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Please follow the instructions and go through the attached PDF first and then start working.I need initial post with 2 pages and please dont forget to add reference and later I will post 2 discussions for replies.Several Big Data Visualization tools have been evaluated in this weeks paper. While the focus was primarily on R and Python with GUI tools, new tools are being introduced every day. Compare and contrast the use of R vs Python and identify the pros and cons of each. Provide an example of both programming languages with coding examples as well as your experience in using one or both programming languages in professional or personal work. If you have no experience with either language, please discuss how you foresee using either/both of these languages in visualizing data when analyzing big data. Please make your initial post and two response posts substantive. A substantive post will do at least TWO of the following:Ask an interesting, thoughtful question pertaining to the topicAnswer a question (in detail) posted by another student or the instructorProvide extensive additional information on the topicExplain, define, or analyze the topic in detailShare an applicable personal experienceProvide an outside source (for example, an article from the UC Library) that applies to the topic, along with additional information about the topic or the source (please cite properly in APA)Make an argument concerning the topic.At least one scholarly source should be used in the initial discussion thread. Be sure to use information from your readings and other sources from the UC Library. Use proper citations and references in your post.Select AT LEAST 2 other students threads and post substantive comments on those threads. Your comments should extend the conversation started with the thread. big_data_visualization.pdf Unformatted Attachment Preview International Conference on Smart Computing and Electronic Enterprise. (ICSCEE2018) ©2018 IEEE Big Data Visualization: Allotting by R and Python with GUI Tools SK Ahammad Fahad Abdulsamad Ebrahim Yahya Faculty of Computer and Information Technology Al-Madinah International University Shah Alam, Malaysia bl308@lms.mediu.edu.my Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Northern Border University Rafha, KSA Abdulsamad.qasem@nbu.edu.sa Abstract—A tremendous amount of data comes with a vast amount of knowledge. Decent use of the persistent information can assist to overcome provocations and support to establish further sophisticated judgment. Data visualization techniques are authenticated scientifically as thousand times reliable rather than textual representation. The premature data visualization system met some difficulties and there has some solution for handle this kind of big quantity of data. Data science used two distinct languages Python and R to visualize big data undeviatingly. There also have a lot of tools in operating business. This paper is focused on the visualization technique of Python and R. R appears including the extraordinary visualization library alike ggplot2, leaflet, and lattice to defeat the provocation of the extensive volume. Python has several particular libraries for data visualization. Commonly they are Bokeh, Seaborn, Altair, ggplot and Pygal. Also, with most modern, secure and powerful zero coding GUIs accessories to describe big data visualization for genuine recognition with practical determination. Method and process of visual description of data are significant to recover specific knowledge from the large-scale dataset. Keywords—Big Data Visualization; Python Visualization; R visualization; GUI Visualization; Zero coding Visualization; Visualization Tools I. INTRODUCTION Data visualization narrates the illustration of substance info in graphical appearance. Information visualization complies us to identify sampling, propensity, and interrelation. The human understanding prepares perceived visual data 60,000 times responsive than text. In fact, visible information estimates for 90 \% of the instruction spread to the brain [1] [5]. Today’s enterprises have entrance to an enormous quantity of knowledge generated from each within and out of doors the organization. Knowledge visualization helps to create a sense of it all. Human movement a specific purpose or simplifying the complexities of mounds of information doesnt require the utilization of knowledge visualization, however, in a way; todays world would probably necessitate it. Scanning different worksheets, spreadsheets, or reports are ordinary and wearisome at the best whereas observing charts and graphs is often sufficient easier on the eyes[4]. With massive information obtaining bigger and wider, its competent to undertake the notion that the utilization of data visualization can individually continue to grow, to evolve, and to be of prominent worth. Additionally, though, one approaches the method and observe of information visualization can have to be constrained to grow and evolve additionally [2]. The first benefit of Big Data visualization is that it allows decisionmakers to raise perceive advanced information, nonetheless at intervals the umbrella-concept, there square measure many more-specific benefits value reflecting. Suddenly method the massive information is barely potential by correct data visualization method. By visualization process, huge information is obtainable in real time. With the method of visualization, tremendous amount of data will recognize information higher through interactivity. It will be thought of that Big Data visualization method tells a story within Big Data. Dispatching the data in a universal manner, information allowing the viewers or purpose to immediately recognizable. In this paper, Big data visualization techniques are demonstrated with utmost contemporary and dynamic computer languages scope by meta-analysis with mapping the variations of tools. This comparison between available tools for big data visualization help to non-programmers on the time to adopt more functional tools. II. BIG DATA VISUALIZATION Big Data visualization requires the appearance of data of regarding any character in a graphical pattern that addresses it manageable to conjecture and represents. It belongs to the implementation of further contemporaneous visualization procedures to demonstrate the connections between data. These instances curve incessantly from the use of hundreds of lines, standards, and connects approaching a wider aesthetic perceptible reproduction of the data. But it goes far behind standard corporate graphs, histograms and pie charts to numerous heterogeneous representations like heat maps and fever charts, empowering decision-makers to examine data sets to recognize correspondences or accidental trims [5]. Usually, when corporations demand to perform connections between data, they apply graphs, bars, and charts to do it. They can also obtain the aid of a variety of colors, phrases, and figures. Data visualization uses more interactive, graphical drawings - including personalization and animation - to represent symbols and build relationships between bits of knowledge [2]. A defining characteristic of Big Data visualization is scale. Now enterprises accumulate and collect immense quantities of data that would take years for a human to read, make International Conference on Smart Computing and Electronic Enterprise. (ICSCEE2018) ©2018 IEEE individual sense. But researchers have ascertained that the human retina can broadcast data to the brain at a velocity of approximately 10 megabits per second [4]. Big Data visualization relies on persuasive computer operations to ingest raw corporate data and prepare it to produce graphical illustrations that permit humans to catch in and concede enormous volumes of data in seconds. To do that decisionmaker must be capable to obtain, estimate, embrace and operate on data in approaching real-time, including Big Data visualization encourages a process to be qualified to do exactly that. Big Data visualization procedures offer a secure and powerful way to [5]:  Analyze massive amounts of data – data displayed in graphical form empowers decision-makers to take in massive volumes of data and gain a recognition of something it implies quite immediately – far more instantly than poring over spreadsheets or explaining logarithmic records.  Spot trends – time-sequence data usually apprehend bearings, but spotting biases dropped in data is particularly difficult to do – particularly when the origins are distinct and the amount of data is generous. But the application of suitable Big Data visualization techniques can make it obvious to recognize these trends, and in industry terms, a bearing that is spotted ahead is an occasion that can be performed against.  Recognize similarities and accidental connections – One of the immense concentrations of Big Data visualization is that allows users to investigate information sets–not to gain solutions particular mysteries, but to determine what wonderful penetrations the data can expose. This can be done by appending or excluding data collections, shifting scales, eliminating outliers, and switching visualization representations. Recognizing earlier conceived exemplars and associations in data can fit concerns with a large rival interest.  Present the information to others – An oft-overlooked specialty of Big Data visualization is that, it presents a deeply efficient process to reach any perspicacity that it surfaces to others. Thats because it can communicate application really immediately and in a way that it is clear to understand: exactly what is needed in both intrinsic and obvious business offerings. The human brain has developed to catch in and experience visual knowledge, and it excels at the visible trim realization. It is this technique that facilitates humans to spot hints of risk, as well as to realize human appearances and distinct human appearances such as family members. Big data visualization procedures utilize this by proffering data in a visible form so it can be concocted by this hard-wired human capacity virtually immediately – rather than, for example, by scientific investigation that has to be studied and laboriously involved. The skill with Big Data visualization is deciding the usual efficient method to visualize the data to surface any penetrations it may include. In some situations, uncomplicated business tools before-mentioned as pie charts or histograms may explain the entire story, but with generous, various and different data sets further arcane visualization procedures may be more relevant. III. CHALLENGES Conventional visualization instruments have approached their conclusions when confronted with very extensive datasets and these data are emerging continuously. Though there are some enlargements to conventional visualization propositions they lag behind by distances. The visualization apparatus should be able to provide us interactive visualization with as low latency as desirable. To diminish the latency, Use the preprocessed data, Parallelize Data Processing and Rendering and Use an ominous middleware will be helpful to overcome [1]. Big Data visualization apparatus must be able to deal with semi-structured and unstructured data because big data usually have this type of composition. It is recognized that to cope with such enormous volume of data there is a need for extensive parallelization, which is a provocation in visualization. The challenge in parallelization algorithm is to break down the puzzle into such unconventional task that they can run autonomously. The task of big data visualization is to identify exceptional patterns and correspondences. It needs to discreetly choose the dimensions of data to be reflected, if it reduces dimensions to make our visualization low then we may end up missing magnetic originals but if it uses all the dimensions we may end up having visualization too thick to be beneficial to the users. For precedent: “Given the general appearances (1-3 million pixels), visualizing each data purpose can lead to overplotting, overlying and may overwhelm user’s perceptual and cognitive capabilities” [1]. Due to enormous quantity and huge significance of big data, it becomes difficult to visualize. Most of the contemporary visualization tool have low representation in scalability, functionality and rejoinder time. Lots of Systems have been intended which not only visualizes data but prepares at the same time. Certain methods use Hadoop and storage solution and R programming, Python Programming language as compiler context in the model. Some other important big data visualization problems are as follows; Visible noise: Utmost of the contrivances in the dataset is extremely relative to respectively. It enhances really difficult to distribute them. Information loss: To raise the response time it decreases dataset discernibility, but drives to information destruction. High vision perspicacity: Even behind obtaining solicited standardized output it was restricted by environmental understanding. The high rate of image change: If the movement of change to the image is too high it becomes impracticable to react to the number. International Conference on Smart Computing and Electronic Enterprise. (ICSCEE2018) ©2018 IEEE Fig. 1. Bar chart and Line Chart High-performance demands: While static visualization, this circumstance ignored compared to a dynamic visualization which requires more i.e. high execution. Real-Time Scalability: is significant to equip users with visual real-time data and it is also essential to make real-time determinations based on available data. Nevertheless, enormous quantities of data would be too comprehensive to prepare in real-time. Most visualization schemes are only intended to handle data beneath a particular size because many data sets are too generous to fit in memory and query large data could incur high latency. It is stimulating to overcome restrictions like data connectivity and limited storage and data processing aptitudes in real time. Interactive Scalability: is expanding the advantages of data visualization. Interactive data visualization can help assume the perspicacity of data quickly and properly. It takes time to prepare and examine data before visualization, particularly enormous amounts of data. The visualization arrangement may even halt for an elongated period of time or collision while attempting to present huge volumes of data. Estimating heterogeneous query processing procedures to terabytes while permitting interactive acknowledgment times is a major open research predicament today. IV. VISUALIZE BIG DATA WITH R R provides some satisfactory visualization library to establish visualizations including simultaneous data handling. In R visualization programming amongst libraries; ggplot2, [12] Fig 2. Box plot Execution Fig. 3. (a) Correlogram and (b) Heat Map leaflet, lattice are the most accepted [6]. All the impressions to generate the standard as well as high-level visualizations in R Programming with the essential code with the figure. For visualization procedure for R, all data are taken from HistData package [8], in the other word the HistData package are the sample data for the segment for visualization Big Data in R. The HistData [8] package offers a delicate data collections which are vital and meaningful for evaluating statistics and data visualization. Determination of the sequence is to perform certain advantageous for instructional and research perspective. Exceptional individual contemporary with new motives for graphics or representation in R. To represent Big Data in R, this section organized with 9 distinct type of visualization method. Some are essential and some are suitable for the particular case of complexity. A. Bar / Line Chart Bar Plots are becoming for showing the relation among increasing totals beyond individual accumulations. Stacked Plots are practiced for bar plots for different sections. Line Charts are generally fancied when investigations a trend spread over a time duration. It also fit plots where the demand to analyze relevant variations in quantities beyond some variable like ‘time’ [6]. Line chart explaining the improvement in air travelers over the distributed time interval. In fig. 1. (a) Line chat and (b), (c), and (d) is three types of Bar chart. Fig. 4. Histogram Visualization by R International Conference on Smart Computing and Electronic Enterprise. (ICSCEE2018) ©2018 IEEE Below codes are applied to ‘HistData’ [8] to get this Visualization. plot(AirPassengers,type=l) barplot(iris$Petal.Length) barplot(iris$Sepal.Length,col = brewer.pal(3,Set1)) barplot(table(iris$Species,iris$Sepal.Length),col=brewer.pal(3,Set1)) B. Box plot Box Plot notes five leading numbers- initial starting by zero, the first quarter in 25\%, the average in 50\%, third quarter on 75\%\% and the last point at 100\%. Following code applied in ‘HisData’, and following 4 unconventional graphic visualizations is executed. Using the ~ sign, it can reflect wherewith the measure is over multiple divisions [7]. The color palette is practiced to produce the diagram (fig. 2.) engaging and stimulating understand visual perfections. data(iris) #dataset from HistData par(mfrow=c(2,2)) boxplot(iris$Sepal.Length,col=red) boxplot(iris$Sepal.Length~iris$Species,col=red) oxplot(iris$Sepal.Length~iris$Species,col=heat.colors(3)) boxplot(iris$Sepal.Length~iris$Species,col=topo.colors(3)) C. Correlogram Correlogram encourages us to visualize the data in correlation matrices [11]. Its extremely accommodating to GUI users. Fig. 3. (a) represent the below code. cor(iris[1:4]) Sepal.LengthSepal.WidthPetal.LengthPetal.Width Sepal.Length1.0000000 -0.1175698 0.8717538 0.8179411 Sepal.Width -0.1175698 1.0000000 -0.4284401 -0.3661259 Petal.Length0.8717538 -0.4284401 1.0000000 0.9628654 Petal.Width0.8179411 -0.3661259 0.9628654 1.0000000 D. Heat Map Heat maps allow data interpretation with the pair of XY axis while the post dimensions determined by the concentration of color. It requires proselyting the dataset to a model construction [7] (fig. 3. (b)). It intention employ tableplot performing from the tabplot sequence to rapidly decrease the number of data as presented in fig. 3. (c). heatmap(as.matrix(mtcars)) image(as.matrix(b[2:7])) E. Histogram Histogram is fundamentally a plot that disintegrates the Fig. 5. (a)Map Visualization and (b) Mosaic Map data on disagreements and presents the frequency spread of those containers. It Fig. 5. (a)Map Visualization and (b) Mosaic Map package replace this split similarly. These directions are employed standard (mfrow=c(2,5)) lead to implement complex graphs on the corresponding side to that concern of clearness [10]. Fig. 4 has the accomplishment visual data of code below; library(RColorBrewer) data(VADeaths) par(mfrow=c(2,3)) hist(VADeaths,breaks=10, col=brewer.pal(3,Set3),main=Set3 3 colors) hist(VADeaths,breaks=7, col=brewer.pal(3,Set1),main=Set1 3 colors) hist(VADeaths,col=brewer.pal(8,Greys),main=Greys 8 colors) hist(VADeaths,col=brewer.pal(8,Greens),main=Greens 8 colors) F. Map Visualization The latest erudition toward R holds extraordinary visualization library Javascript. The leaflet uncomplicated by open-source JavaScript visualization library for the map. [10]. Fig. 5. (a) Have the visualize result of following code for Map visualization throw ‘leaflet’ library. library(magrittr) library(leaflet) m <- leaflet() \%>\% addTiles() \%>\% addMarkers(lng=77.2310, lat=28.6560, popup=The delicious food of chandnichowk) G. Mosaic plots A mosaic plot (Marimekko diagrams) multidimensional expansion graphically presents the data for the individual variable. Also, practiced for two or more qualitative variables in the area of displaying the related orders [11]. The following code was represent the human hair and eye color relational data with their gender in fig. 5 (b). data(HairEyeColor) mosaicplot(HairEyeColor) H. Scatter plot Scatter plots support for visualizing data efficiently and for unadulterated data pageant. Matrix of scatter plot can improve visualization involved variables capping specific. There have several types of Scatter Plot. In the fig. 6. (a) Matrix type of Fig. 6. Big Data Visualization by R in (a) Scatter plot and (b) 3D Graphs International Conference on Smart Computing and Electronic Enterprise. (ICSCEE2018) ©2018 IEEE Among the library, most popular and efficient selected library was presented with a meta-analysis. Those are; Pygal, ggplot, Seaborn, Bokeh, and Altair [12]. Fig. 7. Python Visualization Library Scatter Plot is shown the basis of code. There have more in Scatterplot. plot(iris,col=brewer.pal(3,Set1)) I. 3D Graphs The generous supreme and exceptional inclinations of R in fact of data visualization are producing 3D sketches (fig. 6. (b)). One of the 3D representation of data was represented according the code below with ‘HistData’ sample data. “data(iris, package=’datasets’) scatter3d(Petal.Width~Petal.Length+Sepal.Length|Species data=iris, fit=’linear’, residuals=TRUE, parallel=FALSE bg=’black’, axis.scales=TRUE, grid=TRUE, ellipsoid=FALSE)” V. BIG DATA VISUALIZATION BY PYTHON Primary determinations of Python for visualization method in Big Data for its reliability among developers from a wide scope of specialties. Invariably, all of the segments distribute extensive amounts of data and presenting that information in an obvious way. Python operates distinctive library for several standards data and adjusted visualization method. Few outstanding are noted in fig. 7. 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