Fluent Essays

The PDF is the textbook of this course, also u need read this book to review the quiz~ screen_shot_2020_05_27_at_19.02.04.png screen_shot_2020_05_14_at_21.53.01.png cs521_homework03.docx the_practice_of_computing_using_python_3rd_edition_by_enbody.pdf Unformatted Attachment Preview CS-521 Homework 3 Instructions • Please read the Assignment Directions below. Assignment Directions Complete the following problems from the textbook: • Chapter 4 Exercises: 4, 30, 44, 47, 52 (pages 236 - 241) • Chapter 2 Exercises: 6, 12, 22 (pages 151 – 154) • Chapter 6 Exercise: 8 (page 307) • Chapter 14 Exercise: 7 (page 684) Chapter 4 Exercises 4. Given a string S with odd length: a. Write an expression to print the middle character. b. Write an expression to print the string up to but not including the middle character (i.e., the first half of the string). c. Write an expression to print the string from the middle character to the end (not including the middle character). 12. Using the find method, write a short program that will print out the index of both ‘o’s when given the input “Who’s on first?”. 44. Write a program that prompts for a sentence and calculates the number of uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits, and punctuation. Output the results neatly formatted and labeled in columns. 47. You are creating a new account and need to provide a password. The password has the following requirements: a. The password must be at least 6 characters and at most 20 characters. b. It must contain at least one lowercase letter, one uppercase letter, and one number. Write a program that prompts the user to input a password and checks if the password is valid. If the password is valid, print a confirmation statement. If it is not, print a statement that the password is not valid. 52. Write a program that prompts the user to enter a three-digit number such that the digits are in order, for example, 123789. The program loops until a correct value is entered. Chapter 2 Exercises 8. Write a “for” loop that will print ‘pbil’ when ‘alphebetical’ is the input. 12. Write a program that counts the number of odd numbers, even numbers, and squares from 2 to 25 (inclusive). 22. Write a program that checks to see if a number N is prime. A simple approach checks all numbers from 2 up to N, but after some point numbers are checked that need not be checked. For example, numbers greater than √𝑁 need not be checked. Write a program that checks for primality and avoids those unnecessary checks. Remember to import the math module. Chapter 6 Exercise 8. Create a test file with a single sentence of 20 words. Read the file, then insert carriage return characters (\n) and write the test to a new text file that will be composed of four lines of five words. Chapter 14 Exercise 7. Suppose that a text file contains student records on each line and each record is of the format: Name of Student, Student Id, GPA. Write code to read the file line by line and store all the records in lists or tuples. Hint: you need to create a list of lists or list of tuples.. Where to submit? Click Assignments in the Navigation Area and then click on the title of the assignment to enter the submission area and upload your response. THE PRACTICE OF COMPUTING USING 3RD EDITION WILLIAM RICHARD PUNCH • ENBODY THIRD EDITION THE PRACTICE OF COMPUTING USING PYTHON William Punch Richard Enbody Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Hoboken Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sa~o Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Vice President, Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia Horton Acquisitions Editor: Matt Goldstein Editorial Assistant: Kristy Alaura Vice President of Marketing: Christy Lesko Director of Field Marketing: Tim Galligan Product Marketing Manager: Bram Van Kempen Field Marketing Manager: Demetrius Hall Marketing Assistant: Jon Bryant Director of Product Management: Erin Gregg Team Lead, Program and Project Management: Scott Disanno Program Manager: Carole Snyder Senior Specialist, Program Planning and Support: Maura Zaldivar-Garcia Cover Designer: Joyce Wells Manager, Rights and Permissions: Rachel Youdelman Project Manager, Rights and Permissions: William Opaluch Inventory Manager: Meredith Maresca Media Project Manager: Dario Wong Full-Service Project Management: Jogender Taneja, iEnerziger Aptara® , Ltd. Composition: iEnerziger Aptara® , Ltd. Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Malloy, Inc. Cover and Insert Printer: Phoenix Color Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Reprinted with permission. microsoft and/or its respective suppliers make no representations about the suitability of the information contained in the documents and related graphics published as part of the services for any purpose. all such documents and related graphics are provided “as is” without warranty of any kind. microsoft and/or its respective suppliers hereby disclaim all warranties and conditions with regard to this information, including all warranties and conditions of merchantability. whether express, implied or statutory, fitness for a particular. purpose, title and non-infringement. in no event shall microsoft and/or its respective suppliers be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract. negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information available from the services. the documents and related graphics contained herein could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors changes are periodically added to the information herein. microsoft and/or its respective suppliers may make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described herein at any time partial screen shots may be viewed in full within the software version specified. microsoft® windows® , and microsoft office® are registered trademarks of the microsoft corporation in the u.s.a and other countries. this book is not sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the microsoft corporation. Cover Photo Credit: Unorobus/Fotolia, Ifong/123RF, Deposit Photos/Glow Images, Onot/Shutterstock, Nataliia Natykach/123RF, Vitezslav Valka/123RF The programs and applications presented in this book have been included for their instructional value. They have been tested with care but are not guaranteed for any particular purpose. The publisher does not offer any warranty or representation, nor does it accept any liabilities with respect to the programs or applications. Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, request forms and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights & Permissions department, please visit www.pearsonhighed.com/permissions/. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data available upon request. Names: Punch, W. F. (William F.), author. | Enbody, Richard J., author. Title: The practice of computing using Python / W.F. Punch and R.J. Enbody, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University. Description: 3rd edition. | Boston : Pearson, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015050451| ISBN 9780134379760 | ISBN 0134379764 Subjects: LCSH: Python (Computer program language) | Computer programming. Classification: LCC QA76.73.P98 P92 2016 | DDC 005/13/3–dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015050451 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-437976-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-437976-0 To our beautiful wives Laurie and Wendy and our kids Zach, Alex, Abby, Carina, and Erik, and our parents. We love you and couldn’t have done this without your love and support. This page intentionally left blank • B R I E F C O N T E N T S VIDEONOTES xxiv PREFACE xxv PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION xxix PART 1 THINKING ABOUT COMPUTING Chapter 0 The Study of Computer Science 3 P A R T 2 S TA RT I N G T O P R O G R A M Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 1 35 Beginnings 37 Control 87 Algorithms and Program Development 161 P A R T 3 D AT A S T R U C T U R E S A N D F U N C T I O N S Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 187 Working with Strings 189 Functions—QuickStart 245 Files and Exceptions I 271 Lists and Tuples 311 More on Functions 395 Dictionaries and Sets 423 More Program Development 483 P A R T 4 C L A S S E S , M A K I N G Y O U R O W N D AT A S T R U C T U R E S AND ALGORITHMS 527 Chapter 11 Introduction to Classes 529 Chapter 12 More on Classes 571 Chapter 13 Program Development with Classes 615 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS PART 5 BEING A BETTER PROGRAMMER Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 APPENDICES 873 Files and Exceptions II 645 Recursion: Another Control Mechanism 687 Other Fun Stuff with Python 709 The End, or Perhaps the Beginning 751 753 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G Appendix H Appendix I INDEX 643 Getting and Using Python 753 Simple Drawing with Turtle Graphics 773 What’s Wrong with My Code? 785 Pylab: A Plotting and Numeric Tool 817 Quick Introduction to Web-based User Interfaces 829 Table of UTF-8 One Byte Encodings 859 Precedence 861 Naming Conventions 863 Check Yourself Solutions 867 • C O N T E N T S VIDEONOTES xxiv PREFACE xxv PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 1.0.1 1.0.2 1.0.3 1.0.4 1.0.5 1.0.6 1.0.7 xxix Data Manipulation xxx Problem Solving and Case Studies xxx Code Examples xxx Interactive Sessions xxxi Exercises and Programming Projects xxxi Self-Test Exercises xxxi Programming Tips xxxi PART 1 THINKING ABOUT COMPUTING Chapter 0 1 The Study of Computer Science 3 0.1 Why Computer Science? 3 0.1.1 Importance of Computer Science 3 0.1.2 Computer Science Around You 4 0.1.3 Computer “Science” 4 0.1.4 Computer Science Through Computer Programming 6 0.2 The Difficulty and Promise of Programming 6 0.2.1 Difficulty 1: Two Things at Once 6 0.2.2 Difficulty 2: What Is a Good Program? 9 0.2.3 The Promise of a Computer Program 10 0.3 Choosing a Computer Language 11 0.3.1 Different Computer Languages 11 0.3.2 Why Python? 11 0.3.3 Is Python the Best Language? 13 0.4 What Is Computation? 13 0.5 What Is a Computer? 13 vii viii CONTENTS 0.5.1 Computation in Nature 14 0.5.2 The Human Computer 17 0.6 The Modern, Electronic Computer 18 0.6.1 It’s the Switch! 18 0.6.2 The Transistor 19 0.7 A High-Level Look at a Modern Computer 24 0.8 Representing Data 26 0.8.1 Binary Data 26 0.8.2 Working with Binary 27 0.8.3 Limits 28 0.8.4 Representing Letters 29 0.8.5 Representing Other Data 30 0.8.6 What Does a Number Represent? 31 0.8.7 How to Talk About Quantities of Data 0.8.8 How Much Data Is That? 32 0.9 Overview of Coming Chapters 34 P A R T 2 S TA RT I N G T O P R O G R A M Chapter 1 35 Beginnings 37 1.1 Practice, Practice, Practice 1.2 QuickStart, the Circumference Program 38 1.2.1 Examining the Code 40 1.3 An Interactive Session 42 1.4 Parts of a Program 43 1.4.1 Modules 43 1.4.2 Statements and Expressions 43 1.4.3 Whitespace 45 1.4.4 Comments 46 1.4.5 Special Python Elements: Tokens 46 1.4.6 Naming Objects 48 1.4.7 Recommendations on Naming 49 1.5 Variables 49 1.5.1 Variable Creation and Assignment 1.6 37 Objects and Types 53 1.6.1 Numbers 55 1.6.2 Other Built-In Types 57 1.6.3 Object Types: Not Variable Types 1.6.4 Constructing New Values 60 50 58 32 CONTENTS 1.7 Operators 61 1.7.1 Integer Operators 61 1.7.2 Floating-Point Operators 64 1.7.3 Mixed Operations 64 1.7.4 Order of Operations and Parentheses 65 1.7.5 Augmented Assignment Operators: A Shortcut! 66 1.8 Your First Module, Math 1.9 Developing an Algorithm 69 1.9.1 New Rule—Testing 73 68 1.10 Visual Vignette: Turtle Graphics 74 1.11 What’s Wrong with My Code? Chapter 2 Control 2.1 75 87 QuickStart Control 87 2.1.1 Selection 87 2.1.2 Booleans for Decisions 89 2.1.3 The if Statement 89 2.1.4 Example: What Lead Is Safe in Basketball? 2.1.5 Repetition 96 2.1.6 Example: Finding Perfect Numbers 100 2.1.7 Example: Classifying Numbers 105 2.2 In-Depth Control 109 2.2.1 True and False: Booleans 109 2.2.2 Boolean Variables 110 2.2.3 Relational Operators 110 2.2.4 Boolean Operators 115 2.2.5 Precedence 116 2.2.6 Boolean Operators Example 117 2.2.7 Another Word on Assignments 120 2.2.8 The Selection Statement for Decisions 122 2.2.9 More on Python Decision Statements 122 2.2.10 Repetition: the while Statement 126 2.2.11 Sentinel Loop 136 2.2.12 Summary of Repetition 136 2.2.13 More on the for Statement 137 2.2.14 Nesting 140 2.2.15 Hailstone Sequence Example 142 2.3 Visual Vignette: Plotting Data with Pylab 143 2.3.1 First Plot and Using a List 144 2.3.2 More Interesting Plot: A Sine Wave 145 92 ix x CONTENTS Chapter 3 2.4 Computer Science Perspectives: Minimal Universal Computing 147 2.4.1 Minimal Universal Computing 147 2.5 What’s Wrong with My Code? Algorithms and Program Development 161 3.1 What Is an Algorithm? 161 3.1.1 Example Algorithms 162 3.2 Algorithm Features 163 3.2.1 Algorithm versus Program 163 3.2.2 Qualities of an Algorithm 165 3.2.3 Can We Really Do All That? 167 3.3 What Is a Program? 167 3.3.1 Readability 167 3.3.2 Robust 171 3.3.3 Correctness 172 3.4 Strategies for Program Design 173 3.4.1 Engage and Commit 173 3.4.2 Understand, Then Visualize 174 3.4.3 Think Before You Program 175 3.4.4 Experiment 175 3.4.5 Simplify 175 3.4.6 Stop and Think 177 3.4.7 Relax: Give Yourself a Break 177 3.5 A Simple Example 177 3.5.1 Build the Skeleton 178 3.5.2 Output 178 3.5.3 Input 179 3.5.4 Doing the Calculation 181 P A R T 3 D AT A S T R U C T U R E S A N D F U N C T I O N S Chapter 4 148 187 Working with Strings 189 4.1 The String Type 190 4.1.1 The Triple-Quote String 190 4.1.2 Nonprinting Characters 191 4.1.3 String Representation 191 4.1.4 Strings as a Sequence 192 4.1.5 More Indexing and Slicing 193 4.1.6 Strings Are Iterable 198 CONTENTS Chapter 5 4.2 String Operations 199 4.2.1 Concatenation (+) and Repetition (*) 199 4.2.2 Determining When + Indicates Addition or Concatenation? 200 4.2.3 Comparison Operators 201 4.2.4 The in Operator 202 4.2.5 String Collections Are Immutable 203 4.3 A Preview of Functions and Methods 205 4.3.1 A String Method 205 4.3.2 Determining Method Names and Method Arguments 208 4.3.3 String Methods 210 4.3.4 String Functions 210 4.4 Formatted Output for Strings 211 4.4.1 Descriptor Codes 212 4.4.2 Width and Alignment Descriptors 213 4.4.3 Floating-Point Precision Descriptor 214 4.5 Control and Strings 215 4.6 Working with Strings 218 4.6.1 Example: Reordering a Person’s Name 4.6.2 Palindromes 220 4.7 More String Formatting 223 4.8 Unicode 226 4.9 A GUI to Check a Palindrome 228 4.10 What’s Wrong with My Code? 232 Functions—QuickStart 218 245 5.1 What Is a Function? 245 5.1.1 Why Have Functions? 246 5.2 Python Functions 247 5.3 Flow of Control with Functions 250 5.3.1 Function Flow in Detail 251 5.3.2 Parameter Passing 251 5.3.3 Another Function Example 253 5.3.4 Function Example: Area of a Triangle 254 5.3.5 Functions Calling Functions 258 5.3.6 When to Use a Function 259 5.3.7 What If There Is No Return Statement? 260 5.3.8 What If There Are Multiple Return Statements? 260 xi xii CONTENTS Chapter 6 5.4 Visual Vignette: Turtle Flag 261 5.5 What’s Wrong with My Code? Files and Exceptions I 271 6.1 What Is a File? 6.2 Accessing Files: Reading Text Files 271 6.2.1 What’s Really Happening? 272 6.3 Accessing Files: Writing Text Files 6.4 Reading and Writing Text Files in a Program 6.5 File Creation and Overwriting 275 6.5.1 Files and Functions Example: Word Puzzle 271 273 6.6 First Cut, Handling Errors 282 6.6.1 Error Names 283 6.6.2 The try-except Construct 283 6.6.3 try-except Flow of Control 284 6.6.4 Exception Example 285 6.7 Example: Counting Poker Hands 288 6.7.1 Program to Count Poker Hands 291 6.8 GUI to Count Poker Hands 299 6.8.1 Count Hands Function 300 6.8.2 The Rest of the GUI Code 302 6.9 Error Check Float Input 274 276 304 6.10 What’s Wrong with My Code? Chapter 7 262 304 Lists and Tuples 311 7.1 What Is a List? 7.2 What You Already Know How To Do With Lists 7.2.1 Indexing and Slicing 314 7.2.2 Operators 315 7.2.3 Functions 317 7.2.4 List Iteration 318 7.3 Lists Are Different than Strings 319 7.3.1 Lists Are Mutable 319 7.3.2 List Methods 320 7.4 Old and New Friends: Split and Other Functions and Methods 325 7.4.1 Split and Multiple Assignment 325 7.4.2 List to String and Back Again, Using join 326 7.4.3 The Sorted Function 327 311 313 CONTENTS 7.5 Working with Some Examples 328 7.5.1 Anagrams 328 7.5.2 Example: File Analysis 334 7.6 Mutable Objects and References 340 7.6.1 Shallow versus Deep Copy 345 7.6.2 Mutable versus Immutable 349 7.7 Tuples 350 7.7.1 Tuples from Lists 352 7.7.2 Why Tuples? 353 7.8 Lists: The Data Structure 353 7.8.1 Example Data Structure 354 7.8.2 Other Example Data Structures 355 7.9 Algorithm Example: U.S. EPA Automobile Mileage Data 7.9.1 CSV Module 365 355 7.10 Visual Vignette: Plotting EPA Data 366 7.11 List Comprehension 368 7.11.1 Comprehensions, Expressions, and the Ternary Operator 370 7.12 Visual Vignette: More Plotting 370 7.12.1 Pylab Arrays 371 7.12.2 Plotting Trigonometric Functions 373 7.13 GUI to Find Anagrams 374 7.13.1 Function Model 374 7.13.2 Controller 375 7.14 What’s Wrong with My Code? Chapter 8 377 More on Functions 395 8.1 Scope 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.2 Default Values and Parameters as Keywords 404 8.2.1 Example: Default Values and Parameter Keywords 405 8.3 Functions as Objects 407 8.3.1 Function Annotations 408 8.3.2 Docstrings 409 395 Arguments, Parameters, and Namespaces 397 Passing Mutable Objects 399 Returning a Complex Object 401 Refactoring evens 403 xiii xiv CONTENTS Chapter 9 8.4 Example: Determining a Final Grade 410 8.4.1 The Data 410 8.4.2 The Design 410 8.4.3 Function: weighted_grade 411 8.4.4 Function: parse_line 411 8.4.5 Function: main 412 8.4.6 Example Use 413 8.5 Pass “by Value” or “by Reference” 413 8.6 What’s Wrong with My Code? 414 Dictionaries and Sets 423 9.1 Dictionaries 423 9.1.1 Dictionary Example 424 9.1.2 Python Dictionaries 425 9.1.3 Dictionary Indexing and Assignment 425 9.1.4 Operators 426 9.1.5 Ordered Dictionaries 431 9.2 Word Count Example 432 9.2.1 Count Words in a String 432 9.2.2 Word Frequency for Gettysburg Address 433 9.2.3 Output and Comments 437 9.3 Periodic Table Example 438 9.3.1 Working with CSV Files 439 9.3.2 Algorithm Overview 441 9.3.3 Functions for Divide and Conquer 441 9.4 Sets 9.4.1 9.4.2 9.4.3 9.4.4 9.4.5 9.5 Set Applications 452 9.5.1 Relationship between Words of Different 452 9.5.2 Output and Comments 456 9.6 Scope: The Full Story 456 9.6.1 Namespaces and Scope 457 9.6.2 Search Rule for Scope 457 9.6.3 Local 457 9.6.4 Global 458 9.6.5 Built-Ins 462 9.6.6 Enclosed 463 445 History 445 What’s in a Set? 445 Python Sets 446 Methods, Operators, and Functions for Python Sets 447 Set Methods 447 CONTENTS 9.7 Using zip to Create Dictionaries 464 9.8 Dictionary and Set Comprehensions 465 9.9 Visual Vignette: Bar Graph of Word Frequency 466 9.9.1 Getting the Data Right 466 9.9.2 Labels and the xticks Command 467 9.9.3 Plotting 467 9.10 GUI to Compare Files 468 9.10.1 Co ... 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