Fluent Essays

I need attached problems answered in 5 daysI need attached problems answered in 5 days problem_set_1_sum_2020.pdf Unformatted Attachment Preview ECO 441—Summer 2020 Prof. Miguel A. Iraola Problem Set #1: Ricardian Model of Comparative Advantage and Specific Factors Model (Due date Wednesday, May 27th) Note: Please write your final answers in the spaces provided. You may show your work in the extra space provided here or attach extra pages if you need more room. 1. Consider a world in which there are two countries: Big Industrialized Country (BIC) and Small Developing Country (SDC). BIC has a labor force of 500,000 and SDC has a labor force of 160,000. There are two types of goods in this world—food (F) and manufactures (M), and they are both produced using only labor. The technology for producing each of these goods in each country is described by the unit labor requirements in the following table: Food 2 8 BIC SDC Manufactures 5 40 The world relative demand for food is given by: !! ! $! # $ = − (a) Sketch the production possibilities frontier (PPF) for each country here. Label the intercepts. QM QM BIC QF SDC QF (b) Calculate the opportunity cost and relative autarky price of food in each country. Then determine the goods in which each country has an absolute and comparative advantage. Record your answers in the table below. BIC SDC Opportunity CostF (PF/PM) in autarky Absolute Advantage in: Comparative Advantage in: (c) On the graph below, construct the world relative supply curve describing the amount of food produced relative to the amount of manufactures. (Be clear about the intercepts, the points at which the RS curve is bent or kinked, and the point at which it intersects the relative demand curve RD). 0.6 𝑃! 𝑃 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 𝑹𝑫: 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 2 0.4 𝑄! 1 𝑃! = − 𝑄 2 𝑃 𝑄! 0.5 𝑄 (d) Assuming the countries do trade, will they completely specialize? Using your answers from (b) and (c), briefly explain why or why not. • What will the pattern of specialization be? BIC produces ______________ SDC produces ______________ • ! What will the world relative price be? 𝑷𝑭 𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒍𝒅 𝑷𝑴 = ______________ (f) Sketch and label the consumption possibility frontiers after trade on the graphs in part (a). (g) Suppose BIC considers SDC’s ruling elite to be brutal dictators, and to punish them, BIC refuses to trade with SDC. Leaving aside the question of whether this would in fact weaken SDC’s rulers, would it reduce SDC’s consumption possibilities? Yes / No Would BIC sacrifice its own consumption in doing so? Yes / No 3 2. In a Ricardian world, with labor the only paid factor of production, the following table gives the constant labor requirements per unit of producing different commodities in countries X and Z. Country X Country Z Airplanes(A) Bicycles(B) Fertilizer(F) Radios (R) Shoes (S) T-Shirts(T) 10,000 10 20 20 30 18 120,000 15 180 225 45 18 (a) Suppose the wage rate in country X is wX =$10, in country Z is wZ =$2, and that there are no transportation costs. In a free-trade equilibrium: • Which goods are produced only by country X? • Which goods are produced only by country Z? • Which goods, if any, may be produced by both countries but may still be traded? • Which goods, if any, are non-traded? (b) Now suppose that it costs $1,000 to transport one airplane, and that it costs $150 to transport one unit of any other good from one country to the other. Now: • Which goods are produced only by country X? • Which goods are produced only by country Z? • Which goods, if any, may be produced by both countries but may still be traded? • Which goods, if any, are non-traded? 4 3. Assume that labor is the only factor in the production of electronics and clothing in the U.S. and Mexico. Suppose that unit labor requirements in each industry, for each country, is as shown in the following table: U.S. Mexico Computer Chips Shirts 2 8 20 10 Suppose that the wage rate in the U.S. is wUS = 5 $/hr. (a) For what range of Mexican wages will the two countries trade? (i.e. what is the range of possible equilibrium wages in Mexico under perfect competition and free trade?) (Express in terms of $.) Suppose that Mexican labor productivity doubles in both industries. (b) Now what is the range of Mexican wages under free trade and perfect competition? (c) TRUE OR FALSE (Explain your answer briefly). After the rise in Mexico’s productivity, Mexico will have a cost advantage in both industries, and therefore, the U.S. will not be able to export anything unless U.S. wages are reduced. 5 4. Migration.The graph below shows the MPL as a function of the amount of labor for two economies: Home and Foreign. Home’s origin is at the bottom left corner and Foreign’s is at the bottom right. Home country workers initially earn a real wage of 70. 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 MPLForeign 40 MPLHome 30 20 10 0 LHome 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 LForeign What would be the effect of free labor mobility on • • • 5. Home’s wage. Foreing’s wage. Aggregate output. TRUE / FALSE . Consider a two-good world where both goods employ capital (K) and labor (L), but where the capital in each industry is specific to that industry (i.e. is completely immobile) while labor is completely mobile across industries. Then if trade leads to an increase in the relative price of the labor-intensive good in the Home country, the real return to Home’s labor will increase while the real return earned by all of Home’s capital-owners will fall. Explanation: 6 ... Purchase answer to see full attachment