Fluent Essays

There are 10 questions regarding the final research paper. I have attached the quiz and the research paper. english_102_wrap_up_quiz_new_2020.docx final_resaerch_paper_essay.docx Unformatted Attachment Preview EGL 102 Wrap-up Quiz Please TURN IN WITH FINAL WORK—TYPE AND POST IN “Assignments” BOX 1) Briefly explain the difference between primary and secondary sources. Note how you use one of each to support your argument. ANNOTATE or type EXAMPLES 2) A thesis statement does three things. What are they? What is the thesis of your final paper? Sketch, diagram, or outline the argument (your paper) constructed to support that thesis. TYPE OUTLINE SHOWING SECTIONS 3) Describe the mix of evidence you marshal in support of your argument. In your view, what is your best, most objective support? On what page is this located? 4) What is the strongest argument that can be made in opposition to your thesis? This may be an alternative interpretation rather than a diametrically opposed “pro/con” view. INDICATE EXAMPLES OF OPPOSING or ALTERNATIVE VIEWS 5) What is the best evidence for this opposing view? On what page of your paper do you deal with this opposition? 6) Note two terms you DEFINE in the paper. 7) NOTE two of your strongest quotations IN MARGIN 8) What distinguishes a scholarly journal from a popular periodical? Explain how you use at least one of each. 9) What specific information do you consider when trying to ascertain a source’s credibility? 10)In terms of credibility, what are the particular issues associated with internet sources? How should a researcher verify these sources. Surname 1 Students Name: Faizan Khan Professor: David Course: Eng-102 Date: 05/13/2020 Issues on Growth of Overpopulation in India. Overpopulation is a pressing global issue that threatens the way humanity exists. While many countries need to address the issue of overpopulation, some countries have been affected more than others, a good example being India. In 2001, India was home to a population of around 1,027,015,247, people and today, it hosts approximately 1.2 billion people, and this population is expected to increase to 1.8 billion people by 2050 if effective measures are not taken to stabilize these numbers (Parker 192). (Figure one shows Indias population and the estimated growth rate) This large population has stretched India to its limits as issues like environmental damage and proper sanitation pose a threat to the population. But the biggest challenge that Indias vast population faces today is poverty. Most of the people in India live in poor conditions are profoundly affected by malnutrition as most of the families are lower class and are unable to sustain their families of six or so members. Lack of access to financial resources and proper healthcare makes matters worse for Indias growing population. Many people are uneducated and are therefore unskilled, rendering a significant portion of the population jobless, and even those people who have jobs are underpaid as many employers have prioritized getting profits and cutting on costs. The countrys economy is also not in a position to sustain its economy as medial due to a small percentage of the working class in the country that has resulted in low productivity rates. All these challenges that India is facing can all be traced back to its overpopulated state. Surname 2 Figure 1: Population size and growth rate in India_Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Population-size-and-its-annual-growth-rate-in-India-for1951-2100-The-19512011-data-are_fig1_51530364 More often than not, a country can only support a population that corresponds to its available natural resources, the production methods used, and its labour productivity which is determined by how efficient the labour is, and as earlier stated, Indias labour is not that efficient as most of the population is unskilled. All these factors thus point to the fact that India is populated as its current population cannot be sustained with the available resources. However, this is a bit debatable as a small section of people dont find India overpopulated since they believe the countrys resources are sufficient to sustain everyone, and that the only challenge India faces in terms of resources is that the resources have not been fully exploited (Suman 03). This claim is a bit false as most people are living in dilapidated conditions, and even when this challenge being in dire need to be sorted out, Indias population continues to grow. Furthermore, every place in India indicates overpopulation, whether it is in temples, shopping malls, roads, Surname 3 airports, markets, and any other place of social gathering, people are overcrowded, and this only signifies overpopulation. If policies like birth control and increasing the growth rate of Indias economy are implemented, then there is a chance that Indias overpopulation can be stabilized or managed well. However, these policies, for example, birth control, seem far-fetched as many people have no interest in family planning due to little exposure to the subject. Improving the economy is achievable as countries like China have been able to sustain their similarly large population by increasing its economic growth rate. One thing that worked to Chinas advantage is that unlike in India, people have been convinced that they can change their state of poverty to the point that the country became a high-income state. Therefore, while Indias population acts as the biggest obstacle to its economic development, this can be changed, just like it has been done in China. Birth control, on the other hand, may not change the populations current size, but it can go a long way in determining the rate at which the countrys population increases. Poverty is subjective, and it can be defined in different ways. Indias Tendulkar, for example, defined the poverty line in the country using Rs per capita per month, and between 2011 and 2012, the poverty line was 1000 Rs in Indias urban areas and was Rs 816 in the countrys rural areas. This translated to about 21.9\% of the country is below the poverty line. Another committee, called the Rangarajan committee, estimated that 29.5\% of the population was below the poverty line, with people in rural areas getting Rs 32 per day, and urban areas like cities had people getting Rs 47 daily (Kaur 02). The World Bank also defined Indias poverty in a relatively different way. Indias poverty line was put at U.S. $1.90 in 2015, and as per a 2011 study, up to 21.2\% of Indias population was projected to be below this poverty line, with high chances of this population increasing as the countrys population continues to grow. Indias Surname 4 poverty count is calculated using household expenditure, where peoples purchasing power is considered particularly on food and other essential times. These studies revealed just how poverty had dominated India, but government intervention through schemes like MGNREGS has helped reduce this state in rural areas. While this has helped reduce the poverty rates, especially when compared to Indias urban areas, the countrys population just makes it difficult to make any significant changes as many people generally still live in poverty, and these numbers are increasing. Many children cannot afford to get an education, and even those that do have a higher chance of dropping out, and this translates to high illiteracy levels, which only worsens the state of poverty in the country. Moreover, many illiterate families ave been engulfed in poverty, and most have this idea that the more members a family has, the higher chance of increasing the income earned in that family, and this has prompted many parents to prioritize having many children amongst other reasons like the children taking care of them as they age (Katiyar 305). Also, there is a cultural norm in India of sons being breadwinners for families, families without sons thus keep on having children until they get a son, thus contributing further to overpopulation. Families that hold onto this notion are incapable of providing for the children they have and having more only means the situation worsens, and this leads to high poverty levels. Overpopulation and poverty are corelated in India in that having several children lead to poverty, and the already existing poverty has caused people to have more children. Indias limited educational resources, high death and birth rates have led to impoverished places in India that are thus experiencing overpopulation, indicating that poverty also leads t overpopulation. All is not lost as the governments efforts have helped India to cease being the country with the biggest population of poor people, with Nigeria claiming the top spot. The root cause of Indias poverty has been overpopulation, and this Surname 5 has led to other challenges like high illiteracy levels, a poor state of health facilities, and inaccessible financial resources to the majority of the population. Indias food production is stable than in most countries. However, the country ranks at the 103rd position globally, according to the Global Hunger Index. Many people beg for food in the streets, and a whopping 35.8\% of the countrys children aged five and below are underweight. Why is this the case, yet the countrys food production is stable? The only explanation is that the food being produced is unable to sufficiently sustain the countrys large population. If the amount of food that reaches people is insufficient, then the health and productivity of the population will be affected, and decreased productivity will result in poverty with time. If the food is insufficient, then India might be forced to import food from other countries, meaning the money will have to be invested in foreign exchange, and this is a blow to Indias economy (Sigh et al. 450). Alternatively, India may decide to intensify its farming to cope with its large-increasing population. Unfortunately, intensive farming has its side-effects like damaging of land and other local ecosystems, and this, in the end, affects farming, which is something India cannot afford since a significant portion of the population sustains themselves with farming, and if this crucial sector is tampered with, many farmers will have their livelihoods affected, whether directly or indirectly, and the end result for such farmers is that they will be left in poverty, something most of them are already struggling with. Apart from food production and hunger, the countrys high population has also lowered the countrys per capita income, and even the number of jobs in the country is unable to keep up with the population. If people dont have jobs, then there will be an increase in the number of poor people in the country. With an estimated population growth rate of 1.8\% yearly, the per capita income can only increase of heavy and large investments are made, and this might be Surname 6 strenuous for India to achieve. Overpopulation in India is partly to blame for the high unemployment rates in the country since there will be an oversupply of labour. However, since capital resources are insufficient, it becomes difficult to cater for the whole population by providing meaningful jobs, and there is a higher chance that all these unemployed people will be victims of poverty. Consider the graph-image below showing unemployment rates in India as per 2019: Figure 2:Unemployment rates in India_Source:https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economypolitics/india-unemployment-rate-rises-to-77-in-december-cmie/story/393017.html Basically, all these factors point back to the fact that overpopulation strains a lot of factors like employment and food production, and this ultimately leads to increased poverty levels. Unlike Nigerias poverty levels, whose biggest contributor is corruption, Indias poverty is mainly caused by its large populous nature. An enormous population causes a dysfunctionality in Surname 7 the operating institutions of a country, and even efforts to improve things like infrastructure give little or no results, and in extreme cases, the condition may worsen as areas like social welfare and health sector may completely be ineffective. The Indian government has been taking initiatives to reduce how the countrys population is impacting other areas for over 69 years, but little change has taken place. India has become the victim of illegal migration due to migration from surrounding countries like Bangladesh and Nepal, and this has increased Indias population density (Deb et al. 225). Migrants consist of 30\% of Indias total population, and Indias latest census shows that these numbers will likely increase even further with time. Immigration always impacts how a countrys economy develops, and unlike in countries like the U.S. where migration positively impacted the economy, the same cannot be said for India. Due to issues such as war, many people from surrounding countries are moving to India, and yet most of this moving population are also coming from poverty-ridden countries, making matters even worse for India by creating a sense of imported poverty. Immigration leads to population increase, and will even cause a population redistribution n India. During a parliament session in 2016, Kiren Rijiju, the Minister of State for Home Affairs at the time, said that India was hosting 12 million illegal immigrants from Bangladesh. The reason stated for this was that a significant portion of this number was moving because of Bangladeshs poor economy, and yet even India was not and is still not in a position to contain these numbers as it is already struggling to accommodate its own citizens economically, in terms of standards of living, amongst other factors. There is also a higher chance that undocumented immigrants are likely to go hungry. Indias resources are strained as its nationals and immigrants, whether legal or illegal, strive to use these limited resources, and since the resources cannot Surname 8 accommodate everyone, and those left out only become other victims of poverty. Illegal immigration has also led to the increased pressure of Indias infrastructure such as housing, and the end result of this is growth in the number of slums. It is estimated that 12.9 million children are child labourers. These children are employed, and this eliminates the chances of them getting a good education, making it difficult to educate them on birth control issues, and such children have a high probability of remaining in poverty cycles throughout their childhood (Ritu 159). Majority of these children are engaged in work because they come from poor families that cannot meet their ends, forcing these children to help out on feeding th family. A factor that has contributed to this is that the economic boom happening in the country has mostly taken place in urban areas, thus creating a job deficit in the rural areas. Rural residents are forced to pull out their children from school and put them in industries to work so that they too can earn an income to help take care of the family. In some extreme cases, children are sold to traffickers who may be looking for labourers, and such parents end up getting more children to fill the gap. The cycle repeats itself as the next generation of children while likely be child labourers too, as this is viewed as the only way of overcoming the poverty that has rocked these rural areas. India has also seen an improvement in medical facilities, and while the large population may strain these facilities, improved medical care has resulted in reduced mortality rates since various diseases like polio, measles, and smallpox have been eradicated. Some of these diseases previously claimed many lives, and since they are easy to treat nowadays, this means that more people are living for longer periods, thus contributing to Indias overpopulated state. As long as people are living, they have to look for means to survive, and this means that the facilities will be limited, including th economy, and this can only result in increased poverty levels. Other factors Surname 9 like fertility treatment, though minor, have played a role in the overpopulation experienced in the country, since many many more people are able to have children. As these children grow up, they too will enter the job market and other sectors of the economy that may not be able to accommodate them all due to their large numbers, and with no place to resort to, these masses will more than likely become victims of poverty. A system of multi-marriages and child marriages has dominated India for decades. Estimates indicate that more than half of the married women in the country got married at a young age of approximately 15 to 20 years. As a result, these women had a long period to give birth due to the long time they stayed in these marriages, leading to an explosion in childbirth that has heavily contributed to Indias overpopulation. The multi-marriage tradition in India also plays a role in the increased childbirth. Apart from the effect of overpopulation, the women who entered this child marriages have a higher probability of being engulfed in poverty for the rest of their lives due to the low probability of getting an education, which further lowers their chances of getting reasonable incomes that can help them together with their families get out of poverty (Pintu 19). Young girls in marriages also have a lower chance of engaging in income-generating activities as they spend most of their time engaging in unpaid domestic activities like cleaning, cooking, and looking after their families. The child marriage does not stop at the individuals involved as its effects can also be felt at the national level since they constitute of a big population, and being illiterate and unskilled, this negatively impacts the countrys economy. Poverty is the major factor contributing to child marriages, and unfortunately for the girls involved, this cycle may never end as their fertility rates make them have kids (more than the average woman due to illiteracy on issues like family planning) that eliminates almost all chances of them ever being free from the poverty and its effects. Surname 10 Figure 3: Child Marriage in Indias North East States_Source:https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2019/03/11/why-northeast-witnesses-highestrates-of-child-marriages-in-india Climate change is not primarily caused by overpopulation, but the connections between the two are significant and can lead to negative effects in a country, poverty being one of them. Indias large population means that a lot of food has to go around t feed these people, and some of the ways this can be achieved are through increasing the number of greenhouses in the country, meaning that emission of gases like carbon dioxide in the country will increase at a rate that is directly proportional to global warming. Indias large population also means that the country is using its natural resources at a much higher rate, and replenishing these resources may be almost impossible. Clearly, climate change can be affected by population growth, but how does this relate to poverty? India is heavily investing in initiatives that will help cut on climate change through plans like the CTF investment which is budgeted at $775 million in a bid to use Surname 11 the renewable source of energy, solar power, in some of its economic activities like food production. Heavy investments are being made in initiatives that will fight climate change at a time when India is experiencing more pressing issues like an economy that cannot support its people, which direly needs to be improved so that the countrys high levels of poverty can be addressed. If these funds are diverted to other initiatives like climate change, how will poverty e eradicate? Climate change also threatens food security and agriculture, and both sectors are crucial to India and its economy since a significant percentage of the population heavily depends on these sectors to earn their incomes (Vetter 240). Climate c ... Purchase answer to see full attachment