Fluent Essays

Research design assignment ( 9/18/21, 8:53 PM ) ( Research design assignment ) ( 1 /2 ) PH 30004 Assignment Research design assignment Points 25 Due September 10, 2021 end of day Purpose and description The purpose of this assignment is to provide you with an opportunity to identify and argue for selection of a basic research design to address a research question of interest. Course learning outcomes 5. Communicate the relationships among a study research question, research design, data, measurement, and data analysis (Concepts 3 and 10) Assignment This assignment may be completed on a group (2, 3, or 4 people) or requirements individual basis. If turned in as a group assignment – one group member must upload to Canvas, and all group members names must be on the uploaded document. 1. Select a research question of interest. You may use a class-identified question or a question of your preference. I suggest you choose a question you would like to use for the remaining related assignments (Data Gathering/analysis plan and Final Research Proposal) but this is not required. 2. Provide the question and identify what type of research question this is – is it a question of relationship/correlation/association, a question of curiosity, a question to test your own personal hypothesis or premise, a question that suggests the need for development of a product or innovative process, or something else? If “something else,” please do your best to describe the type of question. 3. Consider the basic designs identified in class and from the texts on Canvas, and identify one design you might use to frame research about this question. You can identify more than one if you like. You do not need to identify data type, sampling, or data collection processes. 4. Briefly describe why you think this is a good design choice. You may use information from the texts or other sources to argue for this choice. Please fully cite any sources uses. Be precise in citations but citation style or formatting is not a graded element of this assignment. Please address these items on a single document. The document should be no more than 1 page of single spaced or 2 pages of double-spaced text in length. You may write in paragraph form or present your responses to each item, using the numbering shown above. PH 30004 Fall Semester 2021 Week 2 – Sept 8, 2021 Week goals The third seating chart Finish Definition (Friday) Identify preferred practice questions Consider applied research request (today) Review Designs Using Qualtrics Use Qualtrics for practice surveys as desired. https://libguides.library.kent.edu/statconsulting/qualtrics https://az1.qualtrics.com/login?path=%2FControlPanel%2F&product=ControlPanel Research questions – enter in the appropriate category before class on Friday Link to vote sent via email and in Canvas Research opportunity Details Identify health needs, esp senior population, in Kent, OH Develop methods; potentially pilot some processes Present plan to Health Commissioner at end of semester Need some, not all of class to agree – not all need to participate in presentation Potential for further development Others – work time in class, identifying one or more “mentors.” https://www.polleverywhere.com/multiple_choice_polls/WSYcyiByqnaryi5GQqCq4 Intro to design Designs from the two texts: Evans – testing treatments Trial designs Assessing efficacy Used for: Medications Behavior change Prevention Part of evaluation research Others? The challenge with trials (Friday?) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKmxL8VYy0M Designs From Bhattacherrjee Experiments and quasi-experiments Random selection/random assignment versus non-random Epidemiological designs with intact groups include case control Why use intact groups? Field surveys Cross sectional/ snapshot Longitudinal, AKA panel Structured questionnaires or interviews Random selection sometimes used but often not consistently Example Designs from Bhattacherjee cont’d Secondary data analysis Existing data Research data and non-research data Qualitative (interviews or narratives), quantitative (categories, measures), and mixed (both) Case research Single or multiple Usually multiple data types Examples – extreme cases – best and worst; best cases; evolving cases – ex. How does new legislatation impact operations of a health district at all levels Designs from Bhattacherjee cont’d Focus group Otherwise known as group interview or focused group interviews Developed for research on how people perceived wartime propaganda Used for market research and as an alternative to surveys or individual interviews Often multiple groups Action research AKA Community-based participatory research The “researched” become the “researchers” Insider/outsider separation and overlap are challenges Ethnography Cultural immersion; culture is flexibly defined Not necessarily interpretive; can combine aspects of case study, action research, and other designs Friday Sept 10, 2021 Seating chart Randomness, design, innovation Schedule updates Design example (might help with assignment) Video on trials (time permitting) To do: Research definition survey (see Canvas announcements for link) Research question ranking – link coming after class – ADD YOUR QUESTIONS! Design assignment – end of day Monday – example exam question(s) provided – Exam 1 on Friday Begin reviewing content data A few more notes on randomness What is random selection? What is the role of replacement? How does randomness operate across a population (what is the typical spread)? What do randomly chosen numbers really look like: https://www.ohiolottery.com/WinningNumbers/Randomizer?aliaspath=%2fWinningNumbers%2fRandomizer Challenges in random selection Innovation Human-centered design In response to designer-centered design Ex: what are the health department’s priorities to improve senior health in Kent, OH versus what are residents’ priorities Informs what questions, who is asked, choices given, responses considered Analogous to community-based participatory research designs Emphasizes collaborative teamwork by diverse individuals, AKA transdisciplinary or interdisciplinary work Design assignment example Question – How do people perceive their risk of vehicle-related injuries and deaths? A question of perception, attitude, individual opinions – not a treatment assessment, or a question of association/correlation Thoughts? Design assignment example Question – How do people perceive their risk of vehicle-related injuries and deaths? To find out what people think or believe, often it is best to ask them Biased and irrational information is OK A random sample will not always work – why not? Design assignment example Question – How do people perceive their risk of vehicle-related injuries and deaths? My choice among alternatives from the texts, focus group interviews My choice among all alternatives – a qualitative descriptive design, with individual interviews (to start with), probably followed by a larger survey to get more powerful data What is powerful data? (more on this later) PH 30004 Fall Semester 2021 August 30, 2021 Week goals Seating chart Develop a shared definition of research Identify a limited list of research questions of interest Review alternatives in research designs Upcoming assessments (this week and beyond) CITI assignment (Sept 1, 2021) Research design assignment (Sept 10, 2021) Exam 1 (Sept 17, 2021) Research example https://www.pcrm.org/news/health-nutrition/red-and-processed-meat-consumption-increases-risk-heart-disease Defining PH research What makes a good definition? Clear, complete May have examples May tell what something is not as well as what it is Does not contain other words that are ambiguous or have multiple definitions Processes used Purpose Outcomes Defining PH research From Social Research text – a definition that highlights features: Research contributes to body of knowledge; follows scientific method* *what is the “scientific method?” – another definition is needed to make sense of this definition. Replicability is a component of the scientific method – is this a realistic aim? Defining PH research From IDEO – a definition that highlights processes – human-centered design consists of inspiration, ideation, implementation** **these each need to be defined. This is a big, broad, very applicable description of innovative processes, including research Defining PH research Dictionary – broad overview: the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Some terms are complex (“investigation”) but probably somewhat familiar Is “establish facts” a realistic aim? What does public health research mean to you? https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1rFRPYGxxeIyC7sHlY46LzsKXqF-7Wl-Q09nDHFbW-N8/edit#gid=0 (Google drive/shared with me) Pick a column – put your name/initials in the top List 6-10 words that you think of when you think of research How is it done? Who does it? What is it for? Why is it done? etc. Export, resort on Excel and see what we have Back to the example https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10408398.2021.1949575 What is a meta-analysis? How is it done? How is this different from primary research? Is it clear in the news story that this is not primary research? Or that it took place over many years? And that definitions differed? And that the conclusions are based on self-reported forms rather than physiological/biological measures? Week goals – updated Sept 1 2021 Seating chart - redo Develop a shared definition of research (still working on) Identify a limited list of research questions of interest (Begin today or Friday) Review alternatives in research designs (Begin Friday Sept 3) Upcoming assessments (this week and beyond) CITI assignment (End of day, Sept 1, 2021) Research design assignment (Sept 10, 2021 – will review on Friday) Exam 1 (Sept 17, 2021) Readings on schedule included in exam (see Canvas for schedule and readings) Bhattacherjee Chs 1-3, 5, 9-12; Evans Ch 1-4 Sample exam question(s) – Mon, Sept 13 Developing a definition Basic content analysis methods: https://wordart.com/create https://tagcrowd.com Using Excel Download Copy Sort (stack) Sort (alpha) (Could also prune at this stage) Correct Developing a definition Clusters – from Smith, Flowers, and Larkin (2009, Sage): Open methods – combine like with like and name the group (abstraction) OR use one of the words in the group as the name (subsumption) Theoretical methods – group the words into a label: Outcomes (aims) Criteria (what is/is not included; quality assessments) General description Processes (how is it done) Others or alternatives Questions A Few things I’m curious about: Is working at home responsible for the weight gain in the US during the pandemic? How do people perceive their risk of vehicle-related injuries and deaths, when compared to other causes of injuries and deaths? What is the relationship between alcohol use and exercise or sports participation? Bring 3-5 questions – questions of curiosity, questions of causes or associations, questions to assess your own theories or premises Friday, Sept 3, 2021 Room change! CITI training comments Review design assignment Definition activity Qualtrics and questions Take advantage of the long weekend Definition Paper Paper or Google sheet Use Use the highlighted category Match Match terms to the category Add Add more if desired Using Qualtrics https://libguides.library.kent.edu/statconsulting/qualtrics https://az1.qualtrics.com/login?path=%2FControlPanel%2F&product=ControlPanel Research questions Voting Ranking Others