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I will attach below my essay and the directions for the paper. Please answer the questions below when giving me feedback.Write it in a letter format as the guidelines ask screen_shot_2020_05_22_at_6.16.35_pm.png mmw13_a3.pdf Unformatted Attachment Preview Jessica Sabbagh MMW 13, Section A17 Emre Sunu 22 May 2020 Assignment 3 Role of Women in the Reconstruction of the Black Legend Black legend is a Spanish term implemented with the intent of providing an overview of the unfavorable image of Spaniards and Spain from which they are being accused of their intolerance and cruelty among the work of historians, Protestants, and non-Spanish. Primarily, the black legend is associated with great criticism around the 16th century and ant-protestant policies which had been established by King Philip 11. The development of black legend was associated with Julián Juderías who has been considered to have participated greatly in the reconstruction era (​Cesc Esteve, 2020). Pg. 92. ​The black legend was generally alleged with historical facts which comprised of anti-Catholic and anti-Spanish propaganda. This had been researched to be involved in attempting to demonize Spanish empires along with its culture and people leading to minimal chances of Spanish achievement and discoveries. Generally, the black legend has been reflected to contribute negatively to the existence of the people in the nation something which contributed to chaos among the people. The Christianity policy was considered as being powerful and desired to convert all Spanish into its ways but the Spanish government did not support the issue hence leading to anti-Spanish and anti-Catholic propaganda (​Alexander Samson, 2020). Pg. 57. ​The researchers 2 have indicated that the introduction of black legend has contributed to anti-Hispanic biases hence the destruction of the cultural and historical perspective of the Spanish. Due to this propaganda, other countries got a chance in gaining support from Native American especially those who were not willing to support policies associated with Christianity. During the reconstruction process in the British literature, different people have been involved in enhancing development which has been considered as being a great argument in terms of superiority portrayed during this time. The debate was raised and the outcome was that the black legend had contributed to bigoted, cruel, and exploitative nations especially in consideration of the historical tradition and culture. Thesis Although the various arguments have been established which considers women as being inferior, the paper provides an assertion that women have been witnessed to critically participate in their respective artwork during the reconstruction process. This is because they have been evident to be involved in the overall conversation between Christianity policies (​Alexander Samson, 2020). Pg. 57. ​This is attributed to the motive that the anti-Christianity was against rules established in the Spanish government and aimed to convert people into Christianity. The paper asserts that women have demonstrated reconstruction issues associated with the Spanish hence leading to great reorganization. Further, even after reconstruction, the role of women was evident to persist hence acting positively for the better living among the people (​Abdullah, 2020). ​In some other cases, the role of the women was evident through being involved in demonstration of inhuman acts that had been incurred in the Spanish nation hence considered to participate positively in the reconstruction era. Majorly the overall discussion is aimed at defining various roles of women during reconstruction in black legend. 3 Introduction Significantly, the leyenda negra gathered all accusation which had been established against Spanish which articulated European in advancing from middle ages and entering into the new world around the 16th century. Initially, the term had been established by Julián Juderías along with other authors which were associated with its further development. During this particular time, it was evident that Spanish had been faced by collective inferiority and internal problems due to loss of remnant associated with its empire, lack of strategies in dealing with the enemies who had invented their empire. This is because of the Christian policies aimed at the converting of all people into adapting to the Christian way something which should not be supported by the government. Initially, Julián Juderías had been working in the Spanish embassy particularly in Russia after which he noticed the effective spread of the ant-Russian propaganda mostly in England, France, and Germany. In this case, he had developed a great interest in the determination of various consequences which would be incurred at the outcome (​Iris Engstrand, 2000). Pg. 13. ​In his work, he described the counterpart of the Spanish empire and later described the occurrence of black legend as being associated with negative influence regarding the culture and history of the Spanish. In his work he described that the Spanish were affected by cruelty hence was more in terms of hindrance in the achievement of the government objectives. In this case, the nation could not effectively get involved in ensuring that the citizens had been satisfied. Even after his death, there was more development of black legend regarding its negativities to the nation which was the role undertaken by his fellow authors. In consideration of this, the overall research is aimed at providing an overview of how portrayal women were involved in the reconstruction in the British conference. This is attributed 4 to the motive that earlier on it had been noted that women had been considered as being inferior hence could not effectively be involved in the process of enhancing reconstruction. Various evidence has been highlighted as key strategies that had been incorporated by the women during reconstruction and outcome from their work. In this case, the Spanish had been faced by conflict from the anti-Christian policies. It has been evident that women had been involved in providing evidence of some issues relating to inhuman actions which had been incurred in the nation (​Tabahi, 2020). ​This was one of the strategies which could result in a reduction of overall negativities being incurred in the Spanish as the nations. Therefore the paper is aimed at providing a counter-argument that had earlier been established concerning inferiority associated with women. Besides, it will highlight various evidence that proves that, women greatly participated in ensuring success in reconstruction. Therefore the general question which regards to be answered is the determination of the role associated with portrayal women during reconstruction in black legend in the 16th century. Evidence of counter-argument The counter-argument which had been established regarding the womens responsibility in reconstruction is that many historians have been considering women as being inferior hence do not necessarily involve in leadership states (​Iris Engstrand, 2000). Pg. 13. This has been evident by the upsurge in number of men leading in the Spanish empire hence not considering females as being important. Generally, different sectors in reconstruction had been related with the males hence making females as being unable to participate in reconstruction process. This led to great tension and most of the females had no chance in expressing their power. 5 This counter-argument regarding the women was considered to be associated with various merits hence leading to the success of the nation. This is attributed to the reason that men could work effectively hence ensuring that the objectives and goals of the nation had been enhanced and achieved. This was evident through collaborative operation whereby, the could discuss various issues that could be implemented in the essence of ensuring that there has been a success in terms of the decision which had to be implemented regarding great issue associated with the ant-Christian policy. Generally, it had been researched that the main event associated with a black legend in Spanish was due to tension for Christianity which aimed at ensuring that the other individuals had converted to their beliefs and practices (​Cesc Esteve, 2020). Pg. 92. Therefore in the essence of ensuring that there was overall achievement of this goal, consideration of inferiority and superiority helped in encouraging men to get involved in decision making. This motivated them as being recognized in the nation hence they could work by all means in ensuring that there was an effective outcome. Despite these advantages, the counter-argument had been faced by various flaws. This includes the following. The leadership did not consider the provision of an opportunity to all members of the nation something which led to a great problem as the females felt that they should be provided with leadership opportunity. This was considered as the establishment of the roles in the nation in consideration to gender basis hence could be evident to result in a downfall. Generally, the constitution state that the nation can be led by any individual hence it is the responsibility of every government agency to ensure that there was the involvement of all members in the reconstruction. Generally, people had resulted in cruelty, and destruction was the most challenging issue due to the increase in issues related to inferiority. In some cases, it has 6 been evident some women have the capability in performing even better when compared to men (​Tabahi, 2020). ​Despite this general understanding, the government was not willing to ensure that women had been involved. Furthermore, in cases when the women could be willing to get involved in the process of enhancing reconstruction, she could not do it hence leading to great problems. In general, it is worth recommending that the main negativities associated with this counter-argument is that it led to the consideration of gender in the distribution of gender. This led to the hindrance of a potential individual who could work effectively leading to a better outcome. Rebuttal evidence Generally, this section aims to oppose the initial understanding in consideration of the inferiority associated with women. This is attributed to the motive that it was initially thought that the women did not participate effectively in the black legend reconstruction during the British literature. Therefore this section will provide evidence of various activities through which women had been involved in hence leading to their recognition (​Tabahi, 2020). ​Generally it gives an evidence that despite that the women had not been recognized in the reconstruction, it was later discovered that there was a great boost in terms of the aid from the females. This generally comprises of the following; Women played a great role in portraying inhuman activities that had been incurred during this period. This was considered as being important as it helped in the provision of an overview of the negativities which have been associated with the ant-Christian and ant-Spanish propaganda. The nation has been associated with cruelty and inferiority (​Benjamin Keen, 2015). Pg. 705. These factors were effectively presented by the women which helped in ensuring that every 7 individual had been involved in the reconstruction process. In general, the women considered the issue of the black legend to be associated with a drawback since the government could not effectively protect itself from enemies’ attacks hence leading to the problem. Therefore they implied different strategies and actions in the essence of portraying the negative part of not considering human dignity. This helped in making the leaders in the nation in undertaking a considerate action in being involved in reconstruction. The research had indicated that despite that the women had been considered as being inferior, their work played a considerable part in ensuring that the reconstruction process had been successful (​Tabahi, 2020). ​Therefore most of the activities involved by the women were to ensure that there was peace in the nation hence opening up a chance for effective reconstruction. During reconstruction, it was evident that some of the women leaders greatly fought for the recognition of other women as being important in the reconstruction process. This was established in the sense that the nation should aim at ensuring that there has been the creation of the place for the women in the leadership. This was a motion that had been established by Sarah Dudley who witnessed that there was only creation of a place for the men in the nation and hence the womens action had not to be created. This led to her to rise great issue and complained that all citizens’ needs to be treated as being equal especially in the process of leadership in the nation. This was to rebut the initial belief associated with the people that the women were only capable of undertaking home chores and hence could not effectively be involved in the process of the reconstruction. During these periods it was established that Sarah had played a great role in posing an encouragement to the government leaders in the determination of strategies that regard to be implemented for a better outcome (​Abdullah, 2020). ​Generally, the main work of 8 Sarah Dudley was to ensure that every individual had been given a chance in participating collaboratively in the reconstruction. Therefore, the responsibility of the women can be considered as being associated with the role played by Sarah Dudley in ensuring that the leaders had been encouraged and also ensuring recognition of every individual as being important. The other way through which women had been involved in reconstruction is through being involved in leadership. After the creation of the “place” for the women in government, some of the women leaders get a chance to be involved in the process of decision making regarding the actions which regard to be implemented in the essence of preventing the issue which had been incurred in the nation. It has been researched the women, in this case, played a great role in ensuring peace especially during negotiation between the Spanish empire and Christianity (​Benjamin Keen, 2015). Pg. 705. This was to ensure that there has been the establishment of the effective decision on the actions which should be undertaken with a prime goal of ensuring that the ant-Christian policies had been prevented. This is because their invention in Spanish had been considered to be associated with a negative influence in the nation. Therefore the creation of an effective environment for negotiation helped in the determination of how to curb the problem Conclusion Based on the overall research study, it has been found that women had greatly been involved in the reconstruction process. Their overall roles have been evident in the process of campaigning for effective consideration of human dignity. This would be important since it helped in the presentation of a cruel state that had been faced by the people. In most cases, the actions which had been perfected by the people had been considered as being inhuman something which had to 9 be advertised. The research has been important in today’s world since it helps in the presentation of how the issue of inferiority may contribute to the failure of the nation. This is due to reason that women had greatly been involved in reconstruction in the British during black legend. Their role has been researched as being important which triggers the importance of recognizing every individual when it comes to the issue of leadership. Finally, it has been recommended that further research study needs to be established in the determination of the role of women resulting in effective reconstruction during British literature. 10 Reference Abdullah, M. A. S. (2020). Reconstructing Personal Identity and Creating an Alternative National History: Magical Realism and the Marginalized Female Voice in Gioconda Belli’s The Inhabited Woman. In ​The Palgrave Handbook of Magical Realism in the Twenty-First Century​ (pp. 281-296). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Alexander Samson., (2020). Being Spanish in the Early Modern World. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/j.ctvvh86ft.5.pdf?ab_segments=0\%252Fbasic_search\%2 52Fcontrol&refreqid=excelsior\%3A35863445fef535f3ce3c8dac7816ff4b Benjamin Keen, (2015). The Black Legend Revisited: Assumptions and Realities. Retrieved from: ​https://sci-hub.tw/10.2307/2511162 Cesc Esteve, (2020). The Chronicler’s Background Historical Discourse and National Identity in Early Modern Spain. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/j.ctv8pzcpr.7.pdf?ab_segments=0\%252Fbasic_search\%252Fcon trol&refreqid=excelsior\%3Ab327d8377fb94333cad42d3ef751d991 Iris H. W. Engstrand, (2000). How Cruel Were the Spaniards? Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25163377?seq=1 Tabahi, S. (2020). The Construction and Reconstruction of Sexuality in the Arab World: An Examination of Sexual Discourse, Women’s Writing and Reproductive Justice. ​Sexuality & Culture​, 1-18. ... Purchase answer to see full attachment