Fluent Essays

Review the attached assignment to review the guidelines for successfully completing this writing assignment.I also attached a sample paper of how the final product should be, and the textbook that we are using for the class for some term references (If needed).Note: this is my final assignment and my professor checks for details so please do it to your best of knowledge. Thank you relationshipanalysispaper_assignment.pdf relationship_paper_sample.pdf adler___interplay__the_process_of_interpersonal_communication_14th_edition_c2018_txtbk_1_.pdf Unformatted Attachment Preview COMM 120 Relationship Analysis Paper Due date: 1/23/20 in class or on Canvas by 11:00 p.m. 40 points The relationship analysis paper is an interpersonal communication exercise designed to help you realize the importance of your communication style and various influences on your relationships. Purpose:  To apply interpersonal communication theories and concepts to your life  To increase your awareness of how you influence and are influenced by others Procedure:  You must choose a person (friend, colleague, partner etc.) and meet FACE-TO-FACE with them at least two times for at least 30 minutes each meeting. This should be a time when you are alone with the person and can talk with them. Watching a movie is not the same as having a conversation.  The purpose of each meeting is to talk. But be aware of what occurs as you talk. Heighten your awareness and sensitivity—use all your perceptions.  After each meeting, write down your observations and reactions from the meetings. You should note your perceptions of the meeting as well as communication principles that were evident.  Concepts and terms from the textbook must be used when writing your paper. If you incorporate additional sources, they need to be cited on works cited page. Use the textbook as your source for paper and provide works cited page in MLA style. Outcome: The outcome of this activity is a critical analysis of the relationship. It should be 3-4 pages in length. The paper must be typed, with standard 1-inch margins, 12-point font, and must be double-spaced with works cited page. The format for the paper: I. Introduction The introduction gives an overview of the paper. You should state what kind of relationship you have with that person (friend or intimate) and where and when the meetings took place. This is the main material for the analysis of the relationship with that person. Be sure to include elements from the transactional communication model (e.g. physical / internal context, message formation, noise etc.). Describe the relationship and where and when the meetings took place. A. Meeting 1 B. Meeting 2 II. Analysis This is the body of the paper. You analyze the relationship based on your observations and past experiences with that person. You can compare and contrast the episodes to highlight specific aspects of the relationship (e.g. nonverbal communication, style of conversation, verbal communication etc.). Show how these concepts relate to each other and explain how these concepts shape the relationship. Support your claims with specific examples from your meetings and use research from the textbook. What would you like to improve about the relationship? III. Evaluation Summarize your thoughts and feelings by describing the health of this relationship and your role in shaping/changing its future. Relationship Analysis Paper I. Introduction The relationship I have with Barry is an intimate relationship and will be analyzed based on self-disclose, exchange theory, and listening skills. Both meetings took place at his house in the evening. Our relationship is intimate because we share our deepest emotions with one another. Also, the depth of self-disclosure is at a level where we openly share ideas and feelings that we did not previously know about one another. Finally, the Exchange Theory states that whether or not the relationship will maintain depends on rewards perceived and we amazingly do so on a daily bases. We achieve this level of commitment to the relationship by engaging in active listening skills that involve questions and paraphrasing. A. Meeting 1 Barry and I exchange rewards that are valued by one another during almost all of our interactions. During the first episode, we were sitting at his dining room table having a nice, quiet dinner. The mood was calm and casual, as it usually always is when we are together. Nothing out of the ordinary occurred during this time. I had no expectations during this conversation, as I did not want to anticipate something that inevitably was not going to occur. During dinner, he refrained from asking any inappropriate questions that might not be polite or potentially embarrassing for him or me; however, we are at an intimate level in our friendship where we are very open and have a level of open communication that we both highly understand and (…) B. Meeting 2 (…) My body orientation was natural and the breath and depth of information shared consisted of work, school, and politics, and our relationship. The main conversation topic was, of course, our emotions for one another and how we first met based on where we are now and how much growth has aspired over one year. (…) 1 II. Analysis The major theories from the text that described these two episodes are some of which seem very obvious. The first major theory is the Exchange Theory. The Exchange Theory states that relationships can be understood in terms of the exchange of rewards and costs that take place during the interactions of the individuals. An example of this in my relationship analysis is when I reap the rewards of Barry’s good judgment and kindness when we are talking about virtually any topic, but more importantly, him refraining from asking me anything inappropriate. Also, an example of a ‘cost’ may be when Barry or I take time from our weekend plans with family or friends and drive 60 miles to meet. The ‘cost’ being the time and miles spent driving, along with gas and food, and the ‘reward’ obviously being able to enjoy each other’s company. Also, I noticed that the level of disclosure in our relationship seems to grow and expand the more that we have personal conversations. The formality and turn-taking that takes place in our conversations is also one that exceeds all expectations. Allowing to speak honestly and still accept feedback and listening to occur is a major advantage in a relationship, whether it is an intimate or with an acquaintance. (…) Another important aspect of our relationship is self-disclosure and feedback, which are key elements in building and maintaining relationships. Self-disclosure is simply what we, consciously or subconsciously, choose to reveal about ourselves to others and feedback is the response to that self-disclosure. A good way to organize the amount of self-disclosure and feedback in a relationship is by putting it into a grid known as the Johari Window. The Johari Window in an intimate relationship consists of an enlarged open area with reduced hidden and blind area. The open area, or the level of self-disclosure and received feedback, is much bigger than the blind area in the relationship. During the first and second personal episodes alike, there were verbal messages of self-disclosure on my part, and also 2 feedback from other communicator. If we were to use a Johari Window to organize those episodes, it would consist of my level of self-disclosure equaling the feedback I was receiving. Feedback in the form of verbal messages is necessary to reduce the blind frame in the Johari Window and heighten my level of self-awareness. By the way that he was providing feedback, it was evident that we had a mutual sharing of ideas and emotions. Another way I could interpret this was by nonverbal messages such as facial expressions and paralanguage. Throughout the entire first episode, he was talking at normal volume with pitch modulation to emphasize key aspects of conversation. Also, every time he spoke, he would look me in the eyes. (…) Another aspect of this relationship analyzed are hearing and listening skills. Hearing is an activity that occurs when sound waves hit your eardrums. On the contrary, listening is a skill that takes place when you receive a message and decode meaning and respond to a spoken or nonverbal message appropriately and accurately. With these two characteristics working together in a positive and correct way, along with turn-taking skills, any conversation, including mine, will be much more rewarding and meaningful. I was aware that Barry had great listening skills during our episodes, and long before that, and used his examples and ideas to my advantage by gaining more knowledge in understanding others. In addition, mentally attending, as well as physically attending, is another important characteristic I noticed in my analysis of both episodes. With attending comes understanding. (…) Finally, the relationship is “intimate” because of emotions, intellectual sharing, and shared activities. The last topic left to analyze in this relationship interaction is respect and trust. I trust Barry with a high level of confidence that I hold much higher than anyone else. (…) 3 III. Evaluation In conclusion, the relationship I analyzed with Barry is an intimate one. The Exchange Theory summarizes our relationship based on the rewards and costs we both seek from one another. Overall, what I analyzed was a relationship with a great deal of happiness and healthy interactions between two people because of the appropriate level of self-disclosure for that relationship. Appropriate listening skills help to optimize the exchange of messages and enhance the relationship. (…) I feel as though this learning experience will always play a role is shaping many relationships that I currently have with people and will change how I perceive future relationships as well. 4 Interplay Interplay The Process of Interpersonal Communication FOURTEENTH EDITION Ronald B. Adler Santa Barbara City College Lawrence B. Rosenfeld The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Russell F. Proctor II Northern Kentucky University New York • Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © 2018, 2015, 2013, 2010, 2007, 2004, 2001 by Oxford University Press For titles covered by Section 112 of the US Higher Education Opportunity Act, please visit www.oup.com/us/he for the latest ­ ­information about pricing and alternate formats. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Adler, Ronald B. (Ronald Brian), 1946– author. | Rosenfeld, Lawrence B., author. | Proctor, Russell F., author. Title: Interplay: the process of interpersonal communication / Ronald B. Adler, Santa Barbara City College, Lawrence B. Rosenfeld, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Russell F. Proctor II, Northern Kentucky University. Description: Fourteenth edition. | New York, NY: Oxford University Press, [2018] Identifiers: LCCN 2017031955 | ISBN 9780190646257 (pbk.) | ISBN 9780190646264 (pbk.) Subjects: LCSH: Interpersonal communication. Classification: LCC BF637.C45 A33 2018 | DDC 302.2—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017031955 987654321 Printed by LSC Communications, United States of America Brief Contents Preface PART PART PART 1 2 3 xv FOUNDATIONS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION 1 Interpersonal Process 3 2 Culture and Interpersonal Communication 37 3 Interpersonal Communication and the Self 4 Perceiving Others 69 103 CREATING AND RESPONDING TO MESSAGES 5 Language 135 6 Nonverbal Communication 7 Listening: Receiving and Responding 195 8 Emotions 227 165 DIMENSIONS OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 9 Dynamics of Interpersonal Relationships 259 10 Communication in Close Relationships: Friends, Family, and Romantic Partners 291 11 Managing Conflict 323 12 Communication Climate Glossary G-1 References R-1 Credits C-1 Author Index AI-1 Subject Index SI-1 353 Contents Preface xv PART 1 FOUNDATIONS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION 1 Interpersonal Process 3 Why We Communicate 4 Physical Needs 5 Identity Needs 6 Social Needs 7 Practical Needs 8 FEATURES MEDIA CLIP: Solitude and Connection: Wild 6 DARK SIDE OF COMMUNICATION: Loneliness and the Internet: A Delicate Balance 7 AT WORK: Communication and Career Advancement 9 FOCUS ON RESEARCH: Tweeting: The Channel Affects the Message 12 MEDIA CLIP: Pathologically Competent: House of Cards 22 ASSESSING YOUR COMMUNICATION: Your Use of Social Media 24 FOCUS ON RESEARCH: ­Sidestepping Permanence: The Attraction of Snapchat 27 WATCH AND DISCUSS: “Men Read Mean Tweets to Female Sports Reporters” 31 2 The Communication Process 9 Early Models of Communication 9 Insights from the Transactional Communication Model Communication Principles 13 The Nature of Interpersonal Communication 15 Communication Misconceptions 17 Communication Competence 19 Principles of Communication Competence 19 Characteristics of Competent Communication 21 Social Media and Interpersonal Communication Characteristics of Social Media 23 Social Media and Relational Quality 28 Communicating Competently with Social Media CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING KEY TERMS 34 ACTIVITIES 34 29 33 Culture and Interpersonal Communication 37 Culture and Communication 38 Culture and Co-Culture 38 Intercultural Communication vi 10 40 23 CO N T EN T S MEDIA CLIP: Embracing Tradition and Change: Meet the Patels 39 Interpersonal and Intercultural Dimensions of Communication 42 Intercultural Differences as Generalizations 43 MEDIA CLIP: Straddling Cultures: ­black-ish 49 Cultural Values and Norms FEATURES DARK SIDE OF COMMUNICATION: When “Harmless” Labels Do Harm 50 AT WORK: Organizations Are Cultures 55 FOCUS ON RESEARCH: Saying “I’m Sorry” in Japanese and English: ­Different Codes 58 ASSESSING YOUR COMMUNICATION: What Is Your Intercultural Communication Competence? 60 WATCH AND DISCUSS: “Momondo: The DNA Journey” 62 FOCUS ON RESEARCH: Living in Another Culture: Adapting and Adopting 63 43 High Versus Low Context 43 Individualism Versus Collectivism 44 Power Distance 46 Uncertainty Avoidance 47 Achievement Versus Nurturing 48 Co-Cultures and Communication 48 Race and Ethnicity 48 Gender Identity/Sexual Orientation 50 Age/Generation 51 (Dis)abilities 52 Socioeconomic Status 53 Codes and Culture 54 Verbal Codes 54 Nonverbal Codes 58 Developing Intercultural Communication Competence 59 Motivation and Attitude 60 Tolerance for Ambiguity 61 Open-Mindedness 61 Knowledge and Skill 62 Patience and Perseverance 63 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 64 KEY TERMS 65 ACTIVITIES 3 66 Interpersonal Communication and the Self 69 Communication and the Self-Concept 70 How the Self-Concept Develops 71 Characteristics of the Self-Concept 73 The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy and Communication 76 vii viii CONTENTS FEATURES Presenting the Self FOCUS ON RESEARCH: Does Instagram = #Instasad? 73 Public and Private Selves 78 Characteristics of Impression Management 79 Face-to-Face Impression Management 80 Impression Management in Social Media 80 Impression Management and Honesty 83 WATCH AND DISCUSS: “Dove Evolution Commercial” 74 MEDIA CLIP: Reflecting Years of ­Appraisal: This Is Us 75 AT WORK: Impression Management in the Workplace 81 MEDIA CLIP: The Promise and Perils of Online Relationships: Catfish: The TV Show 82 DARK SIDE OF COMMUNICATION: Talking Frankly About STDs 90 ASSESSING YOUR COMMUNICATION: Online and Offline Self-Disclosure 93 77 Disclosing the Self 84 Self-Disclosure Factors 85 Models of Self-Disclosure 86 Benefits and Risks of Self-Disclosure 88 Guidelines for Self-Disclosure 91 Alternatives to Self-Disclosure 93 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 98 KEY TERMS 99 ACTIVITIES 100 4 Perceiving Others 103 The Perception Process 104 Reality Is Constructed 104 Steps in the Perception Process 106 FEATURES FOCUS ON RESEARCH: Online Channels Affect Perception 108 WATCH AND DISCUSS: “All That We Share” 110 AT WORK: Sexual Harassment and Perception 115 MEDIA CLIP: Master of Perception: Sherlock 118 FOCUS ON RESEARCH: Hurtful Communication: A Matter of Perception 122 DARK SIDE OF COMMUNICATION: Distorting Perception: The Gaslight Effect 126 MEDIA CLIP: Gaining Empathy: ­Undercover Boss 128 ASSESSING YOUR COMMUNICATION: Your Empathy Quotient 129 Influences on Perception 110 Access to Information 110 Physiological Influences 110 Psychological Influences 112 Social Influences 113 Cultural Influences 117 Common Tendencies in Perception 118 We Make Snap Judgments 119 We Cling to First Impressions 120 We Judge Ourselves More Charitably Than We Do Others 121 We Are Influenced by Our Expectations 122 We Are Influenced by the Obvious 123 We Assume Others Are Like Us 123 Synchronizing Our Perceptions 124 Perception Checking 124 Building Empathy 126 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 130 KEY TERMS 131 ACTIVITIES 131 CO N T EN T S PART 2 ix CREATING AND RESPONDING TO MESSAGES 5 Language 135 The Nature of Language 136 Language Is Symbolic 136 Language Is Rule-Governed 137 Language Is Subjective 139 Language and Worldview 139 FEATURES MEDIA CLIP: Invented Languages: Game of Thrones 137 FOCUS ON RESEARCH: The Negative Consequences of Fat Talk 141 AT WORK: Swearing on the Job 144 DARK SIDE OF COMMUNICATION: Sorry, Not Sorry 145 ASSESSING YOUR COMMUNICATION: Sexist Language 146 The Impact of Language 141 Naming and Identity 141 Affiliation 142 Power and Politeness 143 Sexism and Racism 145 Precision and Vagueness 148 The Language of Responsibility 152 Gender and Language 156 WATCH AND DISCUSS: “Vague Facebook Posts—Congressional Hearings” 149 Extent of Gender Differences 156 Non-Gender Influences on Language Use 158 MEDIA CLIP: Damning with Faint Praise: Florence Foster Jenkins 151 Social Media and Language FOCUS ON RESEARCH: The Language of Online Community 159 158 Online Language and Impression Management 158 Online Language and Gender 160 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 161 KEY TERMS 162 ACTIVITIES 6 162 Nonverbal Communication 165 Nonverbal Communication Defined 166 Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication 167 FEATURES FOCUS ON RESEARCH: The Power of Periods. In Texting. 171 ASSESSING YOUR COMMUNICATION: Nonverbal Immediacy Behaviors 174 WATCH AND DISCUSS: “Body Language” 175 MEDIA CLIP: A Life of Deception: The Americans 176 MEDIA CLIP: In a Different Voice: Speechless 179 Nonverbal Communication Is Always Occurring 167 Nonverbal Communication Is Primarily Relational 168 Nonverbal Communication Is Ambiguous 169 Nonverbal Communication Occurs in Mediated Messages 170 Nonverbal Communication Is Influenced by Culture and Gender 170 Functions of Nonverbal Communication Creating and Maintaining Relationships 172 Regulating Interaction 173 Influencing Others 175 Influencing Ourselves 175 172 x CONTENTS FOCUS ON RESEARCH: Nonverbal Imitation: The Sincerest Form of Flattery 180 Concealing/Deceiving 175 Managing Impressions 177 AT WORK: Let Your Voice Be Heard 183 Types of Nonverbal Communication DARK SIDE OF COMMUNICATION: The Inequality of “Lookism” 188 Body Movement 178 Touch 181 Voice 182 Distance 184 Territoriality 187 Time 187 Physical Attractiveness 188 Clothing 189 Physical Environment 189 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 178 190 KEY TERMS 191 ACTIVITIES 7 192 Listening: Receiving and Responding 195 The Nature of Listening 196 The Importance of Listenin ... 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