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I need to correct and edit this attached essay All requirements in the file attached Similarity less than 5 animal_testing101.docx Unformatted Attachment Preview Animal testing Ms sharmine Animal testing: should animal testing be banned? Every year more than 100 animals are killed in U.S. laboratories for many different purposes including medical training, biology lessons, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemical, food, drug and cosmetics testing. Animal testing can be defined as involves doing scientific tests on animals when developing new products or drugs (Breslin, McKeown and Groves, 2012). There are several polemic factors and effects that can be discussed in order to decide whether or not the animal should be used for scientific or commercial testing. first, humans often benefit from successful animal research. in addition, animals have shorter life cycles than humans which helps to make better research subjects. On the other hand, many individuals and organizations claim that animal testing is against animal’s right. Although Alternative testing methods now exist that can replace the need for animals. Besides, testing does not reliably predict results in human beings. To begin with, using animal in testing would be useful to get a benefits results. Research using animal has made crucial steps in understanding and dealing with different diseases, in fact, many vaccines and medications would not be available today without using animals. for example, Micas were used to experienced modified gas to develop chemotherapy (ADAIR and BAGG, 1931). furthermore, both live and killed polio vaccines are produced by using monkey, and production of these vaccines are usually done in specific monkey kidney cell culture. (Festing, 2004). Nowadays, these vaccines provide prevention for many children from polio. However, laboratory animals have played significant role in development of organ transplantation.by observant mice with different immune system, researchers noticed that the host body reject transplanted organ and this happen because of immunological reactions in the host. From this experiment researcher find tissue typing techniques which really help to recognize the best donor for an organ transplant. additionally, the experiment on animals led to innovate successful drugs to inhibit the immune reaction to transplanted organ, greatly supporting the translated survival. Today, many patients are stay alive duo to transplanted kidneys, livers, lungs, hearts, UE2/1st Draft marking rubric Animal testing Ms sharmine bone marrow and many other tissues and organs. Thus, using animal are acceptable when it is useful (Science, medicine, and animals, 2004). Another primary purpose for using animal is that animal have a short life cycle comparison with human, that allows researchers and scientists to study the effect of treatment or genetic manipulation over a complete lifecycle, which might be difficult with human. Moreover, using animal with short life expectancy give scientist chance to study Treatment complications even through several generations. For instance, its common to use mice, fish, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, farm animals, birds, cats, dogs and mini-pigs because they live short life (About Animal Testing, 2020). Additionally, controlling animals’ environment (temperature, ventilation, light, diet, etc.) might be easier over whole short lifespan. scientists in the laboratory try to provide a suitable environment for animals. The health and well-being animals give better result (Moberg, 1985). Furthermore, animals with short life cycles are usually inexpensive because they reproduce quickly. therefore, they can be bought in large number. thus, these facilities makes animals a good experiments subject to do the examination. Those who claim that animal testing is a perfects way for try validity of the property are not totally right, in first place, animals testing is usually against the animals right. Animals and people have common traits; they both behave, feel, think and experience pain. thus, humans and animal should be treated with the same respect. Regan, a philosophy professor at North Carolina State University, says: Animals have a basic moral right to respectful treatment. . .This inherent value is not respected when animals are reduced to being mere tools in a scientific experiment (Orlans, 1996). additionally, a basic animal’s rights are taken away because they are not given the right of choice to get involve the testing or not. In fact, the tests are often causing permanent damage or death. Regan further stats, for instance, animal [experimentation] is morally wrong no matter how much humans may benefit because the animals basic right has been infringed. Risks are not morally transferable to those who do not choose to take them(Orlans, 1996). Animals are not sacrifice themselves for humans. Animals cannot enunciate their own performance and choices because of that, their decision are made by human. Thus, when human make the decision in the experiment environment, the animals rights are violated without any UE2/1st Draft marking rubric Animal testing Ms sharmine thought of their safety and lives’ quality. Therefore, animal experiments should be banned because it the rights of animal are violated. Animal testing is completely unnecessary because many alternatives way are now available. Many company have attempt to sought better mothed to test their product without using of animal subjects. For example, the body shop, well-known cosmetic company based in London, state on its website, “Laboratory-produced skin is grown from human skin cells. It allows us to conduct safety checks on cells that react in virtually the same way as human skin, without harming any people or animals” (Forever Against Animal Testing | Cruelty Free | The Body Shop®, 2020). Furthermore, the Draize test has become acceptable because of development of artificial cellular tissue that very similar to human’s skin. The researchers using this synthetic “skin” to test the positional damage of their product. Moreover, there is another product called “eyetex”. This artificial martial transform opaque when a product deteriorates it, closely resembling the reaction between the real eye with harmful substance. Additionally, technology now can be used to predict the potential damage that products and chemical substance might be cause. the effects of harmful substances have been examined on human tissues and cells.in another method, is vitro testing, it term reface which are done in attest tube. All these alternative ways are useful and reliable. Finally, testing does not reliably predict results in human beings. Both humans and animals are totally different. It is inconsiderable to equating the two. Evidently, animals are not exactly same as human, there are noticeable difference between them. Therefore, what performs in a mic at an experimental, might not work in humans. Moreover, approximately 90 percent of highly promising basic science discoveries don’t lead to any treatments for humans (This Ad Spells It Out: Animal Tests Are Going Nowhere, 2020). moreover, The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has stats on its website that “95 percent of all drugs that are shown to be safe and effective in animal tests fail in human trials because they don’t work or are dangerous”. this explain the great difference between humans and animal. simply, most experiments on animal are undertaken out of curiosity, and do not even extract any cure for illnesses. the major misconception is that this experiment helps humans. People believe that because universities, experimenters, media and lobbying groups exaggerate the potential they have UE2/1st Draft marking rubric Animal testing Ms sharmine to lead to create new treatment and the positive change they have done in past medical advances. Therefore, there is no clear beneficial purpose in animal testing. In conclusion, animal testing has both advantage and disadvantage. However, many people think that using animals are helpful and it is suitable subject to examine any products. otherwise, animals have rights, they cannot be used as tools for experiments, and now many other alternative methods are proved to check the effectiveness of products beside the result on animal does not predict accurate result on humans. Its recommended to eliminated the usage of animals in testing, humans should not be greedy and unjust to achieve luxury life for themselves. seriously, human randomly torturing and executing millions of animals per day, and all poor purpose of perform laboratory experiments or to test products human are not an unacceptable justification. After all, humans are animals too. Comments : Word count is far below the required number. Minimum word count should be 2000 words. You can write till 2, 200 words. Add more real life examples and give statistics for both counter argument and argument to meet the deadline All reference formatting should be in Harvard reference system. Check UE2 Argumentative Essay Formatting Guidelines. References on references should be in alphabetical order. UE2/1st Draft marking rubric Animal testing Ms sharmine References: Books Breslin, G., McKeown, C. and Groves, R., 2012. Collins Dictionary. Glasgow: HarperCollins. 2004. Science, Medicine, And Animals. Washington, DC: National Research Council, National Academies Press. Orlans, F. (1996). In the name of science. New York: Oxford University Press. Besch E.L. (1985) Definition of Laboratory Animal Environmental Conditions. In: Moberg G.P. (eds) Animal Stress. Springer, New York, NY Journals ADAIR, F. and BAGG, H., 1931. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES ON THE TREATMENT OF CANCER BY DICHLORETHYLSULPHIDE (MUSTARD GAS). Annals of Surgery, 93(1), pp.190-199. Festing, M., 2004. Is the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research Still Necessary in 2002? Unfortunately, “Yes”. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 32(1_suppl), pp.733-739. Humane Society International. 2020. About Animal Testing. [online] Available at: [Accessed 16 April 2020]. Thebodyshop.com. 2020. Forever Against Animal Testing | Cruelty Free | The Body Shop®. [online] Available at: [Accessed 15 April 2020]. Humane Society International. 2020. About Animal Testing. [online] Available at: [Accessed 16 April 2020]. PETA. 2020. This Ad Spells It Out: Animal Tests Are Going Nowhere. [online] Available at: [Accessed 15 April 2020]. UE2/1st Draft marking rubric Animal testing UE2/1st Draft marking rubric Ms sharmine ... Purchase answer to see full attachment