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I have attached the document with 5 discussions and I need to reply to each one of them in 150 word each. APA format Please no copy paste and mention students name above each discussion. And reply as if you are replying to them and not as a third person bhanu_sashi_replies.docx Unformatted Attachment Preview Bhanu OT replies Abhi Yalam - Thursday, May 21, 2020, 4:18 AM Environmental changes acquire a wide range of transformations the matter of an organization. They have to adjust their key plans to stay aware of the changes with respect to new advances, new competitors, and economic blast or breakdown. Organizations ought to decide on a major picture plan to guarantee that all the partners are on the same wavelength in regards to the working out of the vital flexibility. An organization consists of external and internal components – External components incorporate innovation, law, competition, media, governmental issues, and patterns, while the internal components incorporate physical resources of the organization, management, business culture, income, and information and expertise of the workforce. Every one of these factors are prone to change. For instance, the most learned and skilled representatives can choose to leave because of underpayment, new investors may demand a better yield rate, a well known item can become unfashionable short-term, or new laws might be presented in the market. On the off chance that in a steady environment, very little revision is required to the underlying vital plan yet in a tempestuous air, planning is an endless procedure. In the event that the organization doesnt expand in congruence with the key plan anticipated, then it is required to distinguish the issue with the plan. The issues can go from an economic downturn to expanded competition to responsibility for of the most up to date innovation belonging to the competitors. Once the issue is distinguished, plans can be revised in like manner. Organizations may decide on trying harder into expansion or making due with more slow development to locate their own specialty or front line innovation. Once the new plan is settled, the organization can continue with it until the following environmental move. References Zaheer, S., Albert, S., & Zaheer, A. (1999). Time scales and organizational theory. Academy of Management Review, 24(4), 725-741. Eisner, A. B. (2003). The effects of rapid environmental change on competitive strategies: An organizational learning perspective. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 2, 33-48. Sashi ME replies 10 hours ago Ramya Singh Discussion Week 3 COLLAPSE This week we explore the concept of Simple Pricing. The author starts by stating the importance of pricing and how often we neglect its importance. Pricing is a powerful but oft-neglected tool. We all know that Profit = (P -AC) x Q, but many businesses seem to focus on Q or AC and forget about P (Froeb, McCann, Shor and Ward, 2018). We begin by learning the concept of consumer values and demand curves. A demand curve tells you how much consumers will purchase at a given price. the consumer purchases more as price falls, which is called the first law of demand (Froeb, McCann, Shor and Ward, 2018). To simplify, as the price of a product decreases, its demand increases. The chapter then proceeds to explain marginal analysis of pricing. Sellers can raise price and sell fewer units but earn more on each unit sold. Or they can reduce price and sell more but earn less on each unit sold. This trade-off is at the heart of pricing decisions. (Froeb, McCann, Shor and Ward, 2018). If Marginal Revenue is greater than Marginal Cost, the price should be reduced so we can sell more units. If Marginal Cost is greater than the Marginal Revenue, price should be increased to make more revenue per unit. The most interesting concept of this week’s reading was the concept of elastic and inelastic demand. Elasticity is calculated by percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. Price elasticity measures how sensitive demand is to a change in price. A demand curve for which quantity changes more than price is said to be elastic, or sensitive to price; and a demand curve for which quantity changes less than price is said to be inelastic, or insensitive to price. (Froeb, McCann, Shor and Ward, 2018). If the demand is elastic, the price decrease will lead to an increase in revenue. For inelastic demand, if the price increases, the revenue will increase. Hence, we need to try and make the demand for our products more elastic because that lowers the profit maximizing price. Products with multiple substitutes readily available, tend to have more elastic demand. This concept can/must be utilized in selling based decisions. Often the concept of raising the production or number or units produce, or slashing the prices down is not the long-term solution to gaining profit. I work for a manufacturing company that sells robots for automation. We have several product lines which produce different kind of robots; however, we can broadly categorize our robots into two. Atmospheric vs Vacuum. Atmospheric robots are slightly older technology yet sturdy robots and have very limited demand in the industry. However, the limited demand is from customers who absolutely need these robots to continue their operations. Since, the demand is inelastic, we sell these robots at extremely high margins. On the other hand, vacuum robots have multiple types, along with multiple brands and companies that build these. Thus, the robots that are in high demand are often sold at very low margins to our biggest customers, because this is recognized as an elastic demand and the more units we sell, the more revenue we will be making. References: Froeb L, McCann B, Shor M & Ward M (2018) Managerial Economics. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning 19 hours ago Srikar Arvapalli Discussion Board COLLAPSE The issue of pricing the cloud has pulled in much late consideration because of the boundless utilization of cloud computing and cloud administrations. From a hypothetical point of view, a few mechanisms that give solid effectiveness or reasonableness ensures and attractive motivating force properties have been structured. In any case, these mechanisms frequently depend on an inflexible model, with a few parameters waiting be accurately known all together for the certifications to hold. In this paper, we consider a stochastic model and demonstrate that it is conceivable to get great government assistance and revenue ensures with simple mechanisms that dont utilize the data on a portion of these parameters. Specifically, we demonstrate that a system that sets a similar cost for each time step for employments of any length accomplishes in any event half of the government assistance and revenue got by an instrument that can set various prices for occupations of various lengths, and the proportion can be improved on the off chance that we have increasingly explicit information on certain parameters (IAN,A.(2019). Correspondingly, an instrument that sets a similar cost for all servers despite the fact that the servers may get various types of employments can give a sensible government assistance and revenue guess contrasted to a system that is permitted with set various prices for various servers. A firm needs to tailor its pricing strategy to the specific serious setting it faces. We show how a firm can choose a pricing strategy that returns higher expected benefit than other simple pricing techniques for the serious conditions experienced. Simple pricing schemes that are unaware of specific parameters can estimated optimal schemes as for government assistance and revenue, and demonstrate a few outcomes when the simple schemes are limited to selling a similar cost for all servers or all activity lengths. Our outcomes give a clarification of the viability of such schemes by and by. Simple pricing schemes dont expect operators to invest energy and assets to decide their particular parameter values, our outcomes additionally fill in as a contention for utilizing these schemes in a scope of uses. It is important that as the entirety of our outcomes are of most pessimistic scenario nature, we can expect the assurances on government assistance and revenue to be altogether better than these cynical limits in handy cases where the parameters are not adversarially customized (Rafi,M.(2018). References IAN,A.(2019). Simple Pricing Schemes for the Cloud. Retrieved from ,https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.08563.pdf Rafi,M.(2018). The Good-Better-Best Approach to Pricing. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2018/09/the-good-better-best-approach-to-pricing Sashi PTP replies 11 hours ago Ing Teck Wee Reflection 3 COLLAPSE Ing Teck Wee BADM-633-01 Reflection 3 Chapter 7 focuses on project initiation. A project generally having five different phases that are initiating, planning, executing, monitoring & controlling, and closing. Project initiation considers as the first phase in the project management life cycle. Starting a project requires an understanding of the business problem or opportunity then identify the solution method with a proper project team. Besides that, it is required to understand the net present value and return on investment to decide on when and which should the projects to start. In my opinion, this is one of the important chapters on planning the project. Several factors and issues needed to be identified before even start working on it. To succeed, it requires a solid plan and member before we start any process. In my personal experience, choosing team members is an extremely important process for project initiation. You must understand their culture and working attitude to make sure all the works are going to be done nicely and on time. I have experienced some of the projects being delay on their launching time because of the team members. They could not get up to the speed on the project several times because they are not considered it is a priority. If we have well planned on project initiation, we can finish the project perfectly ahead of time. Chapter 8 focuses on project planning. It is the second phase of the project management life cycle. It included documented the project, define the different requirements on the project, and create the project schedule. It is the core of the project to make sure things went smoothly with no issue. Second phase help to manage time., cost, quality, changes, risk, and all the other related issues. To write a project plan, you would have to communicate well with team members, understand their culture, and share your plan with them plus provided a necessary explanation to allow them to have a deeper understanding of the project. It is worth understanding the detail of the project planning. All the products need project planning to run the project smoothly and keep it alive. The reason that I have mentioned keeping it alive is that if I have personal experiences several projects being abandon without proper planning and without the right person to manage it. For example, one of our team members has developed a quality control training system for all the new contractors who joined our team. It an excellent project that allows contractors to fully understand all the job functionality before working independently. However, with him leaving the company and without a proper team to manage this training project, it has been abandoning long ago. This has proven how important a project manager with good project planning is needed for a company. References: Watt, A. (2019). Project Management, 2nd Edition. BCcampus Open Education. 17 hours ago Jerus Jeerapaet Reflection and Discussion Week 3 COLLAPSE Reflection and Discussion Week 3 Define and Describe the Most Important Topics for Week The project initiation and overview of project planning chapters covered several essential topics, but there are two that I found particularly interesting and worthy of understanding. The first topic I think is worth understanding is how a project manager can leverage the weighted decision matrix as a decision-making tool (Watt, 2019). In a world of limited capital and multiple investment options, it is crucial to choose the projects that add the most value to the project sponsor. A weighted decision matrix adds the element of objectivity in a project environment where subjective opinions may impair the decision-makers judgment and lead to wrong investment decisions. The second topic that I think is worthy of understanding is the project charter because of the central role it plays in the achievement of project objectives. The project charter formally authorizes the existence of the project. It provides a reference source for the future, thus provides the necessary clarity to ensure that the project objectives are achieved (Watt, 2019). Personal Reflection A project team, and especially the project manager needs to know precisely what needs to be done and the work that each team member needs to complete to accomplish a project before any position on the project starts. The project team is comprised of various members, so the project manager needs to know exactly what each team member is going to do to meet the objectives of the project. Consequently, having a clear idea about the work that needs to be done is critical for project success because the team can execute the project to specifications, within budget, and a predetermined timeline. Procurement is a vital component of any project, and it can determine whether or not a project team will be successful in achieving set objectives. Proper procurement planning necessitates having a project charter before the implementation phase of the project begins to minimize errors. Using a weighted decision matrix and a project charter, the project manager can easily create a project scope statement outlining the projects deliverables. Additionally, the project manager can identify the constraints and assumptions that the team has made in reaching individual projections as well as the critical success factors. At a bare minimum, a good project scope statement gives a clear definition of the boundaries of the project in question, thus it is critical to have it before the project team plans any procurement. With clearly outlined project boundaries, the project team can more easily procure the resources needed to complete different phases of the project fully aware of exactly what is needed and when. Consequently, the scope planning process must be at the forefront of the project teams efforts to plan and manage the scope of the project. During the scope planning process, the project team embarks on defining the work that must be completed to meet the objectives of the project. The idea of creating a project charter is anchored on the need to have a clear picture of the work needed throughout the project before the implementation phase. After quantifying the objectives of a project, it becomes critical for the project team to identify not only the final project deliverable but also all the intermediate deliverables that the project team must produce during the life of the project. This enables the project leader to plan to ensure that the resources that are needed to achieve all the intermediary deliverables are available to the project team promptly. The deliverables, in this case, include the products and services that the project team is required to give the project sponsor, and ensuring that they are delivered when needed requires vital procurement planning, which can only be achieved through having a project scope statement before planning procurements. Reference Watt, A. (2019). Project Management, 2nd Edition. BCcampus Open Education. ... Purchase answer to see full attachment