages 1.5 E-commerce and SMEs SMEs are generally accepted as one of the most crucial sectors in the economy since they play a crucial role in the economic growth, employment, and social cohesion as well as local and regional development (Wirtz, Piehler & Ullrich, 2013). Additionally, communication and information technologies are uniquely modifying the nature of business around the globe. In other words, innovations in technology like ICTs and e-commerce are as of recent becoming more diffuse among business operations since most barriers are reduced substantially by the advent of open standards, lower costs and more ubiquitous Internet-based technology. Moreover, the adoption of the internet is crucial to the generation of an extensive base for customers but on the contrary, a number of scholars argue that a wide number of benefits are not being realized. 1.6 Factors determining web development in E-commerce It is universally known that there are factors that inhibit or facilitate the implementation of web development in e-commerce (Bryman & Bell ,2015). Additionally, there are also some factors that can be classified as intermediaries in the sense that, they are either inhibitors or facilitators of web development in e-commerce. Some of the well-known factors based on literature reviews are as in the table below. Factor Reference Inhibitor/facilitator Organizational readiness On a general level, this can be taken to mean the extent that accompany is willing and ready to adopt a new advancement in technology. In this case, the knowledge and skills of the technology coupled with the support of IT vendors is crucial to the readiness of a company (Bryman & Bell ,2015).. Lack of resources and time Most companies lack the willingness and need to implement innovations like e-commerce and information technology. In so doing, it prevents most business companies to exploit new business opportunities or exploit new resources (Wirtz, Piehler & Ullrich, 2013). inhibitor Lack of understanding The lack of comprehension of the necessity and need to adopt certain technological innovation s in commerce inhibits the progress of most companies of adopting them in bridging the gap that exists within their company (Bryman & Bell ,2015).. Organizational structure The failure for most organizations to plan the exploitation and introduction of an advance3d technology occurs because of the limitations facilitated by the management (Wirtz, Piehler & Ullrich, 2013) either Web champion The person in charge of the implementation of the e-commerce may not necessarily be the owner of the SME (Hajli,2013). facilitator Owner or Manager influence The already existing literature has shown that the issue of corporate champion is very crucial to the success of the SMEs. In other words, a company that is likely to move towards the strategy of e-commerce , its stakeholders or owner must have be positively embroiled in IT and related activities (Hajli,2013). Either Business need As far as evidence is concerned, it can be argued that there is very limited evidence that supports the fact that business strategy encourages internet adoption. However, whenever the companies recognize the need of conducting a business, then internet adoption is very easy(Hajli,2013). facilitator Perceived advantages Stringer (2013) established that perceived advantages were very crucial in the adoption of web development in e-commerce. Facilitator Cost factors On a business strategic level, information systems are employed in business operations in order to reduce the cost of production, transactions, and coordination. On some occasions, they are employed in adding value to business operations. However, most SMEs view the issue of e-commerce as a cost (Stringer, 2013). either Table: facilitators and inhibitors of web development in e-commerce 2.0 Emerging challenges and trends in web development in e-commerce 2.1 Perceived benefits It is argued that, the aspect of perceived benefits of web development plays a very crucial role in the adoption of e-business as its strategy. Additionally, the reviewed literatures indicated that the issue of perceived benefits is the major driving force in the adoption of e-commerce. 2.2 E-commerce strategy As in any new venture, the initial step in producing good returns is establishing goals. Additionally, once a business has established its goals, then the next potential step is setting the business plans. In such a case, conducting a SWOT analysis is vey influential in assessing the company’s weaknesses, strengths, opportunities, and threats of the current business environment. Moreover, it is important for the company to review its entire operations and not just segments of its day-to-day operations (Bryman & Bell ,2015). After the conduction of the SWOT analysis, it is important for the company to evaluate and find out whether the web development fits into the company’s overall vision (Bryman & Bell ,2015). As a result, it will ensure that business objectives for the current annual year in which the company established objectives for customers, sales, new systems, profits, customers and new staff.Apparently, after the company objectives have been set up, it is then the right time to conduct a web development consultant. Moreover, other relevant tools that can ensure that the web development in your business is effectively implemented based on the need and demand is PEST,MOST and Porters Five Forces analysis. 2.3 E-commerce law Besides having a good business strategy, it is crucial to have a fundamental comprehension of e-commerce law. In this case, those individuals who sell online most especially those who engage in global business face various financial and legal considerations as far as the security, copyright and privacy is concerned (Wirtz, Piehler & Ullrich, 2013). The Federal Trade Commission controls most e-commerce activities. In this case, all the activities revolving around online advertising, consumer privacy, commercial emails and business staffs privacy (Bryman & Bell ,2015). Apparently, business retain and collect personal information that is sensitive about their clients and in the process, the company is subject to stearate and federal privacy laws based on the type of data they request from their clients (Bryman & Bell ,2015). Furthermore, across many states, there are various laws that govern online advertising and in an effort of controlling and protecting the privacy of consumers and help, the country in ensuring truthful buying and selling practices online. 2.4 Requirements Analysis Techniques of the web development application There are information collection techniques that especially relevant to the web applications definition of requirements. Additionally, this techniques are important for projects where a tendency of innovation can substantially improve the system success by ensuring that it offers a competitive edge of the for the business. In this case, by employing communication, techniques can enhance the definition of the logical requirements that are needed for web development in e-commerce. For instance, the two group communication methods employed in the ICDM-Internet Commerce Development Methodology are the Group Requirements Sessions and brainstorming. Apparently, brainstorming is employed in the definition of alternative ways of applying internet commerce in e-commerce and GRS is used in ensuring that detailed requirements in a very fast manner with the inclusion of suppliers, customers and internal staff. On the other hand, prototypes can be put in place to help in defining the needs and requirements. Particularly, the detailed information and data transaction requirements and marketing systems can on a business scale be trialed with clients. Furthermore, the prototypes employed in this web development will be employed largely when it comes to design phase of development. 2.5 Functional requirements The methods used in the design phase of a web development application in e-commerce depend on the functionality and the type of system. In this regard, three known web systems can be developed in an e-commerce setting (Bryman & Bell ,2015). The types of web systems include; basic interactive systems, document publishing systems and complex transactions systems. Apparently, it is not always not a requirement that web projects that are meant to transform an organization need to be embedded with complex transaction systems. In simple terms, any useful information that is effectively and clearly presented coupled with simple database interactivity is acknowledged to possess the potential to ensure that the business works effectively. 2.6 Design phase As much as this section has not been explored in so many literature reviews, it can be argues that this aspect involves designing the web development network infrastructure, developing security controls and developing the business website (Wirtz, Piehler & Ullrich, 2013). In the process, the design of the web development in e-commerce should take into consideration some of the following factors: the desired Image, promotion, usability, and evaluation with customers. Implementation and evolution phases of the web development application The web development implementation is closely associated with meta-development strategies. Additionally, it is not easy to implement and design a web application in one project lifecycle unless the web site involved in ecommerce is small. In other words, a web development application goes through an evolution phase and rarely do they have an established project completion. In this case, the continual evolution of the web application in e-commerce should be managed and controlled by the web development management team of the business company. Apparently, the web management team should comprise of senior administrators from each functional department of the organization (Bryman & Bell ,2015). In simple terms, it is their responsibility to take control and ensure that the implementation of the web development strategy in e-commerce and any associated changes in the direction of the organization strategy is done based on the objectives of the company. Besides, they should as well establish policies on the individuals who can add to the established web development applications, the design guidelines and the content in the web development. 2.7 Comparison of web development applications in e-commerce with other web developments To show the importance to f web development sin e-commerce, some literature reviews have compared its application to other web development methodologies. Additionally, philosophy, tools key techniques, features and the focus of the web development application as the comparison frameworks. Web development in e-commerce is accepted as the only business strategy model that emphasizes on the business analysis and strategy. Moreover, the concentration is equally on conducive organizational culture and developed management structure coupled with web applications development. On the contrary, the other web development applications do not deal with the significance of evolutionary development directly since they take a more ancient approach to development. Therefore, on an e-commerce point of view, it is necessary that web development applications encompass ways of realizing a customer-centered approach and outside output in the design, requirements, and evaluation stages. Hence, only web developments in e-commerce deals with such matters effectively. Web developments in e-commerce Howcrofft and Carroll 2000 Fournier, R 1998 philosophy subjectivist Structured/objectivist objectivist Scope Organizational change, business analysis, design implementation and analysis Analysis and implementation Analysis to implementation Key tools and techniques SWOT,BPR group requirements, team composition, management structure, design guidelines, user involvement framework Web site design, objectives analysis Joint facilitated solutions, technical architecture design Methodology focus Web development application, organizational infrastructure Web application Information infrastructure External /internal emphasis external internal internal Systems development view evolutionary Project view Project view 2.8 Evaluation of the web development applications and techniques The effectiveness of a web development application in e-commerce can be measured and determined in a number of ways. Additionally, it can be measured based ion the rationale, requirements, or the need to determine whether the issues in question have been met through the employment of the web development approach. One advantage of employing these criteria revolves around the fact that the system developers can conduct it and in end, this exercise is inexpensive and it takes very little time to carry out. Another potential method of evaluating web development application is through focus groups. Based on literature reviews, many focus groups have indicated the fact that web development application in e-commerce has an advantage of collecting data from a number of people hence increasing the chances of reaching out to so many customers. 3.0 Limitations of web developments in e-commerce Internet employment in e-commerce like many applications possesses weaknesses and merits (Wirtz, Piehler & Ullrich, 2013). In this case, as much as much as cultural consideration is one of the main factors to consider before the implementation of a web development, it was noted that more comprehensive details need to be embedded in web development applications in e-commerce especially as far as culture is concerned. In other words, establishment of an innovative organizational culture is a very challenging task most especially given the fact that web development in every company is at a different initiation point (Wirtz, Piehler & Ullrich, 2013). On general terms, it can be argued that, perhaps unrealistic preferences and expectation are made on web development applications in e-commerce but in real sense, it tries to indicate the acknowledged given by scholars and business practitioners to the internet implementation in commerce and the challenges faced in the process. A recurring issue as far as web development in e-commerce is concerned is offering sufficiently flexible internet application guidelines and in the process offering support for company specific factors. Additionally, most corporations use e-commerce mainly for business-to-business transactions. However, as much as the web developments offer some information in this regard, it can be termed as limited. Besides, for small business companies, much of the web development application methodology would be outsourced. 4.0 Proposal The main purpose of this research paper is to explore the methodology of a web development in e-commerce. Additionally, the focus of this research will revolve around an Internet Commerce Development Methodology that will act as the reference point for the establishment of a web development in commerce. In essence, an action research is important in this regard because of the realization of business organization that most of the business transactions in the modern world are conducted online and so many customers and suppliers prefer carrying out their transactions online (Bryman & Bell, 2015). Besides, they have also realized that the traditional information systems do not offer data assessment options. In this case, therefore, this proposal also seeks to establish some of the tools that can be embedded in the web development design so as it may make it easier to manage and assess data.AS a result, this action research on web development in commerce will be made up of four iteration as discussed below. 4.1 Iteration 1: statement of the problem/topic of discussion The topic under discussion in this research “web development in commerce” will be defined and discussed in brief. Additionally, the reasons why the study needed to be conducted will; also be stated. In simple terms, in so doing, the action research will gain some momentum and direction hence in the process; a timeline of research will also be postulated. 4.2 Iteration 2: the objectives and study objectives determination. The objectives of research in which the action research will be based will be determined in this section. Additionally, the plan of action will be described in detail tom ensure that the research will have a framework to base on. In this case, the objectives of research will act as the baseline of the research study and the plan of action will be the backbone of the necessary steps that will be followed in the research. 4.3 Iteration 3: Research methodology and data analysis In this action research study, this iteration will revolve around gathering and collection of relevant data to the topic under study and most especially on the problem of research using the research objectives as the baseline (Bryman & Bell, 2015). After the collection of the data, they will as well be analyzed under this iteration using a number of statistical methods and tools. Apparently, the methods of data collection, tools of research analysis and evaluation will be determined based on the nature of the action research. 4.4 Iteration 4: The research findings, results, reporting and recommendations for future research The final iteration in this research will be iteration 4.In this category, the discussed of the data that was collected and analyzed will be conducted. Additionally, the findings of this research will be explored and analyzed in a report format. In this case, discuss content synthesis findings will also in order to identify some of the research gaps that were evident in this action research.AS a result, suggestions on the future research works will be made based on the limitations of this action research.The visual representaion of all the iteration stages are as shown below Figure 3: visual representation of the iteration steps References Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2015). Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Gregor, S., & Hevner, A. R. (2013). Positioning and presenting design science research for maximum impact. MIS quarterly, 37(2), 337-355. Hajli, M. (2013). A research framework for social commerce adoption. Information Management & Computer Security, 21(3), 144-154. Stringer, E. T. (2013). Action research. Sage Publications. Uzun, A. (2013). A novel e-commerce web portal: a student led co-creation case within an SME and a University of Applied Sciences. Wirtz, B. W., Piehler, R., & Ullrich, S. (2013). Determinants of social media website attractiveness. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 14(1), 11. research Action research Iteration 1: Study topic/problem Iteration 4: Findings, further research Iteration 3: Data collection, analysis Iteration 2: Objectives/action plan