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I need u check my powerpoint and correct it if there any mistake and add 10 more slide i need it after 4 hours Barret`s Theory of Power as knowing Participation in Change Prepared by - Nora Almotairi -Munayfah Aldhafeeri -Teflah Alsahali Learning Objectives By the end of the presentation, the audience should be able to Describe Barret`s theory of power as knowing participation in change Explain the background information of the barret’s theory Discuss the relevance of the barret’s theory in nursing Explain how the barret’s theory is applied in nursing practice Define health pattern and explain the examples of health pattern modalities Discuss the implications of the barret’s theory Brief Description “The theory of power as knowing participation in change was derived from Rogers’ science of unitary human beings. Following testing and research of the theory and measurement instrument, a practice methodology was developed and the health patterning practice model was initiated” (Barrett, 2010, p. 47). The theory focuses on power-as-freedom, in sharp contrast to power-as- control. Power-as-freedom comes from and is associated with participating knowingly in life changes. (Barrett, E. (2010). Power as knowing participation in change: What’s new and what’s next. Nursing Science Quarterly, 23, 47-54.) The purpose of barrett theory The purpose of this case study is to demonstrate integration of the research-based standardized languages of NANDA-I, the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), and the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) with Barretts middle range theory of power to support a womans experience of ending sexual exploitation and stopping drug use. ELIZABETH ANN MANHART BARRETT Education BSN, MSN, MA, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN PhD in nursing (1984), New York University, New York, NY Experience More than 40 years of experience as a practitioner, educator, researcher, and administrator at universities in New York and Indiana” including a faculty position at Hunter College of City University of New York (now Professor Emerita) and a private practice as a Health Patterning Therapist. (Barrett, E. A. M. (2015). Background Information Dr. Barrret developed the theory from a perspective of Roger`s science on unitary human beings. According to Roger`s science, humans can knowingly participate in a change but they can`t start or stop it. Barret developed both a theory for power and its measuring instrument. After testing and research of the theory, they developed a practice methodology. Also, they initiated a health patterning practice model Diagram of Barret’s Theory In Barret`s theory, power is based upon Roger`s concept of power as freedom (Phillips, 2017). Power as freedom is associated with knowingly participating in life changes. The theory proves that nurses should be aware of what change they chose and freely participate in it. According to Barrett (2017), there are limitations of each nursing frameworks and theories and each theory should have a chance to improve the quality of life. Relevance of the theory in nursing Barret`s theory provides nurses with a chance to understand both their individual power and the power in groups, where they work. It is also possible to use this theory and ensure that all participants in a group are ready for work and use their knowledge. It can help in preparing nurses for various changes and improve their knowledge regarding various situations and settings. Working with awareness is the key to success among nurses. Definition of theory DEFINITION:  Power is the capacity to participate knowingly in change as manifest by awareness, choices, freedom to act intentionally, and involvement in creating change. There are four indivisible DIMENSIONS of power:  awareness, choices, freedom to act intentionally, and involvement in creating change. There are two TYPES of power: power-as-control and power-as-freedom. There are many, many FORMS in which the two types of power manifest in the world. Power as control Awareness Choices Freedom to act intentionally Involvement in creating change Power as freedom Awareness Choices Freedom to act intentionally Involvement in creating change Barrett proposes, is the capacity to participate knowingly in the nature of change characterizing the continuous mutual process of people and their world.  The observable, measurable dimensions of power are awareness, choices, freedom to act intentionally, and involvement in creating change (Barrett, 1983).  There is no order in which these dimensions occur, nor do they manifest in a lock-step fashion.  In fact, they are inseparable and continuously fluctuating (Barrett, 2004).  The four dimensions are measured by 12 characteristics using the Power as Knowing Participation in Change Tool (PKPCT).  These characteristics are the belief systems that inhibit or enhance power by organizing life decisions concerning how people  participate in change.  Relevance of the theory in nursing Barret`s theory provides nurses with a chance to understand both their individual power and the power in groups, where they work. It is also possible to use this theory and ensure that all participants in a group are ready for work and use their knowledge. It can help in preparing nurses for various changes and improve their knowledge regarding various situations and settings. Working with awareness is the key to success among nurses. (Barret, 2017) How the theory is applicable in nursing practice Healthcare organizations are undergoing constant changes. Incase of any changes regarding nursing practice activities, nurses rely on Barret`s theory to get prepared for the changes. Power of nurse managers and staff nurses to knowingly participate in change, it will help maintain an optimal professional nursing practice. It will promote job satisfaction, involvement and diversity. Nurses being aware of the changes will help them focus attention on what they are capable of perceiving. (Smith, 2019) Nurse managers play a major role in retention of staff, budgeting allocations, quality of patient care and overall unit operations. It is important for the nurse managers to understand the interplay of power as freedom. In power as freedom, there is a mutual interacting process between the environment and humans as opposed to power in control. A mutual interacting process ensures that the needs of the nursing staff are being considered. This promotes a mutually supportive work environment, thus promoting job satisfaction Cont` Nurses have to get more information about the changes so that they can improve their awareness and participate knowingly. Also, after being aware their choices will relate to direct energies capable of making the changes a reality. Since the theory also describes power in freedom, Nurses should follow the changes freely. They should set their goals based on their needs and possibilities. They are also allowed to make feedbacks and share their opinions and experiences. Cont` All these provide a sense of involvement for the nurses . Once nurses are able to give their opinions about the perceived changes, and their opinions considered, it promotes a sense of involvement. Involvement encourages positive outcomes among nurses and also helps them get a better understanding of the changes. This allows nurses to develop new skills and abilities, thus encouraging diversity. (Malinski, 2018) How the theory supports the experience in nursing practice In my experience, Barret`s theory can be used in supporting the transition of a client from power in control to power in freedom. For instance Barret`s power was used in client who was once sexually abused and was infected with HIV at 15 years old. Although she informed her partners about her status, she enjoyed the power she had from sex work and didn`t use protection. She always thought that she was giving her clients an informed choice. She also took her ARVs for 10 years. At some point, she got engaged in some criminal activities, to avoid incarceration she accepted to be admitted in a rehabilitation program. This is when she decided to change her lifestyle and improve her health. Also, the use of Barret`s theory in clinical practice can help improve the quality of life especially among those with chronic conditions. People with these conditions influence their health promoting activities through their desire to achieve certain domains. Also having power of control on their own life and the freedom to make decisions will help improve their quality of life. (Gimber, 2019) Barret’s theory Applicable in nursing practice Research has been published a review of the power knowing participation in change research literature , more than 90 studies have been conducted using the theory and/or measurement instrument The tool has been translated into more languages the translation allow for testing a basic premise of the power theory that the capacity to participate knowingly in change is a quality of all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, nationality, or country of residence Health patterning methodology 1- pattern manifestation knowing and appreciation  as the continuous process of apprehending the human and environmental field the nurse or other health care provider works with the person/group/community to discover what is going on and what is wanted 2- Voluntary mutual patterning Is defined as the continuous process whereby the nurse assists clients to freely choose with awareness ways to participate in their well-being the nurse assists the person to “freely choose with awareness ways to participate to make happen the changes they want to happen and to enhance their well-being by focusing on intention, aim, and direction with no attachment to outcome Health pattern Health patterning is exploring with people ways to make the changes they want to make health patterning is a power enhancement therapy that guides people to use their power-as-freedom to participate knowingly in creating the changes they want to make in their lives by becoming increasingly aware, making more powerful choices, feeling free to act on their intentions, and in- volving themselves in creating change. Health patterning modalities Health patterning modalities are general approaches used to help people use their power in new ways. includes lifestyle changes, struggles with illness, difficulties in living, and enhancement of power-as-freedom through involvement in the healing encounter These modalities are selected within the context of what is happening in a person’s life and in relation to the nurse’s knowledge and skill in using them as well as the client’s personal preferences. Examples of the health patterning modalities Health patterning imagery exercise Power presentation The power imagery process Health pattern imagery EXERCISE it is necessary to continue voluntary mutual patterning to explore her experience, perception, and expression until comfort returns Health patterning modalities can be used in most situations that nurses encounter. People often come to me seeking relief from emotional pattern manifestations related to physical illness POWER PRESCRIPTION Power Prescriptions are the specific ways the health patterning modalities are used with a particular individual or group, as opposed to the general category of health patterning modalities.  Power Prescriptions are not like medical prescriptions, is to guide people toward developing awareness, making more powerful choices, feeling free to act on their intentions, and becoming involved in creating specific changes in their lives THE POWER IMAGERY PROCESS The Power-Imagery Process (PIP) will teach you how to expand your power through using imagery and mentally-based exercises that are tailor-made from findings on your Power Profile The power tool : The Power Tool (PKPCT), otherwise known as the POWER METER, measures power.  There are 52 items in a paper and pencil format that assess the four dimensions of power (awareness, choices, freedom to act intentionally, and involvement in creating change).  The findings, known as the  Power Profile, define areas of greater power and lesser power.  This next step is to create an individualized  Power Prescription  that provides a plan to strengthen one’s power through using various Health Patterning modalities. The Power Profile describes: the nature of the awareness of experiences; the type of choices one makes; the degree to which one uses the freedom to act intentionally; and the manner of involvement in creating specific changes in one’s life. How the theory support the experience in nursing practice Barret`s theory can be used in supporting the transition of a client from power in control to power in freedom. Nurse managers play a major role in retention of staff, budgeting allocations, quality of patient care and overall unit operations It is important for the nurse managers to understand the interplay of power as freedom. In power as freedom, there is a mutual interacting process between the environment and humans as opposed to power in control conclusion Awareness and change are important aspects in a healthcare organization. Without awareness there will be no positive change. For nurses to achieve their goals, they have to use power as a tool of change . The nursing process helps support a person`s use of power to achieve their health goals A mutual interacting process ensures that the needs of the nursing staff are being considered. This promotes a mutually supportive work environment, thus promoting job satisfaction. references Barrett, E. A. M. (2017). Again, what is nursing science?. Nursing science quarterly, 30(2), 129-133. Gimber, P. J. (2019). Relations amongst Power, Self-Health Patterning, and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Chronic Illness (Doctoral dissertation, City University of New York). Malinski, V. M. (2018). The Importance of a Nursing Theoretical Framework for Nursing Practice: Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings and Barrett’s Theory of Knowing Participation in Change as Exemplars. Cultura del Cuidado Enfermeria, 15(2), 6-13. Smith, M. C. (2019). Nursing theories and nursing practice. FA Davis. Barrett, E.A.M. (1983).  An empirical investigation of Martha E. Rogers principle of helicy:  The relationship of human field motion and power.  Unpublished doctoral dissertation, New York University, New York. references Barrett, E.A.M. (1989).  A nursing theory of power for nursing practice: Derivation from Rogers paradigm.  In J. Riehl (Ed.).  Conceptual models for nursing practice (3rd ed.).  (pp. 207-217).   Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange Barrett, EA.M. (1986). Investigation of the principle of helicy: The relationship of human field motion and power.  In V.M. Malinski (Ed.).  Exploration on Martha Rogers science of unitary human beings (pp. 173-188).  Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Barrett, E.A.M. (1990a) A measure of power as knowing participation in change.  In O. Strickland & C. Waltz (Eds.).  The measurement of nursing outcomes: Measuring client self-care and coping skills (Vol. 4) (pp. 159-180).  New York: Springer. Nursing theories and nursing practice – fourth edition