BIOL 103 UMGC biomolecules Data Sheet Lab Report - Science
I am absolutely lost on what I am supposed to do. I did the lab and filled out the data tables. I am attaching the lab worksheet as well as the background for the assignment
week_2_lab.docx
activity_form_biomolecules__1_.docx
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Conducting Experiments
The foundation of science knowledge is based on experimentation. Experiments are
carefully designed to assure that results can be clearly interpreted. In conducting
experiments, it is extremely important that all variables be very precisely defined,
measured and controlled. In the laboratory experiments in this course, you will need to
identify, measure and control specific variables like a scientist would do.
The first step of an experiment is to come up with a question based on an observation. For
example, you might ask Does the amount of nitrogen in the soil in my garden have an
impact on the number of tomatoes on the vine?. You would then develop a testable
hypothesis statement. For example, I hypothesize that the number of tomatoes in my
garden will be low when the content of nitrogen in the soil is low.
Independent variable
You will set the value of this variable (for example, the amount of nitrogen in the soil) it can
be set to different values (for example, nitrogen levels could be low, medium, and high).
Dependent variable
The value of the variable will vary depending the value of the independent variable (for
example, the number of tomatoes on the vine will be high when the amount of nitrogen is
medium, but the number of tomatoes on the vine will be low when the amount of nitrogen
is low and high). The value of this variable is the main experimental result. As part of a
hypothesis statement, you would state how the independent variable will impact the
dependent variable.
Control variable
You will set these values so that they do not change. By keeping these variables constant,
you assure that they do not impact either the independent variable or the dependent
variable (for example, if you set up three different test gardens for low, medium and high
nitrogen soil levels, you will want to make sure that all three gardens receive the same
amount of water and sunlight. In this case, water and sunlight would be the variables that
you control.).
Experimental results
Experimental results can be either qualitative or quantitative. In the example above, the
experimental result is quantitative because you can count the number of tomatoes; that is,
you can quantify the result. If, for example, we defined the dependent variable as the
appearance of blotches on the tomatoes then this could be regarded as a qualitative result
because we are not quantifying the number of blotches nor the number of tomatoes with
blotches. We are simply checking for the presence of blotches. Essentially, we are
evaluating the quality of the result.
Biological Molecules
All matter is made of atoms; thus, living beings are also made of atoms and we speak of the
chemistry of life. An examination of the periodic table of elements reminds us that chemical
elements in certain groups on the left side of the periodic table interact with certain other
elements on the right side of the periodic table; for example, sodium chloride NaCl (salt).
Interaction of the elements that form the basis of living organisms is also important.
Biological molecules form the basis for the organelles, cells, tissues and organs and interact
with elements and other biological molecules through arrangements of elements called
functional groups. See the image below of a biomolecule with representative amino and
carboxyl functional groups. Note that R represents a group of atoms attached to the
functional groups; the R group is referred to as a side chain.
Sugars (saccharides) have hydroxyl functional groups and aldehyde functional groups.
These aldehyde group of saccharides interacts with chemicals in a test solution called
Benedict reagent. This test results in a change in color when a specific kind of sugar (called
a reducing sugar) is present. Monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, are reducing
sugars.
Proteins are composed of polymers of amino acids called peptides. There can be many
amine/amino functional groups in proteins. These groups interact with chemicals in a test
solution called Biuret Test reagent. Note that some peptides function as long-strand
molecules rather than as proteins. The amino groups in long strands of peptides can also
interact with chemicals in the Biuret Test solution.
Nutritionally speaking, we categorize the macromolecules as carbohydrates (sugars), lipids
(fats), and proteins.
Note: Benedict and Biuret testing solutions are mentioned above only as examples. You will
in fact use entirely different testing solutions for your lab work.
Orientation to the Biomolecules Lab Activities
Procedure I Overview
Group 1: Known Sample Solutions - In this procedure you will observe the reaction (color
change) when different test solutions are added to a set of known sample solutions. This
information will be used in the next procedure to determine the types of biomolecules
present in a set of unknown sample solutions.
Procedure II Overview
Group 2: Unknown Sample Solutions - In this procedure you will observe the reaction
(color change) when different test solutions are added to a set of unknown sample
solutions. Using information from the previous procedure you will be able to identify the
type of biomolecule present in each unknown sample solution.
TableTop Sc
Data Sheet: Activity - Biomolecules
All Content is Copyright Protected and May NOT Be Posted or Shared Outside Of The Classroom
Name
Course
Date
BIOL 103
28 May 2020
Activity Data Code JCU
Procedure I - Group 1: Known Sample Solutions
Complete the table below using your data from Procedure I. For each sample solution (A-E)
indicate any color change that occurs when a test solution is added. Fill in the last column
(Biomolecule Classification) using data found under the Activity Form tab.
Data Table I
Sample
Solution
Test
Solution
1
Reaction
Test
Solution
2
Reaction
Test
Solution
3
Reaction
Test
Solution
4
Reaction
Test
Solution
5
Reaction
Biomolecule
Classification
A
Red
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Sugar
B
Red
Blue
Clear
Clear
Clear
Starch
C
Clear
Clear
Green
Clear
Clear
Fat
D
Clear
Clear
Clear
Purple
Clear
Protein
E
Clear
Clear
Clear
Purple
Grey
Amino Acid
TableTop Science – All Rights Reserved
1
Observations and Questions
[1] Write a hypothesis statement for the experiment you conducted for Procedure I.
[2] Which variable represents the independent variable? What information helped you to come
to that decision?
[3] Would you characterize this experiment as qualitative or quantitative? What information
helped you to come to that decision?
[4] Refer to your completed Data Table I and place the appropriate answer to each of the
statements below.
Answers: amino acid, starch, fat, sugar or starch, protein or amino acid
Statements:
Test Solution 1 reacts with:
Test Solution 2 reacts with:
Test Solution 3 reacts with:
Test Solution 4 reacts with:
Test Solution 5 reacts with:
2
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Procedure II - Group 2: Unknown Sample Solutions
Complete the table below using your data from Procedure II. For each sample solution (A-E)
indicate any color change that occurs when a test solution is added. Next, use Data Table I to
determine the biomolecule classification for each sample solution. Hint: compare the color
changes in both tables to make your determinations.
Data Table II
Sample
Solution
Test
Solution
1
Reaction
Test
Solution
2
Reaction
Test
Solution
3
Reaction
Test
Solution
4
Reaction
Test
Solution
5
Reaction
A
Red
Blue
Clear
Clear
Clear
B
Red
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
C
Clear
Clear
Clear
Purple
Grey
D
Clear
Clear
Clear
Purple
Clear
E
Clear
Clear
Green
Clear
Clear
Biomolecule
Classification
Observations and Questions
[5] In Procedure II, did any of your unknown sample solutions (A, B, C, D, E) contain sugars? If
yes, which one? What information helped you to come to that decision?
TableTop Science – All Rights Reserved
3
[6] In Procedure II, did any of your unknown sample solutions (A, B, C, D, E) contain protein? If
yes, which one? What information helped you to come to that decision?
[7] Using the laboratory tests in this experiment, would you be able to distinguish between a
small molecule such as amino acid from a larger molecule such as a protein? Explain why or
why not.
[8] Using the laboratory tests in this experiment, would you be able to distinguish between a
starch and a sugar such as glucose? Explain why or why not.
4
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