Fluent Essays

Please see rubric for directions plagiarism free turn report required MUST RECEIVE 85\% or better EMH 380 Emergency Management Simulation: Decision Making Directions: The following simulation is a notional exercise broken into 4 defined time periods in which you will be evaluated on your use of all skills and knowledge that has been presented in this mod There are 4 operating periods. Each operating period will begin with a debrief and require an action to be completed by you. Upon completing each action you may be asked to complete or answer situational tasks in order to define your knowledge and grasp of the concepts taught in the Mod. In each slide you will see a red arrow, every time you see this you will need to perform an action Additional actionable items will be titled “INJECT” and have a lightening bolt next to it. All reference materials are available. You may even use ones not talked about in class, just ensure they are of a professional or academic resource grade. (NO Wikipedia!) Always ensure you report where you obtained your information from for any decision made. If its not verifiable it will not be considered correct! Directions Continued Simply click through the slides and watch the presentation. Read carefully – all of the information is there to complete your tasks! Grades will be based on participation and use of the references and skills learned in the past 7 weeks – the more detailed you are… the better your grade! At a minimum your response will include one full Incident Action Plan for the 4 incident periods (Forms 201 and 202) and a 1-2 page explanation for each decision inject. Make sure you view all the presentations in order to make an informed decision. You will find links to the necessary ICS documents and incident related information in your course on Blackboard (Week 8) Contact your instructor with simulation operation questions. BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND INCIDENT SCENARIO South Hamden Township is a rural area at the southernmost end of Landis County, New Columbia. The township includes the village of Hope Springs, which is surrounded by a golf course, schools, farmland, and the newer residential communities of Lilly, Misty Acres, and Sugar Mountain. A map of the area is provided on the following page. The township also has several significant businesses including a butter processing plant. Hope Springs was so named because of its location atop the third largest natural aquifer in the country. Rainbow River is fed by 34 springs, which produce more than 24 million gallons of water each day. The water is used for drinking in Hope Springs and the northeastern end of the township. The geological underlay in and around Hope Springs is primarily limestone. Because of high subsurface water levels and because the limestone base is continually eroded by water movement, the entire area is subject to sink holes. It is 11:30 a.m. on Thursday, March 2. The temperature is a mild 68 degrees, and the wind is from the south-southwest at 5 miles per hour, both of which are unusual for this time of year. Many of the residents are outside enjoying the nice weather. Children at the Frantz Elementary School are enjoying outdoor recess time. South Hamden Township and the Village of Hope Springs HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL SHIPPING INFORMATION IDENTIFICATION - DOMESTIC TRANSPORTATION Proper Shipping Name (172.101(c)): Chlorine (Technical Name(s)) 172.203(k): N/A Hazard Class 172.101(d): 2.3 UN/NA# 172.101(e): UN 1017 Haz. Substance 171.8: RQ (Chlorine) Reportable Quantity (Appendix A to 172.101): 10 LB Inhalation Hazard 172.2a(b): Zone B, Poison-Inhalation Hazard, Marine Pollutant Package Code 172.101(f): N/A Placarded: Poison Gas PACKAGING (Part 173) Packaging Section (172.101(i)) - Col. 8(a): None Col. 8(b): 173.304 Col. 8(c): 173.314, 173.315 General Packaging Section - General 173.24 Hazard Class: POISON GAS MARKING A. Proper Shipping Name (172.301(a)) (Technical Name) (172.301(b)) B. UN/NA Number (172.301(a)) C. Name & Address (172.301(d)) D. THIS END UP (172.312(a)) E. Hazardous Substance RQ (Name) (172.324) ORM Designation (172.316(a)) Inhalation Hazard (172.313(a)) DOMESTIC LABELING 1 HMT LABELS (172.400) 2 Additional Subsidiary Hazard (172.402(a)): 8 (Corrosive) DANGEROUS GOODS DETERMINATION (38th Edition) IATA Air Transport of This Material if Forbidden (Passenger and Cargo) July 2006 Page 1-17 Operational Period 1 Message 1: The Communications Center has just received a call from the security guard at the water treatment plant. There has been a release of chlorine outside the facility. The alarm is sounding. The security guard at the plant does not know if the release is contained and tells the dispatcher that employees are evacuating. You are asked to provide incident management for the entire incident to its completion from both the Township Board and the Village Mayor The first fire company arrives at the scene at 11:42 a.m. to find a cloud along the ground. The wind direction is taking the cloud toward the Village of Hope Springs. Message 1 Continued: Firefighters notice that the building is placarded with an NFPA 704 Diamond with the markings 4-0-0. There is also an “OXY” in the white area of the diamond. It is now 11:54 a.m. The IC has talked to the water plant manager who confirms a leak in a 1-ton chlorine container. The container was punctured when a fork truck operator inadvertently struck it. The operator and two coworkers are unaccounted for. The elementary school principal calls to ask what is needed to protect the students, faculty, and staff. The Communications Center has informed the IC that it has dispatched all available personnel. The estimated time of arrival for the HazMat team is 32 minutes. Your plan should include: Establish the initial incident command structure Use the ERG to determine the risks posed by chlorine and determine safe distances. Establish control zones (hot, warm, and cold) around the incident. Restrict access to the facility. Establish initial response priorities (i.e., protect the public and responders, protect property, protect the environment). Determine the required Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for the chemical, and verify that all responders have appropriate PPE. Determine additional resource needs and request resources as needed. Establish accountability for plant workers and response personnel. Make necessary notifications. Task: Using the appropriate FEMA forms and a separate report(where necessary), answer / complete the following tasks as listed to formulate a complete Incident Action Plan for this event. Suggested Plan items: Notify appropriate agency (agencies) of chemical release. Conduct a safety briefing for all responders, and implement responder safety measures. Request an MSDS. Advise the school to get all children inside, shut doors and windows, turn off ventilation systems, and remain indoors until advised otherwise. Develop a public safety strategy, including in-place sheltering and notification to the public. Appoint a Public Information Officer (PIO) to develop a media release and Emergency Alert System (EAS) message that encompasses what is occurring at the school. Identify a location for a staging area. Determine additional resource needs and process requests. Notify local emergency management personnel and make a determination about whether the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) should be opened. 6 Inject: You want to use the reverse 911 system to alert residents of the potential problems that may occur and advise them to shelter in place. The Mayor has stated that he would rather not “start a panic” TASK Write a convincing email to the Mayor citing best practices for using reverse 911 and the potential effects of not allowing your decision to proceed. Make sure you cite the evidence for your best practices Operational Period 2 Message 2: It is now 12 p.m. The wind speed has increased to 10 miles per hour and remains from the south-southwest. Six evacuated workers are having trouble breathing and are complaining of burning of the eyes and throat. Firefighters have reported that they can see that three persons are down in the cloud and appear to be unconscious. Message 2 Continued It is now 12:15 p.m., and the HazMat team arrives at the scene. The chair of the township Board of Supervisors arrives. The supervisor is concerned about the residents and contamination of the Rainbow River and ground water. Task: Using the appropriate FEMA forms and a separate report (where necessary),incorporate this information into your existing Incident Action Plan. Your Plan Should Include: Triage, provide immediate treatment, and transport the injured personnel. Notify the closest medical facility to expect the injured. Get an estimate of the timeframe required for dissipation based on the estimated size of the release and projected weather conditions. Verify the hot, warm, and cold zones. Adjust the perimeter as necessary to account for the change in wind speed. Inject: The ground water supply is possibly contaminated by this event. The Treatment Plant Director has cited an all time low in water tax collections and has asked that you wait until a confirmation can be made before you call any outside resources or alert residents to a potential threat. TASK Do some research on your own and cite a similar situation where residents were not warned of a potential health hazard. Provide an argument using this historic event as a lesson learned that can be shown to the Plant Director Be sure to include: -Incident background -The outcomes - Any criminal or civil actions that arose from the decision not to inform the public Operational Period 3 Message 3: • It is now 12:15 p.m., and the HazMat team arrives at the scene. Task • Update your IAP to reflect the new information. Task: • The Hazardous Materials team advises you that you need to contact a clean-up contractor. The Water Treatment facility is a municipal entity and as such will be responsible for the entire cost of any clean up. With already record low water tax collections the municipality is extremely taxed. The clean up contractors for hazardous materials events is usually taken from a State bid list. The Mayor has informed you that his childhood friend and campaign manager is the owner of a well known clean-up contracting business. He is however not on the established state list. The Mayor has assurances from his friend that he will minimize the clean-up costs while still completing the legally required clean-up. Given this information, formulate an ethical argument either for or against the use of the Mayor’s friend’s company. You may cite regulation from your local area if you wish or personal experience if you would like. If you choose to use personal experience as your argument make sure you include a detailed description of your experience. THERE IS NO RIGHT OR WRONG ANSWER! To receive full credit you must include WHY you would or would not! Inject: Operational Period 4 Message 5: It is 1:25 p.m. The chlorine cloud appears to be dissipating. The crew at the elementary school reports a density of .4 part per million (ppm) of chlorine around the school. The concentration at the edge of the cold zone is .25 ppm. A cleanup crew has been dispatched and will be on-site in the a.m. Task: Update your Incident Action Plan to reflect the new information. Message 6: It is 3 p.m. The bodies of the three workers at the plant have been retrieved. All others have been accounted for, treated, and released. The National Weather Service (NWS) forecasts that a cold front will be passing through within the next several hours and with that will come a return to more normal temperatures. The wind is expected to shift to the northwest and increase to 15 to 20 miles per hour, dissipating the remaining chlorine. Contaminant levels are now at .15 ppm throughout the area. Task: The bodies of the 3 employees that have been removed from the building are still lying under sheets in the plant’s front lobby. The Chief Medical Examiner, will not move the bodies due to their potential contamination and insists that he / she will do their investigation on site when they get there in he next 48 hours. You know that you will need to store the bodies somewhere on site until he gets there. The local hospital and funeral homes also refuse to move the bodies due to potential contamination. You have been asked to make a decision on how to handle the problem. Make a decision on how to handle the bodies. Use your creativity. If your solution is less than orthodox from how traditional bodies are stored be sure to defend your decision. Incident Briefing (ICS 201) 1. Incident Name: 2. Incident Number: 3. Date/Time Initiated: Date: Date Time: HHMM 4. Map/Sketch (include sketch, showing the total area of operations, the incident site/area, impacted and threatened areas, overflight results, trajectories, impacted shorelines, or other graphics depicting situational status and resource assignment): 5. Situation Summary and Health and Safety Briefing (for briefings or transfer of command): Recognize potential incident Health and Safety Hazards and develop necessary measures (remove hazard, provide personal protective equipment, warn people of the hazard) to protect responders from those hazards. 6. Prepared by: Name: Position/Title: Signature: __________________ ICS 201, Page 1 Date/Time: Date Incident Briefing (ICS 201) 1. Incident Name: 2. Incident Number: 3. Date/Time Initiated: Date: Date Time: HHMM 7. Current and Planned Objectives: 8. Current and Planned Actions, Strategies, and Tactics: Time: Actions: HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM HHMM 6. Prepared by: Name: Position/Title: Signature: ICS 201, Page 2 Date/Time: Date Incident Briefing (ICS 201) 1. Incident Name: 2. Incident Number: 3. Date/Time Initiated: Date: Date Time: HHMM 9. Current Organization (fill in additional organization as appropriate): Incident Commander Liaison Officer Click here to enter text. Safety Officer Click here to enter text. Public Information Officer Click here to enter text. Operations Section Chief Click here to enter text. Planning Section Chief Click here to enter text. Logistics Section Chief Click here to enter text. Finance/Admin Section Chief Click here to enter text. 6. Prepared by: Name: Position/Title: Signature: ICS 201, Page 3 Date/Time: Date Incident Briefing (ICS 201) 1. Incident Name: 2. Incident Number: 3. Date/Time Initiated: Date: DateTime: HHMM 10. Resource Summary: Resource Resource Identifier Date/Time Ordered ETA Arrived Notes (location/assignment/status) ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ 6. Prepared by: Name: Position/Title: Signature: _________________ ICS 201, Page 4 Date/Time: Date ICS 201 Incident Briefing Purpose. The Incident Briefing (ICS 201) provides the Incident Commander (and the Command and General Staffs) with basic information regarding the incident situation and the resources allocated to the incident. In addition to a briefing document, the ICS 201 also serves as an initial action worksheet. It serves as a permanent record of the initial response to the incident. Preparation. The briefing form is prepared by the Incident Commander for presentation to the incoming Incident Commander along with a more detailed oral briefing. Distribution. Ideally, the ICS 201 is duplicated and distributed before the initial briefing of the Command and General Staffs or other responders as appropriate. The “Map/Sketch” and “Current and Planned Actions, Strategies, and Tactics” sections (pages 1–2) of the briefing form are given to the Situation Unit, while the “Current Organization” and “Resource Summary” sections (pages 3–4) are given to the Resources Unit. Notes: The ICS 201 can serve as part of the initial Incident Action Plan (IAP). If additional pages are needed for any form page, use a blank ICS 201 and repaginate as needed. Block Number Block Title Instructions 1 Incident Name Enter the name assigned to the incident. 2 Incident Number Enter the number assigned to the incident. 3 Date/Time Initiated Date, Time Enter date initiated (month/day/year) and time initiated (using the 24-hour clock). 4 Map/Sketch (include sketch, showing the total area of operations, the incident site/area, impacted and threatened areas, overflight results, trajectories, impacted shorelines, or other graphics depicting situational status and resource assignment) Show perimeter and other graphics depicting situational status, resource assignments, incident facilities, and other special information on a map/sketch or with attached maps. Utilize commonly accepted ICS map symbology. If specific geospatial reference points are needed about the incident’s location or area outside the ICS organization at the incident, that information should be submitted on the Incident Status Summary (ICS 209). North should be at the top of page unless noted otherwise. 5 Situation Summary and Health and Safety Briefing (for briefings or transfer of command): Recognize potential incident Health and Safety Hazards and develop necessary measures (remove hazard, provide personal protective equipment, warn people of the hazard) to protect responders from those hazards. Self-explanatory. 6 Prepared by Name Position/Title Signature Date/Time Enter the name, ICS position/title, and signature of the person preparing the form. Enter date (month/day/year) and time prepared (24-hour clock). 7 Current and Planned Objectives Enter the objectives used on the incident and note any specific problem areas. 8 Current and Planned Actions, Strategies, and Tactics Time Actions Enter the current and planned actions, strategies, and tactics and time they may or did occur to attain the objectives. If additional pages are needed, use a blank sheet or another ICS 201 (Page 2), and adjust page numbers accordingly. 9 Current Organization (fill in additional organization as appropriate) Incident Commander(s) Liaison Officer Safety Officer Public Information Officer Planning Section Chief Operations Section Chief Finance/Administration Section Chief Logistics Section Chief Enter on the organization chart the names of the individuals assigned to each position. Modify the chart as necessary, and add any lines/spaces needed for Command Staff Assistants, Agency Representatives, and the organization of each of the General Staff Sections. If Unified Command is being used, split the Incident Commander box. Indicate agency for each of the Incident Commanders listed if Unified Command is being used. 10 Resource Summary Enter the following information about the resources allocated to the incident. If additional pages are needed, use a blank sheet or another ICS 201 (Page 4), and adjust page numbers accordingly. Resource Enter the number and appropriate category, kind, or type of resource ordered. Resource Identifier Enter the relevant agency designator and/or resource designator (if any). Date/Time Ordered Enter the date (month/day/year) and time (24-hour clock) the resource was ordered. ETA Enter the estimated time of arrival (ETA) to the incident (use 24-hour clock). Arrived Enter an “X” or a checkmark upon arrival to the incident. Notes (location/ assignment/status) Enter notes such as the assigned location of the resource and/or the actual assignment and status. Incident Objectives (ICS 202) 1. Incident Name: 2. Operational Period: Date From: Date Date To: Date Time From: HHMM Time To: HHMM 3. Objective(s): 4. Operational Period Command Emphasis: General Situational Awareness 5. Site Safety Plan Required? Yes ☐ No ☐ Approved Site Safety Plan(s) Located at: ________________________________________ 6. Incident Action Plan (the items checked below are included in this Incident Action Plan): ☐ ICS 203 ☐ ICS 207 ☐ ICS 204 ☐ ICS 208 ☐ ICS 205 ☐ Map/Chart ☐ ICS 205A ☐ Weather Forecast/Tides/Currents ☐ ICS 206 ☐ ___________________ Other Attachments: ☐ ___________________ ☐ ___________________ ☐ ___________________ ☐ ___________________ 7. Prepared by: Name: Position/Title: Signature: ________________ 8. Approved by Incident Commander: Name: Signature: ______________________ ICS 202 IAP Page Date/Time: Date ICS 202 Incident Objectives Purpose. The Incident Objectives (ICS 202) describes the basic incident strategy, incident objectives, command emphasis/priorities, and safety considerations for use during the next operational period. Preparation. The ICS 202 is completed by the Planning Section following each Command and General Staff meeting conducted to prepare the Incident Action Plan (IAP). In case of a Unified Command, one Incident Commander (IC) may approve the ICS 202. If additional IC signatures are used, attach a blank page. Distribution. The ICS 202 may be reproduced with the IAP and may be part of the IAP and given to all supervisory personnel at the Section, Branch, Division/Group, and Unit levels. All completed original forms must be given to the Documentation Unit. Notes: The ICS 202 is part of the IAP and can be used as the opening or cover page. If additional pages are needed, use a blank ICS 202 and repaginate as needed. Block Number Block Title Instructions 1 Incident Name Enter the name assigned to the incident. If needed, an incident number can be added. 2 Operational Period Date and Time From Date and Time To Enter the start date (month/day/year) and time (using the 24-hour clock) and end date and time for the operational period to which the form applies. 3 Objective(s) Enter clear, concise statements of the objectives for managing the response. Ideally, these objectives will be listed in priority order. These objectives are for the incident response for this operational period as well as for the duration of the incident. Include alternative and/or specific tactical objectives as applicable. Objectives should follow the SMART model or a similar approach: S pecific – Is the wording precise and unambiguous? M easurable – How will achievements be measured? A ction-oriented – Is an action verb used to describe expected accomplishments? R ealistic – Is the outcome achievable with given available resources? T ime-sensitive – What is the timeframe? 4 Operational Period Command Emphasis Enter command emphasis for the operational period, which may include tactical priorities or a general weather forecast for the operational period. It may be a sequence of events or order of events to address. This is not a narrative on the objectives, but a discussion about where to place emphasis if there are needs to prioritize based on the Incident Commander’s or Unified Command’s direction. Examples: Be aware of falling debris, secondary explosions, etc. General Situational Awareness General situational awareness may include a weather forecast, incident conditions, and/or a general safety message. If a safety message is included here, it should be reviewed by the Safety Officer to ensure it is in alignment with the Safety Message/Plan (ICS 208). 5 Site Safety Plan Required? Yes No Safety Officer should check whether or not a site safety plan is required for this incident. Approved Site Safety Plan(s) Located At Enter the location of the approved Site Safety Plan(s). 6 Incident Action Plan (the items checked below are included in this Incident Action Plan): ICS 203 ICS 204 ICS 205 ICS 205A ICS 206 ICS 207 ICS 208 Map/Chart Weather Forecast/ Tides/Currents Other Attachments: Check appropriate forms and list other relevant documents that are included in the IAP. ICS 203 – Organization Assignment List ICS 204 – Assignment List ICS 205 – Incident Radio Communications Plan ICS 205A – Communications List ICS 206 – Medical Plan ICS 207 – Incident Organization Chart ICS 208 – Safety Message/Plan 7 Prepared by Name Position/Title Signature Enter the name, ICS position, and signature of the person preparing the form. Enter date (month/day/year) and time prepared (24-hour clock). 8 Approved by Incident Commander Name Signature Date/Time In the case of a Unified Command, one IC may approve the ICS 202. If additional IC signatures are used, attach a blank page. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ISSUED: 10/23/97 CHLORINE REVISED: 11/01/99 SECTION I - PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION Telephone No.: Transportation Emergency No.: CHEMTREC: (800) 424-9300 Medical Emergency No.: POISON CENTER: (216) 379-8562 Chemical Family: Halogen Chemical Name/Synonyms: Chlorine Trade Mark: None Formula: Cl2; (Cl-Cl) C.A.S. Registry No.: 7782-50-5 TSCA Inventory Status: All ingredients are listed on the USEPAs TSCA inventory Canadian Domestic Substances List Status: All ingredients have been nominated or are eligible for inclusion. Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) Classification: C,E Product Use: Various Applications SARA 313 Information: This product contains a toxic chemical or chemicals subject to the reporting requirements of section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 and 40 CFR part 372. SECTION II - HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS Hazard Summary Statement: WARNING! HIGHLY TOXIC. CORROSIVE. May be fatal if inhaled. Strong oxidizer. Most combustibles will burn in chlorine as they do in oxygen. Read entire Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Material C.A.S. Number Amount in Product ACGIH TLV-TWA OSHA PEL-TWA Chlorine 1,2,4,5,6 7782-50-5 > 99.5\% 0.5 ppm 1 ppm short term exposure limit (STEL) 1 ppm - ceiling N.A. - Not Applicable N.E. - Not Established Legislative Footnotes 1 Ingredient listed on SARA Section 313 List of Toxic Chemicals. 2 Ingredient listed on the Pennsylvania Hazardous Substances List. 3 Ingredient listed on the California listing of Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity. 4 Ingredient listed on the Massachusetts Substance List. 5 Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System ingredient found on the Ingredient Disclosure List - Canada. 6 Ingredient listed on the New Jersey Right to Know Hazardous Substance List. July 2006 Page 1-11 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL Notes: TLV-TWA - Threshold Limit Value - Time Weighted Average guideline for concentration of the chemical substance in the ambient workplace air. (The skin notation calls attention to the skin as an additional significant route of absorption of the listed chemical.) American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). OSHA PEL - OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit, 8-hour TWA. 29 CFR 1910.1000, Transitional Limits column, Table Z-1-A, Table Z-2, and Table Z-3. SECTION III - PHYSICAL DATA Appearance: Greenish-yellow gas or amber liquid Odor: Pungent, suffocating bleach like odor Percent Volatiles: >99.5 Solubility in Water: Slight Physical State: Gas (liquid under pressure) Specific Gravity: Dry Gas (2.48 @ 0°C) Liquid (1.47 @ 0/4°C) Melting Point: -101°C (-150°F) Molecular Weight: 70.9 Vapor Pressure: 73 psia @ 50°F Vapor Density: 2.5 (Air=1) SECTION IV - FIRE & EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flash Point: Test is not applicable to gases. Not combustible. Chlorine can support combustion and is a serious fire risk. Flammable Limits in Air: Not Applicable Note: Flash Point: The lowest initial temperature of air passing around the specimen at which sufficient combustible gas is evolved to be ignited by a small external pilot flame. Extinguishing Media: For small fires use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. For large fires use water spray, fog or foam. Special Firefighting Procedures: Wear full face positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear full protective gear to prevent all body contact (moisture or water and chlorine can form hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids which are corrosive). Personnel not having suitable protection must leave the area to prevent exposure to toxic gases from the fire. Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool (if containers are not leaking). Use water spray to direct escaping gas away from workers if it is necessary to stop the flow of gas. In enclosed or poorly ventilated areas, wear SCBA during cleanup immediately after a fire as well as during the attack phase of firefighting operations. Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: Chlorine and water can be very corrosive. Corrosion of metal containers can make leaks worse. Although non-flammable, chlorine is a strong oxidizer and will support the burning of most combustible materials. Flammable gases and vapors can form explosive mixtures with chlorine. Chlorine can react violently when in contact with many materials and generate heat with possible flammable or explosive vapors. Chlorine gas is heavier than air and will collect in low-lying areas. Explosive Characteristics: Containers heated by fire can explode. July 2006 Page 1-12 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL SECTION V – Reactivity Stability: Stable Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur. Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride may form from chlorine in the presence of water vapor. CAUTION! Oxidizer. Extremely reactive. Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid): Chlorine is extremely reactive. Liquid or gaseous chlorine can react violently with many combustible materials and other chemicals, including water. Metal halides, carbon, finely divided metals and sulfides can accelerate the rate of chlorine reactions. Hydrocarbon gases, e.g., methane, acetylene, ethylene or ethane, can react explosively if initiated by sunlight or a catalyst. Liquid or solid hydrocarbons, e.g., natural or synthetic rubbers, naphtha, turpentine, gasoline, fuel gas, lubricating oils, greases or waxes, can react violently. Metals, e.g., finely powdered aluminum, brass, copper, manganese, tin, steel and iron, can react vigorously or explosively with chlorine. Nitrogen compounds, e.g., ammonia and other nitrogen compounds, can react with chlorine to form highly explosive nitrogen trichloride. Non-metals, (MSDS - Chlorine) Page 3 of 8 e.g., phosphorous, boron, activated carbon and silicon can ignite on contact with gaseous chlorine at room temperature. Certain concentrations of chlorine-hydrogen can explode by spark ignition. Chlorine is strongly corrosive to most metals in the presence of moisture. Copper may burn spontaneously. Chlorine reacts with most metals at high temperatures. Titanium will burn at ambient temperature in the presence of dry chlorine. SECTION VI - HEALTH HAZARD DATA Threshold Limit Value: See Section II. Primary Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact. Effects of Overexposure: Acute: Low concentrations of chlorine can cause itching and burning of the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory tract. At high concentrations chlorine is a respiratory poison. Irritant effects become severe and may be accompanied by tearing of the eyes, headache, coughing, choking, chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness and death. Bronchitis and accumulation of fluid in the lungs (chemical pneumonia) may occur hours after exposure to high levels. Liquid as well as vapor contact can cause irritation, burns and blisters. Ingestion can cause nausea and severe burns of the mouth, esophagus and stomach. Chronic: Prolonged or repeated overexposure may result in many or all of the effects reported for acute exposure (including pulmonary function effects). Emergency and First Aid Procedures: Inhalation (of process emissions): Take proper precautions to ensure rescuer safety before attempting rescue (wear appropriate protective equipment and utilize the buddy system). Remove source of chlorine or move victim to fresh air. If breathing has stopped, trained personnel should immediately begin artificial respiration or, if the heart has stopped, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Avoid mouth-to- mouth contact. Oxygen may be beneficial if administered by a person trained in its use, preferably on a physicians advice. Obtain medical attention immediately. July 2006 Page 1-13 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL Eye Contact: Immediately flush the contaminated eye(s) with lukewarm, gently flowing water for at least 20 minutes while the eyelid(s) are open. Take care not to rinse contaminated water into the non-affected eye. If irritation persists, obtain medical attention immediately. Skin Contact: As quickly as possible, flush contaminated area with lukewarm, gently running water for at least 20 minutes. Under running water, remove contaminated clothing, shoes, and leather watchbands and belts. If irritation persists, obtain medical attention immediately. Completely decontaminate clothing, shoes and leather goods before re-use, or, discard. Ingestion: Not an anticipated hazard. SECTION VII - SPILL & LEAK PROCEDURE Steps to be taken in case material is released or spilled: Restrict access to the area until completion of the cleanup. Issue a warning: POISON GAS. DO NOT TOUCH SPILLED LIQUID. Do no use water on a chlorine leak (corrosion of the container can occur, increasing the leak). Shut off leak if safe to do so. Wear NIOSH/MSHA-approved, self-contained, full-face, positive pressure respirator and full protective clothing capable of protection from both liquid and gas phases. Persons without suitable respiratory and body protection must leave the area. The following evacuation guide was developed by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT): Spill or leak from a smaller container or small leak from a tank - isolate in all directions 250 feet. Large spill from a tank or from a number of containers - first, isolate 520 feet in all directions; secondly, evacuate in a downwind direction 1.3 miles wide and 2.0 miles long. Keep upwind from leak. Vapors are heavier than air and pockets of chlorine are likely to be trapped in low-lying areas. Use water spray on the chlorine vapor cloud to reduce vapors. Do not flush into public sewer or water systems. Chlorine can be neutralized with caustic soda or soda ash. Alkaline solutions for absorbing chlorine can be prepared as follows: For 100 pound containers: 125 lbs. of caustic soda and 40 gallons of water For 2,000 pound containers: 2,500 lbs. of caustic soda and 800 gallons of water For 100 pound containers: 300 lbs. of soda ash and 100 gallons of water For 2,000 pound containers: 6,000 lbs. of soda ash and 2,000 gallons of water CAUTION: Observe appropriate safety precautions for handling alkaline chemicals. Heat will be generated during the neutralization process. Waste Disposal Method: Due to its inherent properties, hazardous conditions may result if the material is managed improperly. It is recommended that any containerized waste chlorine be managed as hazardous waste in accordance with all applicable federal, state, and local health and environmental laws and regulations. SECTION VIII - SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Ventilation: Effective exhaust ventilation should always be provided to draw fumes or vapors away from workers to prevent routine inhalation. Ventilation should be adequate to maintain the ambient workplace atmosphere below the legislated levels listed in Section II. Respiratory Protection: Use NIOSH approved acid gas cartridge or canister respirator for routine work purposes when concentrations are above the permissible exposure limits. Use full facepiece respirators when concentrations are irritating to the eyes. A cartridge-type escape respirator should be carried at all times when handling chlorine for escape only in case of a spill or leak. Re-enter area only with NIOSH approved, self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece. The respiratory use limitations made by July 2006 Page 1-14 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL NIOSH or the manufacturer must be observed. Respiratory protection programs must be in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.134. Eye/Face Protection: Non-ventilated chemical safety goggles or a full face shield. Skin Protection: Wear impervious gloves, coveralls, boots and/or other resistance protective clothing. Safety shower/eyewash fountain should be readily available in the work area. Some operations may require the use of an impervious full-body encapsulating suit and respiratory protection. Note: Neoprene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Viton, and chlorinated polyethylene show good resistance to chlorine. Additional: Do not eat, drink or smoke in work areas. Maintain good housekeeping. SECTION IX - SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS Material Handling: Do not use near welding operations, flames or hot surfaces. Move cylinders by hand truck or cart designed for that purpose. Do not lift cylinders by their caps. Do not handle cylinders with oily hands. Secure cylinders in place in an upright position at all times. Do not drop cylinders or permit them to strike each other. Leave valve cap on cylinder until cylinder is secured and ready for use. Close all valves when not in actual use. Insure valves on gas cylinders are fully opened when gas is used. Open and shut valves at least once a day while cylinder is in use to avoid valve freezing. Use smallest possible amounts in designated areas with adequate ventilation. Have emergency equipment for fires, spills and leaks readily available. Wash thoroughly after handling product. Provide a safety shower/eyewash station in handling area. An emergency contingency program should be developed for facilities handling chlorine. Storage: Store in steel pressure cylinders in a cool, dry area outdoors or in well-ventilated, detached or segregated areas of noncombustible construction. Keep out of direct sunlight and away from heat and ignition sources. Cylinder temperatures should never exceed 51°C (125°F). Isolate from incompatible materials. Store cylinders upright on a level floor secured in position and protected from physical damage. Use corrosion resistant lighting and ventilation systems in the storage area. Keep cylinder valve cover on. Label empty cylinders. Store full cylinders separately from empty cylinders. Avoid storing cylinders for more than six months. Comply with applicable regulations for the storage and handling of compressed gases. SECTION X - HAZARD CODES NFPA HMIS (National Fire Protection Association) (Hazardous Materials Identification System) Health: 4 Health: 3 Flammability: 0 Flammability: 0 Reactivity: Special: 0 OXY Reactivity: Personal Protection: 0 X* Key: 0 = Insignificant * See MSDS for specified protection 1 = Slight 2 = Moderate 3 = High 4 = Extreme (MSDS - Chlorine) July 2006 Page 1-15 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL USERS RESPONSIBILITY This bulletin cannot cover all possible situations which the user may experience during processing. Each aspect of the users operation should be examined to determine if, or where, additional precautions may be necessary. All health and safety information contained within this bulletin should be provided to the users employees or customers. __________________________ must rely upon the user to utilize this information to develop appropriate work practice guidelines and employee instructional programs for his or her operation. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY As the conditions or methods of use are beyond our control, we do not assume any responsibility and expressly disclaim any liability for any use of this material. Information contained herein is believed to be true and accurate but all statements or suggestions are made without warranty, expressed or implied, regarding the accuracy of the information, the hazards connected with the use of the material or the results to be obtained from the use thereof. Compliance with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations remains the responsibility of the user. July 2006 Page 1-16 EMH Program – EMH 380 Simulation Rubric Performance Area (90-100) A (80-89) B (70-79) C (60-69) D/F < 60 Score Structure FEMA IAP forms complete Written answer portions of simulation contain well- developed Paragraphs; complete sentences; title page; references page; body of work meets requirements Incident action plans are filled completely with given information contained in the scenario. Written answers are clear and excellent college- level work; All guidelines in the directions have been followed; Paragraphing and transitions are clear and appropriate. Incident actions plans are mostly complete with given information contained in the scenario; Written work is clear and adequate college-level work; Paragraphing and transitions are adequate; Guidelines given in directions have been followed for the most part. Incident action plans are missing major information pieces outlined in the scenario; Written work inadequate for college-level work; Paragraphing and transitions are inadequate; Guidelines outlined for paper were not met with several problems (see assignment directions). Guidelines given in the directions have been followed minimally. Incident action plans are incomplete and or dangerous to life/safety. Organizational structure and paragraphing have serious and persistent errors. Assignment directions were ignored and information provided was insufficient to meet assignment guidelines. Content The IAP and the written responses Demonstrates knowledge of topics; thorough discussion of concepts; appropriate integration of topics; scholarly journal use The IAP demonstrates all topics demonstrated during the course. The length of the written work provides in-depth coverage of the topics, assertions are clearly supported by evidence; Paper meets required length of pages and content areas; 3 or more primary sources were used. The IAP demonstrates most of the topics demonstrated during the course. The length of the written work is sufficient to cover the topic; assertions are supported by evidence; does not meet full required number of pages and content areas. 3 primary sources were used. The IAP minimally demonstrates the topics outlined in the course Written work does not do an adequate job of covering the assigned topic; assertions are weakly supported by evidence; paper is inadequate in meeting the page and content area requirements; less than 3 primary sources were used. The IAP does not demonstrate the topics outlined in the course and / or is dangerous to life safety. Written work does not cover the assigned topic; assertions are not supported by evidence; paper is seriously lacking in content and detail; primary sources were not used or were used improperly. Mechanics Proper use of the FEMA IAP forms to FEMA Standards Good use of standard written English; spelling; grammar; use of APA style The IAP forms are used as intended; Written work has no major errors in word selection and use; Sentence structure, spelling, grammar, punctuation was appropriate; APA style was acceptable with no errors or minor errors. The IAP forms had little deviation from FEMA standards; Written work was generally free of errors in word selection and use; Sentence structure, spelling, grammar, punctuation was adequate; APA style was acceptable with a few errors. The IAP forms were not properly filled to FEMA standards; Written work had several major errors in word selection and use; Sentence structure, spelling, grammar, punctuation was inappropriate; APA style was unacceptable with several errors. The IAP forms had gross errors or contained decisions that endangered the public or responders; Written work had serious and persistent errors in word selection and use; Sentence structure, spelling, grammar, punctuation was inappropriate and with serious errors; major errors in APA style. TOTAL OVERALL SCORE = TOTAL/3