Security Threats - Computer Science
Test
Chapter 9
Security Vulnerabilities, Threats,
and Countermeasures
Assess and Mitigate Security Vulnerabilities
Hardware
Hardware Components
Protection Mechanisms
Memory
Memory Addressing
Secondary Memory
Input/Output Devices
Firmware
overview
Hardware Components
Processor / central processing unit (CPU)
Execution types:
Multitasking
Multicore
Multiprocessing: SMP and MPP
Multiprogramming
Multithreading
Processing types:
Singles state
Multistate
Protection Mechanisms 1/3
Protection rings
Kernel mode or
privileged mode
User mode
Mediated access/
system call
Protection Mechanisms 2/3
Process states/Operating states
OS: supervisory or problem
Processes: Ready, Waiting, Running, Supervisory, Stopped
Process scheduler or program executive
Protection Mechanisms 3/3
Security Modes
Requirements:
MAC
Physical control over who can access console
Physical control over who can enter room
Dedicated
System high
Compartmented
Multilevel
Memory
Read only memory (ROM)
Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM)
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM)
Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
Flash
Random access memory (RAM)
Real
Cache
Registers
Memory Addressing
Register
Immediate
Related to a register or as part of an instruction
Direct
Actual address of memory location
Indirect
An address of memory location which holds the address of the target data
Base plus Offset
Base address stored in a register, offset is relative location
Secondary Memory 1/2
Magnetic, optical, or flash media
Not immediately available to CPU
Virtual memory
Paging
Security issues
Theft, purging, physical access
Primary vs. secondary
Volatile vs. nonvolatile
Random vs. sequential
Secondary Memory 2/2
Data remanence
SSD wear leveling
Theft – encryption
Device access control
Data retention over use lifetime - availaibility
Input/Output Devices
Monitors
Printers
Keyboards and mice
Modems
Firmware
Microcode
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)
Phlashing
Device firmware
EEPROM
Client-Based Systems 1/2
Applets
Java and JVM
ActiveX
Local Caches 1/2
ARP
ARP cache poisoning
Client-Based Systems 2/2
Local Caches 2/2
DNS
DNS cache poisoning:
HOSTS file
Authorized DNS
Caching DNS
DNS lookup address change
DNS query spoofing
Defence: split DNS, IDS
Internet files
Temporary Internet files and cache
Server Based Systems
Data flow control
Load balancing
Management between processes, devices, networks, or communication channels
Efficient transmission with minimal delays or latency
Reliable throughput using hashing and confidentiality protection with encryption
Database Systems Security
Aggregation
Inference
Data Mining and Data Warehousing
Data dictionary
Meta data
Data mart
Data Analytics
Big Data
Large-Scale Parallel Data Systems
AMP, SMP, MPP
Distributed Systems and
Endpoint Security
Host/terminal model Client-server model
Distributed architectures
Endpoint security
Screening/filtering email
Download/upload policies
Robust access controls
Restricted user-interfaces
File encryption
(see list in book)
Cloud-Based Systems and
Cloud Computing 1/3
Hypervisor, virtual machine monitor (VMM)
Type I hypervisor (native or bare-metal hypervisor)
Type II hypervisor (hosted hypervisor)
Cloud storage
Elasticity
Cloud computing
PaaS
SaaS
IaaS
Cloud-Based Systems and
Cloud Computing 2/3
On-premise vs. hosted vs. cloud
Private, public, hybrid, community
Issues:
Privacy concerns
Regulation compliance difficulties
Use of open/closed-source solutions
Adoption of open standards
Whether or not cloud-based data is actually secured (or even securable)
Cloud-Based Systems and
Cloud Computing 3/3
Cloud access security broker (CASB)
Security as a service (SECaaS)
Cloud shared responsibility model
Grid and Peer to Peer
Grid Computing
Parallel distributed processing
Members can enter and leave at will
Work content is potentially exposed publicly
Work packets are sometimes not returned, returned late, or returned corrupted
Peer to Peer
No central management system
Services provided are usually real time
VoIP, file distribution, A/V streaming/distribution
Internet of Things
Smart devices
Automation, remote control, or AI processing
Extensions or replacements of existing devices, equipment, or systems
Security may not be integrated
Top concerns: access and encryption
Consider deploying in isolated subnet
Industrial Control Systems
Distributed Control Systems (DCS)
Manage/control industrial processes over a large-scale deployment from a single location
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Single-purpose or focused-purpose digital computers
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
Stand-alone or internetworked
Does not always properly address security
Assess and Mitigate Vulnerabilities in Web-Based Systems 1/2
eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
Security Association Markup Language (SAML)
Web-based authentication
Singe sign-on
Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Injections (SQL, LDAP, XML), XML exploitation,
Cross-site scripting (XSS),
Cross-site request forgery (XSRF)
Assess and Mitigate Vulnerabilities in Web-Based Systems 2/2
Static vs. dynamic content
Web applications
Server side executables, scripts, databases
Publicly accessed Web servers should be hosted outside of LAN
DMZ, co-location, cloud hosting
Input validation
Length, patterns, metacharacters
Limit account privileges
Assess and Mitigate Vulnerabilities in Mobile Systems
Device Security
Application Security
BYOD Concerns
overview
Device Security 1/2
Full device encryption
Remote wiping
Lockout
Screen locks
GPS
Application control
Storage segmentation
Asset tracking
Device Security 2/2
Inventory control
Mobile Device Management (MDM)
Device access control
Removable storage
Disabling unused features
Application Security
Key management
Credential management
Authentication
Geotagging
Encryption
Application whitelisting
BYOD Concerns 1/3
Bring your own device (BYOD)
Company owned, personally enabled (COPE)
Choose your own device (CYOD)
Corporate-owned mobile strategy
Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI)
virtual mobile infrastructure (VMI)
BYOD Concerns 2/3
Data ownership
Support ownership
Patch management
Antivirus management
Forensics
Privacy
Onboarding/offboarding
Adherence to corporate policies
BYOD Concerns 3/3
User acceptance
Architecture/infrastructure considerations
Legal concerns
Acceptable use policy
Onboard camera/video
Assess and Mitigate Vulnerabilities in
Embedded Devices and Cyber-Physical Systems
Embedded system
Stand system, static environment
Examples of embedded and static systems
Methods of securing
overview
Examples of
Embedded and Static Systems
Network-enabled devices
Cyber-physical systems
Internet of Things (IoT)
Mainframes
Game consoles
In-vehicle computing systems
Methods of Securing
Network segmentation
Security layers
Application firewalls
Manual updates
Firmware version control
Wrappers
Monitoring
Control redundancy and diversity
Essential
Security Protection Mechanisms
Technical Mechanisms
Security Policy and Computer Architecture
Policy Mechanisms
overview
Technical Mechanisms
Layering
Abstraction
Data hiding
Process isolation
Hardware segmentation
Security Policy and
Computer Architecture
Informs and guides design, development, implementation, testing, and maintenance
Define rules and practices
Addresses hardware and software
Policy Mechanisms
Principle of least privilege
Separation of privilege
Accountability
Common Architecture Flaws and Security Issues 1/2
Covert Channels
Covert timing channels
Covert storage channels
Attacks Based on Design or Coding Flaws and Security Issues
Trusted recovery
Input and parameter checking
Maintenance hooks and privileged programs
Incremental attacks
Data diddling, salami (aggregation) attack
Common Architecture Flaws and Security Issues 2/2
Programming
Sanitize input, buffer overflow, exceptions, testing
Timing, State Changes, and Communication Disconnects
Time of check to time of use (TOCTOU) attacks
Technology and Process Integration
Service-oriented architecture (SOA)
Electromagnetic Radiation
TEMPEST
Faraday cage
Jamming, noise generators, control zones
Conclusion
Read the Exam Essentials
Review the Chapter
Perform the Written Labs
Answer the Review Questions
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ce to the vaccine. Your campaign must educate and inform the audience on the benefits but also create for safe and open dialogue. A key metric of your campaign will be the direct increase in numbers.
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Communication on Customer Relations. Discuss how two-way communication on social media channels impacts businesses both positively and negatively. Provide any personal examples from your experience
od pressure and hypertension via a community-wide intervention that targets the problem across the lifespan (i.e. includes all ages).
Develop a community-wide intervention to reduce elevated blood pressure and hypertension in the State of Alabama that in
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You read about blockchain ledger technology. Now do some additional research out on the Internet and share your URL with the rest of the class
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low (The Top Health Industry Trends to Watch in 2015) to assist you with this discussion.
https://youtu.be/fRym_jyuBc0
Next year the $2.8 trillion U.S. healthcare industry will finally begin to look and feel more like the rest of the business wo
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After the components sending to the manufacturing house
1. In 1972 the Furman v. Georgia case resulted in a decision that would put action into motion. Furman was originally sentenced to death because of a murder he committed in Georgia but the court debated whether or not this was a violation of his 8th amend
One of the first conflicts that would need to be investigated would be whether the human service professional followed the responsibility to client ethical standard. While developing a relationship with client it is important to clarify that if danger or
Ethical behavior is a critical topic in the workplace because the impact of it can make or break a business
No matter which type of health care organization
With a direct sale
During the pandemic
Computers are being used to monitor the spread of outbreaks in different areas of the world and with this record
3. Furman v. Georgia is a U.S Supreme Court case that resolves around the Eighth Amendments ban on cruel and unsual punishment in death penalty cases. The Furman v. Georgia case was based on Furman being convicted of murder in Georgia. Furman was caught i
One major ethical conflict that may arise in my investigation is the Responsibility to Client in both Standard 3 and Standard 4 of the Ethical Standards for Human Service Professionals (2015). Making sure we do not disclose information without consent ev
4. Identify two examples of real world problems that you have observed in your personal
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The inbound logistics for William Instrument refer to purchase components from various electronic firms. During the purchase process William need to consider the quality and price of the components. In this case
4. A U.S. Supreme Court case known as Furman v. Georgia (1972) is a landmark case that involved Eighth Amendment’s ban of unusual and cruel punishment in death penalty cases (Furman v. Georgia (1972)
With covid coming into place
In my opinion
with
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5 The family dynamic is awkward at first since the most outgoing and straight forward person in the family in Linda
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The most important benefit of my statistical analysis would be the accuracy with which I interpret the data. The greatest obstacle
From a similar but larger point of view
4 In order to get the entire family to come back for another session I would suggest coming in on a day the restaurant is not open
When seeking to identify a patient’s health condition
After viewing the you tube videos on prayer
Your paper must be at least two pages in length (not counting the title and reference pages)
The word assimilate is negative to me. I believe everyone should learn about a country that they are going to live in. It doesnt mean that they have to believe that everything in America is better than where they came from. It means that they care enough
Data collection
Single Subject Chris is a social worker in a geriatric case management program located in a midsize Northeastern town. She has an MSW and is part of a team of case managers that likes to continuously improve on its practice. The team is currently using an
I would start off with Linda on repeating her options for the child and going over what she is feeling with each option. I would want to find out what she is afraid of. I would avoid asking her any “why” questions because I want her to be in the here an
Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using an Internet site as means of collecting data for psychological research (Comp 2.1) 25.0\% Summarization of the advantages and disadvantages of using an Internet site as means of collecting data for psych
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effect relationship becomes more difficult—as the researcher cannot enact total control of another person even in an experimental environment. Social workers serve clients in highly complex real-world environments. Clients often implement recommended inte
I think knowing more about you will allow you to be able to choose the right resources
Be 4 pages in length
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One thing you will need to do in college is learn how to find and use references. References support your ideas. College-level work must be supported by research. You are expected to do that for this paper. You will research
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3 The first thing I would do in the family’s first session is develop a genogram of the family to get an idea of all the individuals who play a major role in Linda’s life. After establishing where each member is in relation to the family
A Health in All Policies approach
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Use the bolded black section and sub-section titles below to organize your paper. For each section
Losinski forwarded the article on a priority basis to Mary Scott
Losinksi wanted details on use of the ED at CGH. He asked the administrative resident