Fluent Essays

1st -- For the discussion post (I attached the essay, answer those questions according the essay): Describe the situation (raw material--what youre actually exploring) and story (the larger significance youll draw) of your Investigation essay. Describe a possible personal experiment, and link to at least one source that youre thinking of using.Consider discussing any of the following elements:- what youll render in scenic writing- your examples of ethos, pathos, and logos- a multimodal element- a list of driving questions (and answers, if you want)2nd -- responses to peers (the 2 pics I attached are my peers discussion post) When responding to the posts of two peers, think of all the specific stuff you can discuss! Can you suggest a different kind of argumentation (ethos, pathos, logos)? Can you find another picture/photo/video that intrigues you about their subject and post it or a link to them? Can you help them clarify the bounds of their experiment, or suggest a new one that comes to mind? Another driving question after the ones theyve listed? Or anything else that comes to mind from the prompt? xnip2020_05_22_01_45_25.jpg xnip2020_05_22_01_45_40.jpg essay__3.doc Unformatted Attachment Preview Surname 1 Name Professor Course Date Parental Divorce Exposes Children to Drug Abuse Drugs and substance abuse is emerging as a serious healthcare concern that affects the quality of life and results in significant deaths either directly or indirectly in contemporary society. Word Health Organization reports that 5 \% of the worlds total population abuse some kind of drugs, while more than 3 million people globally die every year out of harmful use of alcohol. Among this population, the majority are young adults and teenagers. In the United States, the American Addiction Center reports that the number of people who have died out of drug and substance abuse has three times increased since1990. Between 1999 and 2017, the American Addiction Center Reports that more than one million Americans have passed way because of overdosing some drugs. On average, the American Addiction Center says that 30 Americans die every day out of drug and substance abuse. These statistics reveal that drug and substance abuse has emerged to be among the major killers in the contemporary world. Although it is evident that drugs and substance abuse is one of the significant healthcare threats affecting the current generation, there has been no definite factor understood to be contributing to this problem. However, sometime last year, I made the most unusual discovery. While working as a volunteer in Fountain of Hope Drug Rehabilitation and Treatment Center, I realized that more than half of those undergoing treatment in this facility reported in their profiles that their parents divorced while they were young indicating that there is a relationship between parental divorce and substance addition among children. Surname 2 After discovering that the majority of those undergoing rehabilitation in Fountain of Hope Drug Rehabilitation and Treatment Center had reported that their parents separated while they were young, it was true that there is a relationship between parental divorce/ separation and drug abuse. However, to find the truth about this relationship required further research. I, therefore, analyzed various psychological articles which deal with the impacts of parental divorce and separation on parents. I also conducted verbal interviews with multiple professionals such as psychologists and sociologists, to get their point about the issue. A study conducted by William H. Jeynes titled “Effects of Recent Parental Divorce on Their Children Consumption of Alcohol established that adolescents whose parents had recently separated frequently consumed larger volumes of alcohol, unlike functional families. Jeyness study on firmed my argument that indeed, parental divorce increased the vulnerability of children to drugs and substance abuse. While this study supports that the separation of parents could expose teenagers to drugs and substance abuse, the question still existed was what the exact issues that lead these children to drug and substance abuse after their parents are divorced are? In the article Parental Divorce and Initiation of Alcohol Use in Early Adolescence, Jackson, Rogers, and Sartor identify that parents divorce is one of the childhood encounters that incases alcohol dependence among teenagers and young adults. According to Jackson et al., divorce or parental separation is always a challenging experience for both parents and children. When parents divorce or separate the entire functioning of family changes. For instance, how family members use to relate and communicate subsequently change. Children just as their separated parents have to find new ways to accommodate the change. Jackson et al. claim that children it is often challenging to understand and adapt to the changing family dynamics hence resulting in stress. Jackson et al. further argue that divorce among parents triggers different Surname 3 negative emotions among children. For instance, they say that children are likely to have feelings of loss. Because these children no longer see their family together as they used to, they develop, they begin to feel that they have lost something fundamental in their life. Jackson et al. further claim that these children may build a feeling of anger. They feel overwhelmed but do not know how to respond. As a result, they become increasingly angry and irritable towards their parents or even friends. Jackson et al. also argue that children may also develop guilt when parents divorce. They keep on wondering when why such unfortunate happening befell their family. Sometimes, these children end up blaming themselves for the problem. According to Jackson et al., the stress and negative emotions that young people, particularly teenagers, encounter after parental divorce quickly push them into drug and substance abuse. They argue that since these children do not know how to cope with the situation resiliently, they promptly resort to drugs and substance misuse to manage their stress. As they use drugs, they temporarily get relieved of the painful reality, but they slowly find themselves growing into chronic users. Berkowitz, Stover further echo the sentiments shared by Jackson et al. In their article Berkowitz et al. hold that adverse childhood experiences affect adult behaviors, and parental divorce automatically fits this criterion. Berkowitz et al. maintain that teenagers who live with their fathers after a divorce are more likely to indulge in drugs and substance abuse than those who live with their mothers. This is because male parents are more likely to engage in bad behavior that these teenagers can copy, unlike the mother. Fathers are thrice more likely to drink in the presence of teenagers compared to mothers (Berkowitz, Stover, and Marans 677). Although Berkowitz et al. identify that teenagers living with fathers are more likely to get involved in drugs and substance abuse, unalike those living with their mothers. They also acknowledge that, generally, adolescents whose parents have separated have higher chances of Surname 4 abusing drugs. They argue that parental divorcee triggers severe emotional and psychological impacts on children, which may lead them into drugs and substance abuse later as young adults. Divorce is not an ordinary experience in nearly all societies. It is an experience associated with stigma and mockery. Berkowitz at al. argue that children experience a lot of shame when their parents divorce. Sometimes, they get mocked and teased by their friends and peers in school. These subject these children to severe emotional and psychological load that expose them to drugs and substances. Berkowitz at al. argue that divorce also leads to critical changes in the life of children. When parents live together, they can combine resources and amicably provide for the needs of the children. Most of the time, the situation is different when the parents divorce. Often, the responsibility of providing for the children remains in the hands of one parent as the other partner moves to start a new family elsewhere. Therefore, it becomes difficult for the one parent staying with the children to meet the needs of the children as before amicably. Life begins to change for these children. As a result, they begin to get stressed and depressed and increasing their chances of engaging in drugs and substance abuse (678). In their article Brennan and Torgeir also look into the relationship between parental divorce and substance abuse among young people. They look into divorce as a factor that creates a dysfunctional family, which eventually becomes unable to meet the needs of young people and eventually leads them to drugs and substance abuse. According to Brennan and Torgeir, a family is the basic functional unit of socialization in society. They argue that the rise of an individual as a conforming member of the community to a more considerable extent depends on the family, which is the basic social unit in society (370). Right from birth, the family becomes the first social learning institution in the life of an individual and therefore plays a significant role in determining the probability of someone becoming a deviant and nonconforming member of the Surname 5 society in the future. The first role of the family, according to Brennan and Torgeir, is providing the basic needs of an individual from the time they are born. By basic need, they refer to food shelter clothing and also protection? They argue that children get these basic needs in satisfaction when families are functional. However, dysfunctional families are unable to meet the necessities required by children adequately. In the events of prenatal divorce, Brennan and Torgeir Argue that families become dysfunctional. As a result, it becomes challenging for children to receive the basic needs they require effectively. Because these children do not receive adequate basic needs in their childhood, they are likely to grow up with personality defects that increase their chances of being drug abusers. For example, they say that these children are likely to grow up suffering from low self-esteem simply because they never received the much needed parental protection and security during their childhood. With low self-esteem as young adults, they are unable to face the changes they encounter in life with resiliency and readily resort to drugs and substance abuse (374). Apart from providing basic needs, Brennan and Torgeir also argue that the familiar has the critical duty of instilling moral values on children, which helps them live a conforming life and avoid drugs later in life. They argue that family is the first social learning institution through which children acquire good or bad values. In a properly functional family, children receive ethical values that will make them a responsible member of society by learning from their parents. Brennan and Torgeir Argue argues that parents act as role models to the children, and they learn to copy what their parents do. He argues that parental divorce exposes children by interfering with these learning processes. When parents divorce, children will miss one of their role models in life, this leaves a significant gap that quickly exposes them to drugs and substance Surname 6 abuse. With one of the parents missing in action, these children turn to learn from their peers, which quickly exposes them to drugs (378). Finally, Brennan and Torgeir argue that parenting is a crucial family function that helps to prevent children from engaging in drugs and substance abuse. In this argument, Brennan and Torgeir borrow from Albert Banduras theory of cognitive learning. They argue that drugs and substance abuse is a behavior that a child learns through interacting with other members of society and parenting is very important to help children from this behavior. Brennan and Torgeir argue that we live in an imperfect society where there are always some deviant. As children grow up, they are likely to interact with these nonconforming individuals and learn lousy behavior such as drug abuse. A family is, therefore, important because it helps to shape a childs behavior through parenting. They argue that parenting involves rewarding or punishing behavior. When bad behavior is punished, children learn that it is wrong and drop it entirely, and when ethical behavior is rewarded, children embrace it. Brennan and Torgeir argue that parenting is very effective in functional families. However, children from divorced families are more likely to engage in substance abuse because of various reasons. When parents divorce, children ether live with one parent or sometimes are left in the custody of relatives such as grandparents. It is very challenging for a single parent to monitor children properly. Single parent find it completely difficult to maneuver the employment and also give their best in parenting. They have little time to concentrate on what their children are doing. As a result, their children keep indulging in harmful behaviors such as drug abuse without their knowledge. Drugs and substance abuse is becoming one of the primary healthcare challenges of contemporary times. Statistics by the World Health Organization and American Addiction Center reveal that drugs and substance abuse are emerging as significant killers in the current Surname 7 society. More than 3 million individual are reportedly dying out of drug related problems every year. To properly deal with this healthcare problem that is significantly threatening the modern youth, it is first essential to have a clear understanding of the factors contributing to the increased cases of drug abuse both nationally and globally. For instance, several studies point out that parental divorce significantly exposes more teenagers to this problem. Most studies agree that parental divorce triggers psychological and emotional challenges that make young people more likely to abuse drugs. Surname 8 Works Cited Berkowitz Steven, Stover, Smith, and Marans, Stephens. The child and family traumatic stress intervention: Secondary prevention for youth at risk of developing PTSD. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol. 52, no. 6, 2011, pp. 676-685 Brennan, Linda, and Watne, Torgeir. Behavioral Change Starts in the Family: The Role of Family Communication and Implications for Social Marketing. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, vol. 23, no. 4, 2011, pp. 367-386 Jackson, Kristina. Rogers, Michelle, and Sartor, Carolyn. Sartor. Parental Divorce and Initiation of Alcohol Use in Early Adolescence. Psychol Addict Behav, vol 30, no. 4, 2016, pp.450–461. Jeynes, William. The Effects of Recent Parental Divorce on Their Childrens Consumption of Alcohol. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, vol. 30, no. 5, 2005, pp. 305–309 World health organization. Management of substance, May 22, 2018, abusehttps://www.who.int/substance_abuse/facts/en/. Accessed May 18, 2020 ... Purchase answer to see full attachment