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Hello,I have in need of help with another assignment. It is an essay on how resistance to change can be effectively managed within an organization. I have attached a template for this assignment, the criteria and rubric, and the Unit reading that covers this assignment. unit_9_template.docx unit_9_assignment_criteria.pdf chapter_15.pdf chapter_15_1.pdf chapter_15_2.pdf Unformatted Attachment Preview Running head: UNIT 9 ASSIGNMENT 1 Unit 9 Assignment Student Name UNIT 9 ASSIGNMENT 2 Unit 9 Assignment Introduction Here you will introduce your paper and what you are planning on writing about. Background Analysis Here you will outline the problem. Identification of effective methods to manage change Here you will identify four methods to manage change. Analyze the Situation Here you will describe how you will analyze the situation. Select the Best Option Here you will select the best option and state why you chose it. Conclusion Wrap up your paper here. Please remember that this is a synopsis of your paper and you should not add any additional information. UNIT 9 ASSIGNMENT 3 References AB140: Introduction to Management | Unit 9 Assignment Assignment Details and Rubric The Unit 9 Assignment involves a review of how resistance to change can be effectively managed within an organization. A company’s competitive advantage relies on its ability to quickly adapt to changes in both the internal and external environments. Managers that are adept at guiding the change process will have the ability to shape the organizational strategy overall. However, change is often difficult for individuals, so a keen understanding of techniques available to manage resistance is necessary for any manager. Using the material from Chapter 15 of the text as well as your own independent research, you will develop a plan to manage resistance to change based on the scenario below. Outcomes evaluated through this assignment include AB14003 and PC-2.1. Scenario: Your friends at PG Industries need your help again. In the Unit 6 Discussion, you made recommendations to them about ways to introduce teams to help draft a new training program in the manufacturing department. The program has been rolled out, but senior management is struggling to get buy-in from many long-term employees. This resistance to acceptance and adoption of the new training program is causing division within the department. Assignment Checklist: • • • • • • Review Exhibit 15.6 from your textbook. Based on the information provided in this scenario, draft an essay that addresses what you believe will be the four most effective ways one might manage resistance to change in implementing the new training program. Justify your choice of tactics by explaining how it is most appropriate in this circumstance. Utilize at least two external sources as part of your research. Sources might include your textbook, the additional video content, or another resource found in the university library. Your submission should include a title page, introduction, main body, conclusion (1-2 pages), and a reference list. Assignments are due Tuesday 11:59 p.m. ET of their assigned unit. Once completed, submit your Assignment to the Unit 9 Assignment Dropbox. Assignments are due Tuesday 11:59 p.m. ET of their assigned unit. AB140: Assignment Grading Rubric Item criteria Points Possible Content, Focus, Use of Text, and Research: • Select four most effective methods to manage resistance to change. • Justify choice of each method based on the scenario. • Utilize and reference at least two external sources. 20 Analysis and Critical Thinking: Responses demonstrated critical thinking and analysis and exhibited application of information. 12 Spelling, Grammar, and Format: Clear business writing. Spelling and grammar are acceptable. Formatting follows instructions. All external sources are properly cited and included in reference list. 8 Total Points 40 Points Earned 5/22/2020 1 Deciding to Adopt New Technology 1 DECIDING TO ADOPT NEW TECHNOLOGY LO1 Summarize how to assess technology needs. Decisions about technology and innovation are strategic, and managers need to approach them systematically. In Chapter 5 , we discussed two generic strategies a company can use to position itself in the market:4 . Low cost—The company has an advantage from maintaining a lower cost than its competitors. . Differentiation—The advantage comes from offering a unique good or service for which customers are willing to pay a premium price. For either strategy, managers must assess technology needs, decide whether to adopt a new technology, and if they adopt the technology, determine the best method for developing or acquiring it. In today’s increasingly competitive business environment, correctly assessing the organization’s technology Page 346 needs can fundamentally improve the organization’s effectiveness. Consider the biggest industry sector in the U.S. economy: health care services, where spending has soared to $3 trillion, or just under $10,000 per capita.5 As a result, health care providers are turning to technology to control these escalating costs.6 Kaiser Permanente implemented a new computer system to share patient health data and records across all facilities. The computer technology has saved the health care provider approximately $1 billion by reducing patients’ office visits and laboratory tests.7 Other health care organizations are using telehealth technology to provide long-distance care and education to patients while reducing costs. Telehealth services include connecting health care practitioners with patients via phone calls and video consultations in order to monitor progress and provide psychological support.8 The U.S. Veterans Health Administration provided telehealth services to more than 700,000 patients and https://newconnect.mheducation.com/flow/connect.html 1/5 5/22/2020 1 Deciding to Adopt New Technology reported a savings of $2,000 per capita. The savings stemmed from reduced travel costs, shorter hospital stays, and reduced hospital admissions.9 “If the rate of change on the outside exceeds the rate of change on the inside, the end is near.” —Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric YOUNG MANAGERS Speak Out! “I am encouraged to be creative, innovative, and proactive in my position. Have you thought about the pros and cons? What are they? Move forward with it.” © McGraw-Hill Education —Keisha Heard, Financial Aid Program Coordinator To assess technology needs, managers measure current technologies and look for trends affecting the industry. 1.1 Measuring Current Technologies To assist managers in understanding their current technology base, a technology audit helps clarify the key technologies on which an organization depends. One technique for measuring competitive value sorts technologies into several categories (see Exhibit 15.1 for examples) according to their competitive value:10 Emerging technologies are still under development but may significantly alter the rules of competition in the future. Managers should monitor the development of emerging technologies but may not need to invest in them until they have been more fully developed. Pacing technologies have yet to prove their full value but have the potential to provide a significant advantage that alters the rules of competition. Managers should develop or invest in pacing https://newconnect.mheducation.com/flow/connect.html 2/5 5/22/2020 1 Deciding to Adopt New Technology technologies because of the competitive advantages they can provide. Key technologies have proved effective but offer a strategic advantage because not everyone uses them. Eventually alternatives to key technologies can emerge. But until then, key technologies can give organizations a significant competitive edge and make it harder for new entrants to threaten the organization. Base technologies are commonplace in the industry; everyone must have them. They provide little competitive advantage, but managers have to invest to ensure their organization’s continued competence in the technology. Exhibit 15.1 Four technology categories and example Sources: Adapted from R. E. Oligney and M. I. Economides, “Technology as an Asset,” Hart’s Petroleum Engineer International 71, no. 9 (September 1998), p. 27; The Driverless, Car-Sharing Road Ahead, The Economist, January 9, 2016, www.economist.com; C. MacKechnie, “What Are the Types of Business Techology,” Chron (online), http://smallbusiness.chron.com, accessed on June 15, 2014; and J. Manyika, M. Chul, J. Bughin, R. Dobbs, P. Bisson, and A. Marrs, “Disruptive Technologies: Advances That Will Transform Life, Business, and the Global Economy,” McKinsey & Company Report, May 2013, www.mckinsey.com. Technologies can evolve rapidly through these categories. For example, electronic word processing was an emerging technology in the late 1970s. By the early 1980s, it could have been considered pacing because its cost and capabilities restricted its usefulness to a few applications. With continued improvements and more powerful computer chips, electronic word processing quickly became a key technology. Its costs dropped, its usage spread, and it https://newconnect.mheducation.com/flow/connect.html 3/5 5/22/2020 1 Deciding to Adopt New Technology demonstrated the capacity to enhance productivity. By the late 1980s, it was a base technology in most applications, and now it is used so widely that it is routine in almost every office. Page 347 1.2 Assessing External Technological Trends As with any planning, decisions about technology must balance internal capabilities (strengths and weaknesses) with external opportunities and threats. To understand how technology is changing within an industry, managers can use techniques we introduced in previous chapters: Benchmarking compares the organization’s practices and technologies with those of other companies. Harley-Davidson recovered its reputation for manufacturing quality motorcycles after company executives toured Honda’s plant and witnessed firsthand the relative weaknesses of Harley’s manufacturing technologies and the vast potential for improvement. Competitors understandably are reluctant to share their secrets, but companies may be more willing to share their knowledge if they are not direct competitors and if the exchange of information might benefit both companies. Environmental scanning focuses on what can be done and what is being developed. It emphasizes identifying and monitoring the sources of new technologies for an industry. It also may include reading cutting-edge research journals and attending conferences and seminars. Organizations that operate closer to the cutting edge of technology rely more on scanning. 1.3 Engaging in Disruptive Innovation Measuring current technologies and assessing external technological trends through benchmarking and scanning may not be enough to stay ahead of the innovation curve. Periodically, major technological shifts occur even in relatively stable industries that can dramatically change the competitive landscape. Disruptive innovation refers to a process by which a product, service, or business model takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then moves “up market,” eventually displacing established competitors.11 Some examples of how disruptive innovations have transformed entire industries include the following: online learning is disrupting traditional classroom education; MP3 file technology and digital music platforms like Apple’s iTunes have dramatically changed the music industry; tablets and smartphones are replacing many desktop and laptop computers; smartphones have replaced many stand-alone music devices and cameras; online retailer Amazon revolutionized how people shop and encouraged brick-and-mortar retailers to follow suit; and low-cost airlines like Southwest Airlines have consistently outperformed many traditional hub-and-spoke carriers.12 Within the electronics industry, several disruptive innovations are taking place under the Internet of Things (IoT) concept. By 2020, it is estimated that 21 billion things (e.g., all of our e-devices and everyday objects) will be connected to the Internet.13 Some examples include smart home technology like Nest (acquired by Google in 2014), which connects with several things at one’s home, like Whirlpool dryers and Ford vehicles. When the homeowner drives away, the Nest turns down the temperature in winter or increases it in summer. SmartMat yoga mats help improve your alignment via real-time communication with your smartphone or tablet. UMoove is a tablet-based software that tracks users’ eye movements to measure attention and focus. And Parrot’s smart Pot keeps track of your https://newconnect.mheducation.com/flow/connect.html 4/5 5/22/2020 1 Deciding to Adopt New Technology potted plant’s vitals (temperature, sunlight, moisture, and fertilizer level) and sends wireless alerts when the plant needs care.14 As these transformative shifts occur in industries, many good managers miss the significance of disruptive Page 348 changes because they are more focused on making incremental improvements to their core profitable businesses. This tendency, known as the innovator’s dilemma, poses the following challenge: “How can executives simultaneously do what is right for the near-term health of their established businesses, while focusing on the disruptive technology that ultimately could lead to their downfall?”15 Many organizations seem to be faced with this dilemma—for example, Microsoft (desktop vs. cloud computing), General Motors (internal combustion vs. electric/hybrid), and British Petroleum (conventional oil vs. renewable energy). Organizations and managers that wrestle with and successfully balance these two objectives—to sustain and grow the current core businesses while identifying and investing in high-potential disruptive innovations—will increase their chances of remaining competitive and successful in the long run.16 https://newconnect.mheducation.com/flow/connect.html 5/5 5/22/2020 2 Base Technology Decisions on Relevant Criteria 2 BASE TECHNOLOGY DECISIONS ON RELEVANT CRITERIA LO2 Identify the criteria on which to base technology decisions. After managers have thoroughly analyzed their organization’s current technological position, they can plan how to develop or exploit emerging technologies. These plans must balance many interrelated factors, including the organization’s competitive strategy, the technical abilities of its employees to deal with the new technology, the fit of the technology with the company’s operations, and the company’s ability to deal with the risks and ambiguities of adopting a new technology. All of these considerations jointly influence managers’ decisions about technology innovations. A lack in even one of them can derail an otherwise promising project. Also, as we discuss later in this chapter, decisions go beyond whether to adopt a technology to include changes in the related factors—for example, improving the organization’s capabilities and strategies, hiring or training employees, and changing internal policies and procedures. “I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that don’t work.” —Thomas Edison 2.1 Anticipated Market Receptiveness The first consideration in developing a strategy around technological innovation is market potential. Many innovations are stimulated by external demand for new goods and services. For example, the share of Internet users who use a language other than English has been growing rapidly. This trend, along with the globalization of business, has fueled https://newconnect.mheducation.com/flow/connect.html 1/6 5/22/2020 2 Base Technology Decisions on Relevant Criteria demand for the ability to search the web in different languages. Companies are creating a variety of innovative apps to meet this demand. For example, Google Translate allows travelers to use their smartphone’s camera to translate written text from menus, street signs, and airports in 26 language.17 Babbel and Duolingo helps users learn a new language by teaching them useful words and phrases.18 In assessing market receptiveness, executives need to make two determinations: . In the short run, the new technology should have an immediate, valuable application. . In the long run, the technology must be able to satisfy a market need or needs. For example, when prescribing medicine, physicians view the traditional method of scribbling on a pad and handing the prescription to a patient or nurse as very simple to use. For the physicians to learn to use new technology for that purpose, it must be worthwhile to them. Hospitals that move to electronic management of drug distribution need to roll out entire systems, but those systems let doctors tap into information networks where they can look up drug interactions, side effects, and so on. When doctors see how the system helps them deliver better care and reduce errors, most are quick to embrace the new technology.19 2.2 Technological Feasibility Managers also must consider whether technological innovations are feasible. Technical obstacles may represent barriers to progress. For example, the makers of computer chips face continual hurdles in developing newer and faster models. Since Intel brought the first microprocessor to market in 1971, chip makers have made dramatic advances in computing. The number of transistors on a chip, and its resulting performance, has doubled nearly every 18 to 24 months. But the frontier of microprocessor technology is restricted by the combined forces of physics and economics. The wires that run between transistors are 400 times thinner than a human hair, and the task of continually Page 349 doubling the speed of electrons passing wires of near-zero width is tricky—and may become impossible at some point. To continue boosting processor speed economically, developers have had to be creative, using techniques such as shrinking components and embedding multiple processor cores on one microchip to shorten the distance data must travel between processors.20 For example, Intel recently announced the release of a new 10-core desktop processor, the Core i7-6950X, which will run on the companys X99 platform.21 Other industries face similar technological hurdles. In the sustainable energy industry—such as solar cell and wind turbine production—explosive growth is constrained by the lack of an economical storage system that can make renewable energy available whenever and wherever it is needed.22 In medicine, scientists and doctors work continuously to identify the causes of and cures for diseases such as cancer and AIDS. Automakers’ efforts to develop electric cars have been constrained by the difficulty of designing a battery that can power the long trips Americans love to take. https://newconnect.mheducation.com/flow/connect.html 2/6 5/22/2020 2 Base Technology Decisions on Relevant Criteria ● The da Vinci Surgical System is a robotic surgical system designed to facilitate complex surgery using a minimally invasive approach and is controlled by a surgeon from a console. To date, an estimated 3 million surgeries have been conducted worldwide with the system. © 2016 Intuitive Surgical, Inc. 2.3 Economic Viability Apart from whether a firm can “pull off” a technological innovation, executives must consider whether there is a good financial incentive for doing so. The use of hydrogen-powered fuel cell technology for automobiles is almost feasible technically, but its costs are still too high. Even if those costs were brought down to more acceptable levels, the absence of a supporting infrastructure—such as hydrogen refueling stations—represents another barrier to economic viability. On a more practical level of economic feasibility, new technologies often require long-term commitment of substantial resources. And integrating them effectively in an organization can require a great deal of management time. For these reasons, managers must objectively analyze technology costs versus benefits. Of course technology ... Purchase answer to see full attachment