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Subject: Information Security and Risk ManagementYour lesson discussed several compliance laws, standards, and best practices (see the Lesson 2 activities, under the Rationale tab). The Department of Health and Human Services (the agency responsible for managing HIPAA compliance among healthcare providers) lists recent breaches at https://ocrportal.hhs.gov/ocr/breach/breach_report... - think of it as their Wall of Shame. Find an article online that discusses a breach or violation of a regulation, such as HIPAA, or of a standard such as PCI-DSS, GLBA, or FERPA. You can also look at Federal Agencies and discuss those that have not had sufficient controls in place (think of the breach that the Office of Personnel Management had). Summarize the article in your own words and address the controls that the organization should have had in place, but didnt, that facilitated the breach. What were the ramifications to the organization and the individuals involved?Do NOT post the article or include word document of your write-up - post only your summary discussion directly and a link to the article. Please follow proper APA style with a minimum of two references. Your initial post must be completed by Wednesday. Remember to respond appropriately to another learner by Sunday for full points. Thanks!Deliverables:Part A: Initial Post should be around 400-500 words (Need to submit in next 24 hrs)Part B: Respond to 2 peers topicsReference:Gibson, Darril. Managing Risk in Information Systems, 2nd edition. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett, 2015
week_3_wk3_risk_pptx.pptx
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Managing Risk in Information
Systems
Lesson 3
Maintaining Compliance
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Learning Objective and Key Concepts
Learning Objective
▪ Identify compliance laws, standards, best practices,
and policies of risk management.
Key Concepts
▪ Compliance laws and regulations
▪ U.S. risk management initiatives
▪ Standards and guidelines used for compliance
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 2
U.S. Compliance Laws
▪ Federal Information Security Management Act
(FISMA)
▪ Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act (HIPAA)
▪ Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)
▪ Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
▪ Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
(FERPA)
▪ Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA)
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 3
U.S. Compliance Laws and their Applicability
Law
FISMA
Applicability
Federal agencies
FERPA
Any organization handling medical
data
Banks, brokerage companies, and
insurance companies
Educational institutions
CIPA
Schools and libraries using
E-Rate discounts
HIPAA
GLBA
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 4
HIPAA Compliance Process
▪ HIPAA covers any
organization that handles
health data
• Medical facilities
• Insurance companies
• Any company with a
health plan if employees
handle health data
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 5
U.S. Compliance Regulatory Agencies
Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC)
Federal Trade
Commission (FTC)
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 6
U.S. Compliance Regulatory Agencies
▪
▪
▪
▪
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
State Attorney General (AG)
U.S. Attorney General (U.S. AG)
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 7
Organizational Policies for Compliance:
Fiduciary Responsibility
▪ Fiduciary
• Refers to a relationship of trust
• Could be a person who is trusted to hold
someone else’s assets
▪ Trusted person has the responsibility to act in the
other person’s best interests and avoid conflicts
of interest
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 8
Organizational Policies for Compliance:
Fiduciary Responsibility (Cont.)
▪ Examples of trust relationships:
• An attorney and a client
• A CEO and a board of directors
• Shareholders and a board of directors
▪ Fiduciary is expected to take extra steps:
• Due diligence
• Due care
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 9
Standards and Guidelines
PCI
DSS
NIST
GAISP
COBIT
ISO
IEC
CMMI
RMF
DoD
ITIL
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 10
PCI DSS Compliance
▪ Created by Payment Card Industry Security
Standards Council
▪ American Express, Discover Financial Services,
JCB International, MasterCard Worldwide, and
Visa Inc.
▪ Modernized by the Security Standards Council
▪ Effort to obstruct and prevent further theft of
personal information
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 11
PCI DSS Standards
▪ Use of personal identification numbers (PIN)
▪ Installation of software used to store, process,
and/or transmit cardholder data
▪ PCI DSS standards serve as PCI DSS goals
▪ Merchants who store, process, and/or transmit
cardholder data must comply
▪ Merchants should establish processes that work
toward PCI DSS goals
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 12
Goals and Process Steps to PCI DSS
Goals
Build and maintain
a secure network
that is PCI
compliant
Process Steps
▪ Install a firewall system
▪ Perform testing when configurations
change
▪ Identify all connections to cardholder
information
▪ Review configuration rules every six
months
▪ Change all default passwords
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 13
Goals and Process Steps to PCI DSS
Goals
Process Steps
Protect
cardholder data
▪ Display the maximum of the first six
and last four digits of the primary
account number
▪ Encrypt all online information
Maintain a
vulnerability
management
program
▪ Install anti-virus software
▪ Install vendor-provided security
patches
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 14
Goals and Process Steps to PCI DSS
Goals
Implement strong
access control
measures
Managing Risk in Information Systems
Process Steps
▪ Limit the accessibility of cardholder
information
▪ Assign an unreadable password
▪ Monitor the physical access to
cardholder data
▪ Maintain a visitor log and save the
log for at least three months
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Page 15
Goals and Process Steps to PCI DSS
Goals
Process Steps
Regularly monitor and test
networks
▪ Use a wireless analyzer to
check for wireless access
points
▪ Scan internal and external
networks
▪ Install software to
recognize any modification
by unauthorized personnel
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 16
Goals and Process Steps to PCI DSS
Goals
Maintain an
information
security policy
Process Steps
▪ Include annual and day-to-day
security procedures and policies to
recognize security breaches
▪ Perform background checks on
potential employees
▪ Educate employees on compliance
regulations
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 17
PCI DSS Process
• Build and maintain a secure
•
•
•
•
•
network that is PCI compliant
Protect cardholder data
Maintain a vulnerability
management program
Implement strong access
control measures
Regularly monitor and test
networks
Maintain an information security
policy
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 18
Seven COBIT Enablers
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 19
ITIL Lifecycle
▪ Phases
• Service Strategy
• Service Design
• Service Transition
• Service Operation
• Continual Service Improvement
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 20
CMMI
▪ Primary areas of interest
• Product and service development
• Service establishment,
management, and delivery
• Product and service acquisition
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 21
Risk Management Framework (RMF) for
Department of Defense Information
Technology (IT)
▪ Government transitioned from DIACAP to RMF for
DoD IT in March 2014
▪ Six steps of RMF:
• Step 1: Categorize system
• Step 2: Select security controls
• Step 3: Implement security controls
• Step 4: Assess security controls
• Step 5: Authorize system
• Step 6: Monitor security controls
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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Page 22
Summary
▪ Defining risk
▪ Balancing risk
▪ Seven domains of a typical IT infrastructure
▪ Addressing confidentiality, integrity, and
availability
▪ Compliance laws and regulations
▪ U.S. risk management initiatives
▪ Standards and guidelines used for compliance
Managing Risk in Information Systems
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