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1 Research Proposal INSTRUCTIONS Please read carefully In each Critique, I would like you to address the following points: 1. Is the proposal written so that it is clear and understandable to you? 0. If so, what do you like most about the writing? 0. If not, what aspects or specific passages are most confusing? 1. Do the research question(s) follow logically from the review of the literature? Please explain your reasoning. 1. How well do the research question(s) fit the 3 criteria we discussed for a good research question? 2. (1) Something that can be answered with research 2. (2) Something that is feasible given time and cost constraints 2. (3) Something that is ethical to research 1. Are the research type and methods well-suited to answering the research question? Why or why not? 1. Any other suggestions you have for your classmate to improve their proposal? For each point, do not simply give a yes/no answer, but explain why you think that way. Critique should be relatively brief, no more than 1 page in length. RESEARCH PROPOSOL FOR CRITIQUE Introduction Social media started in the ’90s but did not become popular until the early 2000s. We are now in 2021, and social media has become the most popular and common tool to stay connected. I decided to join social media in 2010 because my friends told me that it was a fun tool to stay connected to everyone. The minute I joined Twitter and Instagram, I was addicted. Social media kept me informed on everything going on around me and allowed me to connect to people I had not seen in a long time. Over the years of using it, I was so addicted to it that I found myself tweeting every minute of the day. One day I tweeted a tweet and used an incorrect word. A friend of mine retweeted the tweet to correct me, and that tweet was retweeted by hundreds of people saying mean things. I remember being so depressed with what people were saying, and it affected my mental health immediately. I remember hurting so bad and wanting it to end. I started to feel less about myself and went into a dark place. At the time, I did not know what that meant. After learning about mental health, I know that I suffered from anxiety and depression. Even now, if one of my friends mentions it, I think about it. It was vital for me to research if social Media is the trigger to depression and anxiety. Literature Review Social Media is becoming a new channel for accumulating human and intellectual capital, as evidenced by the proportion of people who use SM to learn, share knowledge, and access expertise. 43\% 35\% 22\% share knowledge access expertise and uses of Social Media (Forbes, 2012); However, Social Media usage does not necessarily increase productivity. Indeed, it can be argued that some content consumed on Social Media is of little economic value (e.g. ‘LOLCats’) and can even distract user’s attention from productive activities. Therefore, without further investigation, it is not clear to what extent social Media contributes to economic growth (Dell’Anno et al., 2015). The importance of this topic is to get the perspective of others to gain knowledge on mental health. Since the beginning of time, mental disorders have been around, and it was just swept under the rug and labeled as crazy. Vlogs of social media influencers are an attractive platform for food industries to promote their products. Watching these vlogs has become a huge part of children’s daily media consumption, for many children even taking the place of watching television programs (Smit et al., 2020). Social media influencers are targeting kids in every way. The article above breaks down the influence that that social media influencers have on children. Social media’s adverse effects may come from passive social media use (PSMU)—that is, scrolling through news feeds or browsing photographs of friends. Experimental research has shown that PSMU decreases the effective well-, sense of belonging and life. Furthermore, cross-sectional research indicates that PSMU positively correlates with depressed mood. As depressed mood is a core symptom and a strong predictor of depression, this observation suggests that PSMU may constitute a risk factor for depression (Aalbers et al., 2019). The article breaks down how social Media triggers depression. The research has proven that the symptoms of depression tie into the use of social media. There have been different researches focusing on various aspects of social media and its effects on human behaviors. One popular topic is the associations between social media and psychological factors, such as depression and anxiety, loneliness, envy, etc. Notably, emerging adults are among the most researched groups because of their psychological and developmental characteristics. A recent survey in Turkey reported that approximately 91\% of people aged 16–24 years were internet users, and according to internet usage purposes, social networks came first with 84.1\% (Turkish Statistical Institute). The use of social media, which facilitates life in many ways, brought issues related to physical and psychological health (Karaman, 2019). The World Health Organization reported that 10–20\% of children and adolescents worldwide experience mental health problems. It is estimated that 50\% of all mental disorders are established by 14 and 75\% by 18. The most common disorders in children and adolescents are generalized anxiety disorder and depression, respectively. According to the Royal Society for Public Health & Young Health Movement, the prevalence of anxiety and depression has increased by 70\% in the past 25 years in young people. Depression and anxiety have adverse consequences on adolescent development, including lower educational attainment, school dropout, impaired social relationships, and increased risk of substance abuse, mental health problems. Suicide Morgan reported that the rate of self-harm in the UK has risen by 68\% in girls aged 13–16 over the last ten years (Keles et al., 2019). Methods · Participants: There will be seven participants, and most of the participants used will be active participants on social media. In contrast, the other half will be participants that are not active. The purpose of using non-active social media participants is to measure the effects of not using social media. The Sampling Method will be used to gather research from each participant. The participants will be chosen by people I know that personally. · Procedures: There will be a list of interview questions given to participants via phone or email · Questions (TBA) · Ethics: There will be consent forms filled out before interview questions are asked to participants. This study will only consist of adults, so there will be no adult consent for a minor. See Appendix A below for a copy consent form. · Analysis: The plan is to gather the data using Qualitative Research and being open using sensitivity and engagement on the conversation of social median and the triggers of depression and anxiety. Each component of answers will be measured, and generalization will be considered in each response from the participant. References Aalbers, G., McNally, R. J., Heeren, A., de Wit, S., & Fried, E. I. (2019). Social media and depression symptoms: A network perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(8), 1454–1462. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000528 Dell’Anno, R., Rayna, T., & Solomon, O. H. (2015). Impact of Social Media on economic growth–evidence from social media. Applied Economics Letters, 23(9), 633–636. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1095992 Karaman, M. A. (2019). Examining associations between social media use, depression, global health, and sleep disturbance among emerging adults. Research on Education and Media, 11(2), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.2478/rem-2019-0022 Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2019). A systematic review: The influence of social Media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851 Smit, C. R., Buijs, L., van Woudenberg, T. J., Bevelander, K. E., & Buijzen, M. (2020). The impact of social media influencers on children’s dietary behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02975 Appendix A CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE ___________________________ (Jessica Terrell ) has approached me, __________________________ (participant name), to participate as part of the student’s class projects for the course Research and Evaluation (CMHC640) at the University of Redlands, under the direction of Professor John Carter. My participation in this project may involve answering brief survey-type questions, being observed in my normal day-to-day behavior, and responding to a few in-depth interview questions. The topics covered will include basic demographic information and my opinions concerning a variety of topical issues and events. All data collected by the student is only to demonstrate research methods for course instructional purposes. I understand that neither my name nor any uniquely identifying information will be tied to my responses. The data will never be presented in any professional or scientific format outside of the classroom. My preferred contact number or email address, which will be listed on a separate sheet, may only be used by the Professor to verify the student’s work, and will not be given out or distributed to anyone. I understand that even if I agree to participate now, I can withdraw at any time or refuse to answer any question without any consequences of any kind. I understand that I can withdraw permission to use data from my interview within two weeks after the interview, in which case the material will be deleted. I have had the purpose and nature of the study explained to me in writing, and I have had the opportunity to ask questions about the survey. I understand that participation involves… [outline briefly in simple terms what participation in your research will involve]. I understand that I will not benefit directly from participating in this research. I agree to my interview being audio-recorded. I understand that all information I provide for this study will be treated confidentially. I understand that in any report on the results of this research my identity will remain anonymous. This will be done by changing my name and disguising any details of my interview which may reveal my identity or the identity of people I speak about. I understand that my participation is voluntary and that I am free to quit at any time. The research should be low-impact in nature, and is not expected to lead to any significant harm nor benefit to myself. Any questions contact me via email at [email protected] or Dr. Carter at [email protected] . ___ I understand the above conditions and wish to participate in this student’s project. ___ I do NOT wish to participate.