Fluent Essays

I would like to do my research paper about Smoking in public places because I experience this almost every day. Me as a non-smoker, I really dislike the fact that when I am in public and people are allowed to smoke around me. This is not only dangerous for my health but also the health of the younger generations. Children breathe the smoke which damages their lunges and can cause very serious problems later on in life. Some questions I will answer in my paper are; Should they ban smoking in public and why? What should they do to not offend smokers? Is it correct to have special designated smoking areas all around the city? Should there be a citation for people who smoke around people under the age of 21 (this is the age to legally purchase tobacco related products)?Attached is the research summaries you did!HERE ARE THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE FIRST DRAFT:Your paper should be in a Microsoft Word File and use Times New Roman, 12-point font.It needs to 80\% written, (8-9 pages) with only small sections needing revision or further research. (You can use bullet points for areas that are not finished.Your draft should consist of the following:Introduction with thesis in bold (1-2 pages)Informative Section (2-3 pages) - Summarize your research in this section.Opposing view (2-3 pages)Your View (3-4 pages)Conclusion (1 paragraph-1 page)Works Cited Section (5-7 Scholarly Sources) - This should be in final draft form.Your assignment is due on May 20, but I advise you to contact me during office hours or via email to discuss your progress and ask questions over the next few weeks. If you spend 30 minutes on this draft every day, it will actually be an assignment you will enjoy, as opposed to doing it all at the last minute. Your final draft will be due June 6. research_summary__3.doc Unformatted Attachment Preview Surname 1 Name Professor Course Date McKeganey, Neil, and Tiffany Dickson. Why don’t more smokers switch to using ecigarettes: The views of confirmed smokers? International journal of environmental research and public health 14.6 (2017): 647. Summary The article on Why Don’t More Smokers Switch to Using E-Cigarette: The Views of Confirmed Smokers is written by Tiffany Dickson and Neil McKeganey. The article indicates that e-cigarette is relatively less harmful compared to the use of combustible cigarettes. In this case, e-cigarette refers to devices that have the shape of a cigarette, a pen, or a cigar though they do not contain tobacco. The device comprises a battery and a nicotine solution that appears to be less harmful, with fewer chemicals compared to a standard cigarette. According to the article, McKeganey and Dickson indicate that e-cigarette is 95\% less dangerous in comparison with the other tobacco products, and therefore it exposes the users to fewer health problems. The authors of the article made this conclusion after conducting a study comprising of 650 smokers, among which 91\% of them were daily smokers. However, 59\% of these individuals were using electronic nicotine, while 41\% used combustible cigarettes. According to the reason, individuals who were smoking combustible cigarettes daily without attempting to use e-cigarette gave two reasons for their avoidance of using the electronic nicotine device. One of the reasons was that the smokers claimed that they enjoyed smoking tobacco, and they had no willingness to quit smoking since they argued that individuals who use electronic nicotine are those who have the intention of quitting tobacco use. The second reason was that they preferred using tobacco rather than the electronic nicotine since they had much interest in continuing smoking real tobacco rather than its imitation. List of Statistical Data/Key Ideas/Quotes According to the information contained in the article, there are about 2.8 million individuals who use e-cigarettes in Great Britain. However, those who use tobacco products are considered to be more than those using e-cigarette since the number of adults only, constitute to 8.7 million individuals. These statistics indicate that the percentage of individuals who use ecigarettes in the entire nation is 16.4\%, while those who smoke tobacco are 83.6\%. This is an indication that many people prefer using tobacco than nicotine solution devices. there are approximately 2.8 million people in Great Britain using e-cigarettes, 51\% of whom are current smokers (11). For the researchers to find out the reason why people in Great Britain preferred tobacco use to electronic cigarettes, they conducted a study comprised of 650 smokers where some of them smoked every day while others were not using the product of a daily basis. Though most of the smokers did not like electronic nicotine, it was found to be harmless compared to the tobacco. “E-cigarettes have been characterized by Public Health England as being around 95\% less harmful than combustible tobacco products” (11). The Reaction of the Article Smoking is harmful to the health of an individual. However, people do not like to quit smoking. Studies indicate that there are several types of smoking where some of them involve tobacco smoking and the use of electronic nicotine device that is commonly known as ecigarette. In this case, an e-cigarette is considered to have minimal effect compared to the regular cigarette. Since it is considered to be 95\% less harmful, the government needs to encourage Surname 2 smokers to use e-cigarette instead of a tobacco cigarette. By so doing, the government will not offend the smokers as it would be if the authority bans smoking completely. Mini, G. K., and K. R. Thankappan. Switching to smokeless tobacco, the most common smoking cessation method: results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, India. public health 136 (2016): 172-174. Summary The article by Mini & Thankappan (2016) regarding Switching to Smokeless Tobacco, The Most Common Smoking Cessation Method: Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, India, is among the materials that have been prepared to reduce the effect of smoking among people not only in India but also across the world. Mini and Thankappan have written the article with an intention to assist people in switching from cigarette smoking to the use of smokeless tobacco. According to the article, the authors argue that smoking is among the several ways in which tobacco is used. In this case, tobacco smoking involves the use of cigarettes. However, there are other ways in which tobacco can be used, such as through chewing. Chewing is considered to be less harmful compared to smoking since smoking does affect not only the tobacco user but also the passers-by and the people around. The article indicates that it is rare for non-smokers to contract tobacco-related diseases in India due to the increased smokeless tobacco use in the country. However, this is different compared to other countries such as the US, where tobacco smokers are more in comparison with smokeless tobacco users. Just like other countries, there were several smokers in India, but the use of smokeless tobacco started due to the cessation to switch from smoke to smokeless tobacco. At the time when the majority of the smokers in Indian society had not switched to smokeless product, there was a high rate of passive effects where even the non-smokers developed smoking-related diseases. However, the increased rate of smokeless tobacco cessation has significantly reduced such impact. List of Statistical Data/Key Ideas/Quotes According to the article, among the 275 million tobacco users in India, 206 million (75\%) were smokeless tobacco users, including 15\% combined users of smoking and smokeless tobacco, and the remaining 25\% were exclusive smokers (1). After Mini and Thankappan analyzed the number of smokeless tobacco users in India, they realized that the individuals who engaged themselves in such practices ranged between the age of 19 and 49 years. This analysis enabled them to understand that even in other countries of the world, individuals who significantly use tobacco are aged between 19 and 49 years. The authors of the article have presented several reasons as to why there is increased use of smokeless tobacco in India compared to other countries. Based on that argument, Mini and Thankappan indicate that Some of the reasons for the increase in smokeless tobacco use could be attributed to the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003 which banned smoking in public places in India whereas there is no such ban for smokeless tobacco” (2). Reaction The enactment of COTPA in 2003 has significantly enabled India to make a great step in reduced the effects of passive smoke in India. Before the enactment of the law, India was among the countries with a high number of tobacco smokers. However, after the law was developed, the large population of smokers was not ready to quit smoking. This made them switch to smokeless tobacco since it has no effect of passive smoke. The law indicated that no one is supposed to smoke in public places. Therefore, other countries need to ban smoking in public places for smokers to switch to smokeless tobacco, which is less harmful compared to smoking. Surname 3 Sansone, Genevieve, et al. Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Public Places and Support for Smoke-Free Laws in Japan: Findings from the 2018 ITC Japan Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17.3 (2020): 979. Summary The article on Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Public Places and Support for SmokeFree Laws in Japan: Findings From the 2018 ITC Japan Survey has been written by several authors who include Sansone, Fong, Meng, Craig, Xu, Quah, & Tabuchi (2020). The collaboration between these authors has made them conduct an effective study on how smoking in public places affects many people through secondhand smoke. The article indicates that secondhand smoke is considered one of the significant threats to the health conditions in 2017. According to the article, an estimate of 1.22 individuals died in 2017 from secondhand smoke across the world. However, these deaths could be avoided in there was no secondhand smoke. This implies that a large number of people who live with tobacco smokers or pass in smoking places are vulnerable to contracting smoking-related diseases that can even lead to their death. The article indicates that there is a need for the public to be protected from secondhand smoke to reduce their death. However, not all agencies have the capacity to reduce the harm of secondhand smoke among the public. Several countries have developed partial smoke bans as a way of minimizing the exposure of the public to secondhand smoke, but people are still dying from the effect of the smoke. In this case, partial smoke bans involve tobacco smoking in some designated areas. Currently, Japan is one of the countries that have developed strong smoke-free laws as a way of protecting the public from secondhand smoke. List of Statistical Data/Key Ideas/Quotes According to the statistical data provided in the article by Sansone at al. (2020), secondhand smoke (SHS) is a significant threat to health, estimated to have killed 1.22 million people globally in 2017” (1). This is an indication that every country across the world has secondhand smoke-related deaths. According to the number of individuals who die from other causes of death, this population is extremely high, thus showing the need to ban tobacco smoking in public places. The laws that need to be enacted to reduce the effect of passive smoke are supposed to be strong in such a way that no one is supposed to die from the impact of secondhand smoke. This argument has been developed due to the claim presented in the article that “the introduction of national legislative smoking bans is known to lead to improved population health outcomes through reduced exposure to SHS, yet 78\% of the world’s population were still not protected by comprehensive smoke-free laws in 2018” (2). Reaction Based on the information presented in the article, it has been found that the public is at a high risk of dying from tobacco-related death regardless of whether they use the products or not. Tobacco smoking causes the deaths of both smokers and non-smokers through passive smoke. The number of deaths from passive smoke across the world has been considered to be very high, thus calling for the need of an action to protect people from such deaths. However, even though laws need to be developed to protect the public, people are not supposed to be allowed to smoke within a designated smoking area. Instead, they are supposed to switch to an e-cigarette or use smokeless tobacco. Shimray, Robert Angkang. The effects of a complete ban on smokeless tobacco products in the State of Manipur: a qualitative study. IOSR J Humanit Soc Sci 21 (2016): 1020. Summary Surname 4 Robert Shimray made a great effort to write an article regarding The Effects of Complete Ban of Smokeless Tobacco Products in the State of Manipur: A Qualitative Study. According to this article, Shimray considered all tobacco uses to be harmful to the health condition of people. Though several people have turned from tobacco smoking to the use of smokeless tobacco, the author claimed that there is a need to ban even the possession of smokeless tobacco. However, before recommending the use of smokeless tobacco to be prohibited, the author had to carry out a study to understand where the ban will be associated with any negative impact on the people. In the article, the author indicates that the use of tobacco has been a global challenge since it serves as the leading practice that causes the highest number of preventable deaths. The article indicates that approximately 5.4 million deaths take place every year due to the diseases associated with tobacco use, such as heart diseases and lung cancer, among others. For such deaths to be prevented, smokeless tobacco and tobacco smoking use needs to be banned. Even though several laws and policies have been developed to reduce tobacco-related deaths across the world, some individual countries are making more efforts to eliminate the use of smokeless tobacco. Among several countries that are making efforts to ban tobacco use, India is one of them since the majority of tobacco smokers switched to the use of smokes tobacco after the smokers were prohibited from smoking in public places. However, the efforts to ban the use of smokeless tobacco in the country have led to the emergence of immoral behavior among tobacco users since they consider it is hard to quit from the practice. Banning the use of smokeless tobacco has contributed to the increase of prices among illegal sellers, an increase in the rate of smuggling, as well as poverty among people who consider using the product despite its high costs. List of Statistical Data/Key Ideas/Quotes In the article, Shimray indicates that nearly 5.4 million people die every year from lung cancer, heart diseases and other illnesses attributable to tobacco use (11). Since these statistics stand for the annual use of tobacco, it implies that there is a significant number of deaths that take place within a decade due to the effect of tobacco use. This is an indication that by the end of 2030, the world population will be significantly low due to the death caused by the use of this product. This issue made Shimray conduct a study regarding banning the use of smokeless tobacco but found that it has a significant effect on people in that it has led to a steep rise of price, smuggling and so on (13). Reaction to the Article According to the study by Shimray, it is challenging to ban both the use of smokeless tobacco and tobacco smoking. This is because there is a large number of individuals who are addicted to smoking and are not willing to quit its use. Therefore, such individuals tend to make all efforts available to get access to tobacco. This will force them to engage in smuggling behavior among the sellers leading to an increase in prices of the product. Therefore, rather than banning the use of the product, it is necessary to design specially designated smoking areas to avoid the emergence of some unwanted behaviors such as smuggling. Mahabee-Gittens, E. Melinda, et al. Nicotine on children’s hands: limited protection of smoking bans and initial clinical findings. Tobacco use insights 12 (2019): 1179173X18823493. Summary According to the article on Nicotine on Children’s Hands: Limited Protection of Smoking Bans and Initial Clinical Findings written by Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Ashley Merianos, Surname 5 Eunha Hoh, Penelope Quintana, and George Matt, children are considered to be the most vulnerable population for passive smoke. The authors of this article indicate that children are susceptible to both secondhand and third-hand smoke. In this case, third-hand smoke refers to the persistent residue resulting from secondhand smoke accumulating on surfaces or objects in the form of dust. When an individual smokes tobacco and exhale the smoke, that smoke is considered as a secondhand smoke since it can be inhaled by another individual directly. However, if the smoke first attaches itself to surfaces, it is regarded as third-hand smoke. This smoke can affect any individual who touches such surfaces and then inhales it from his or her body. The article indicates that individuals who live in homes where there are smokers are highly vulnerable to the effect of third-hand smoke. The smoke on various surfaces serves as pollutants among individuals who are exposed to it. After the authors conducted a study regarding the effect of such smoke dust, they found that several children have been affected by it, causing illnesses among them. The majority of the children who were affected by tobacco smoke dust were found to have a high level of nicotine in their hands. The dust also causes several health-related issues such as coughing/congestion, oltagia, wheezing, and difficulties in breathing. Majority of the children who were found to have such condition lives with at least one smoker in their homes. Such children were found to be highly susceptible to asthma if they continue living in such conditions. List of Statistical Data/Key Ideas/Quotes The authors indicated that we reported high levels of nicotine on ill childrens hands and an association with hand nicotine levels and childrens overall tobacco smoke exposure (1). The presence of nicotine residues on the hands of the children indicated that they hand touched it from various surfaces due to their increased level of playing when they are at home. After conducting a thorough investigation, the researchers found that one of the family members who the children lived with was a tobacco smoker. Though most of the smokers did not smoke close to children, the residues from the exhaled smoke attached themselves to various surfaces, ending up on the hands of the children. The authors added that the “children’s medical records were abstracted for tobacco smoke exposure related complaints (i.e., congestion/cough, difficulty breathing, wheezing, otalgia), past medical histories (PMH), and discharge diagnoses (i.e., asthma, bronchiolitis, otitis media)” (2). Reaction on the Article According to the article, people should be restricted from smoking close to children and individuals with an age of 21 years. This is because individuals in this age are considered to belong to the playgroup, and therefore they tend to touch various surfaces as they play. In most cases, after smokers exhaling the smoke, the nicotine residues tend to attach themselves on various surfaces. If children get into contact with such surfaces with their hands and then touch they face, they may inhale the residues, thus interfering with their health conditions. Since the immunity of the people below the age of 21 is considered to be weak compared to those with more than 21 years, their health may significantly deteriorate if they come into contact with third-hand smoke. Semple, Sean, et al. Assessing progress in protecting non-smokers from secondhand smoke. Tobacco Control 28.6 (2019): 692-695. Summary The study on Assessing Progress in Protecting Non-Smokers from Secondhand Smoke was conducted by five authors who include Sean Semple, Will Mueller, Alastair Leyland, Linsay Gray, and john Cherrie. The authors of this article did a study after realizing that non-smokers were vulnerable to the effects of the smoke produced by tobacco smokers. Therefore, they Surname 6 decided to conduct a study to assess how safe non-smokers are, on passive smoke. The authors claim that the level in which people are exposed to secondhand smoke continues to increase regardless of the measures taken to protect non-smokers. Several developed countries have developed smoke-free legislation within the past few decades focusing on protecting workers from secondhand smoke. However, even though people are protected from secondhand smoke in their working areas, individuals who live with tobacco smokers in their homes have been considered to be highly vulnerable to passive smoke. This is because as the legislations were being developed to protect people in their workplaces, no effort was made to protect family members from the smoke exhaled from the smokers at home. This aspect has been evidenced in Scotland, where several people are exposed to secondhand smoke from 1995 up to 2016. The evidence was obtained after the saliva on non-smokers was taken for test after it was lived close to smokers. After the results for the tests were out, it was found that the saliva of the tested non-smokers had a high concentration of salivary cotinine. That evidence that the non- ... Purchase answer to see full attachment