BIOLOGY

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Endocrine and Nervous System Endocrine Ed Online Interactive Worksheet HORMONES AND FEEDBACK 1. Most hormones are secreted by an ________________________________ gland. 2. How do hormones travel around the body? ____________________________________. 3. ________________ ______________ have receptors for the hormones. 4. ________________________ is a state of being in balance. 5. Once homeostasis is achieved, the ____________________ causes the production of the hormone to turn off. This is part of the negative feedback mechanism. Complete the diagram as it relates to the process of growth in humans: Pituitary gland ____________________________ ______________________ (effect) Without feedback, what would happen to a person’s height? _____________________________ Questions: 1. How does a feedback loop work? 2. What would happen if negative feedback did not occur? ADRENALINE AND STRESS 1. List several effects of adrenaline: 2. Adrenaline gets the body ready for ___________________________________________. Game: control Ed’s adrenaline What is one thing that will raise his adrenaline level? Quiz: 1. In which situation would adrenaline most likely be secreted by the adrenal glands? 2. When sufficient adrenaline has been secreted, production stops. This is part of the mechanism known as _________________________ feedback. MELATONIN AND SLEEP 1. Melatonin production is high when it is ______________________________. 2. Melatonin is secreted by the ___________________________ gland. 3. Do melatonin levels remain constant from the time you fall asleep until the time you wake up? _______________________ BLOOD SUGAR HORMONES 1. Most cells are affected by insulin; what three cell types are highlighted in this simulation that have insulin receptors? 2. Insulin causes cells to ____________________ sugar and therefore ________________ blood sugar levels. 3. Glucagon causes the ___________________ to release sugar and causes blood sugar levels to ____________________. Game: When you exercise, blood sugar levels ________________________ causing the release of ____________________________ to bring those levels back to normal ranges. FUN QUIZ Matching: hormones to their function _____ 1. Raises blood sugar A. adrenaline _____ 2. Helps you sleep B. glucagon _____ 3. Increases muscle strength C. insulin _____ 4. Lowers blood sugar D. melatonin 5. Calcitonin lowers blood calcium adding that calcium to the _____________________. 6. The parathyroid _____________________ blood calcium by taking the calcium from the __________________. 7. Once homeostasis is reached, hormone release will be _________________________. 8. If blood sugar levels are too high, _____________________ is released. 9. If blood sugar levels are too low, ______________________ is released. 10. Antidiuretics (ADH) help the body retain water by affecting the ________________________ (organ). 11. You would most likely produce ADH when you are ____________________________. Reaction Time Experiment Instructions & Worksheet 1. Get a 30 cm ruler. 2. One person holds the ruler near the 30 cm mark and lets it hang vertically. The other person places their thumb and index finger about 4 cm apart on either side of the 0 cm mark, ready to catch it when it falls (their fingers should NOT touch the ruler). 3. Without warning the person holding the ruler lets go and the subject tries to catch the ruler as soon as possible. [Hint: to prevent guessing, vary the time before letting go of the ruler.] 4. Do 5 practice runs without recording the results. 5. Now record the results (in Table 1 on the next page) for 5 additional trials of the same experiment. The level (in cm) just above the subject’s first finger where the ruler was caught is recorded in Table 1 (use the first column marked standard 4 cm). 6. Repeat the experiment holding your fingers 10 cm apart. Record your results in the appropriate column. 7. Repeat the experiment with fingers 4 cm apart while saying every other letter of the alphabet as you wait for the ruler to drop. Record your results in the appropriate column. 8. Now repeat the experiment (4 cm apart) with the following twist: only catch the ruler when your partner says the key word “monkey.” Be sure to say the word just before dropping the ruler. Your partner should try to trick you by occasionally dropping the ruler just after saying other, incorrect, words. For instance, if the experimenter says “banana” and then drops the ruler, don’t catch it! Keep trying until you catch the ruler 5 times in a row on the correct word WITHOUT any mistaken catches on the wrong word. Record your results in the appropriate column. 9. Identify a new question you could test with this experiment (after changing one of the variables): Question: 10. Write down your hypothesis for how you expect your reaction time to change with this new variable, compared to the variables that have already been tested. Hypothesis: 11. Repeat the experiment (4 cm apart) with this new variation. Record the length at which the ruler was caught for those 5 times under the “Your Choice” column in Table 1. Table 1: Results of reaction ruler drop trials Standard (4 cm) Standard (10 cm) Alphabet (4 cm) Key Word (4 cm) Your Choice (4 cm) Trial 1 cm cm cm cm cm Trial 2 cm cm cm cm cm Trial 3 cm cm cm cm cm Trial 4 cm cm cm cm cm Trial 5 cm cm cm cm cm Mean catch distance cm cm cm cm cm Mean reaction time* ms ms ms ms ms *We’ll work out your mean reaction time results in a minute, but first – here comes the science! The Science Of Catching The Ruler The experiment tests how long it takes the brain to translate visual information (falling ruler) into your voluntary (or conscious) motor commands and actions (grasping finger movements) that lead to the ruler being caught. The shorter the time, the faster your reactions.….that’s if you were paying attention in the first place! Indeed practice specifically affects the “associative centers” in the brain, so that you can respond faster to what’s happening in your visual world. The flow of information along the ‘visual’ and ‘motor’ nerve pathways is relatively constant even with lots of practice. It all comes down to attention! Motor cortex receives instructions Frontal lobe makes decision 6 Brain 5 sensory input distance travelled Occipital (visual) lobe Motor command to catch ruler Spinal cord 8 7 4 3 2 1 ruler RULER + FALLING = What should I do ? Eye Arm visual information about falling ruler grasping action How Did You Do? From the table below, the ‘mean catch distance’ on the ruler can be converted into a ‘mean reaction time’ in milliseconds (ms). Note: 1 millisecond is one thousandth of a second. CATCH DISTANCE – REACTION TIME CONVERSION TABLE Catch distance (cm) Reaction time (ms) Catch distance (cm) Reaction time (ms) 1 50 16 180 2 60 17 190 3 70 18 190 4 80 19 200 5 90 20 200 6 100 21 210 7 120 22 210 8 130 23 220 9 140 24 220 10 140 25 230 11 150 26 230 12 160 27 230 13 160 28 240 14 170 29 240 15 170 30 250 REACTION TIME RATING Reaction time Rating Comment (milliseconds) 0-50 Ultra-fast A clairvoyant catcher… are you cheating?!? 50-130 Superb Impressive, do you play computer games? 131-175 Excellent Well done, are you a lightning fast texter? 176-200 Good Keep trying, youre not top gun yet! 201-240 Average Not bad – but you’re just Joe Average. 241-250 Fair You’d get faster if it were money instead of a ruler! 251+ Slow …ouch! Did the ruler hit your foot? Keep trying! Remember… Milliseconds are one thousandth of a second. This means that: One second (s) = 1000 milliseconds (ms) Half of a second (0.5s) = 500 ms A quarter of a second (0.25s) = 250 ms One tenth of a second (0.1s) = 100 ms Questions Question #1: Is there a difference in the calculated reaction time between the 4 cm and the 10 cm trials? Which one seems to be faster? Why do you think this is? Question #2: Did your reaction time increase or decrease while you were saying the alphabet? Explain why you think this happens. Question #3: Did your reaction time increase or decrease when you had to listen for the key word? Explain why you think this happens. Question #4: Based on your reaction time results for the alphabet and key word trials, do you think that laws requiring hands-free cellphone use in moving vehicles goes far enough in prevented distracted driving? Explain why you feel this way. Question #5: Did your reaction time increase or decrease with the “Your Choice” experiment? Explain why you think this happens. Question #6: How do you think the speed of your reaction to catch a ruler would compare to your REFLEX after touching a hot surface? What makes it possible for one of these responses to be faster than the other?
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Your assignment may be more than 5 paragraphs but not less. INSTRUCTIONS:  To access the FNU Online Library for journals and articles you can go the FNU library link here:  https://www.fnu.edu/library/ In order to n that draws upon the theoretical reading to explain and contextualize the design choices. Be sure to directly quote or paraphrase the reading ce to the vaccine. Your campaign must educate and inform the audience on the benefits but also create for safe and open dialogue. A key metric of your campaign will be the direct increase in numbers.  Key outcomes: The approach that you take must be clear Mechanical Engineering Organic chemistry Geometry nment Topic You will need to pick one topic for your project (5 pts) Literature search You will need to perform a literature search for your topic Geophysics you been involved with a company doing a redesign of business processes Communication on Customer Relations. 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Furman was originally sentenced to death because of a murder he committed in Georgia but the court debated whether or not this was a violation of his 8th amend One of the first conflicts that would need to be investigated would be whether the human service professional followed the responsibility to client ethical standard.  While developing a relationship with client it is important to clarify that if danger or Ethical behavior is a critical topic in the workplace because the impact of it can make or break a business No matter which type of health care organization With a direct sale During the pandemic Computers are being used to monitor the spread of outbreaks in different areas of the world and with this record 3. Furman v. Georgia is a U.S Supreme Court case that resolves around the Eighth Amendments ban on cruel and unsual punishment in death penalty cases. The Furman v. Georgia case was based on Furman being convicted of murder in Georgia. 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