Fluent Essays

You need to finish multiple choice work and also homework 4.The reading is the resources that you need to use.The excel may helpful to finish homework4 multiple_choice.docx homework__4_the_marine_oxygen_isotope_record__1_.docx marine_o_isotope_record.xlsx reading.docx Unformatted Attachment Preview 1.Identify the following that is not correct regarding Alley Ch. 9. Group of answer choicesa. a.positive feedbacks in the climate system generally occur over much shorter time scales than negative feedbacks. b. historic climate warming is occurring at a faster pace than any climate change in the geologic record c. small pushes or perturbations to the climate system often result in big jumps d. geologically we are currently in an Ice Age e. all of the following are correct 2. Alley Ch. 10 is mostly about orbital variations in the Earth’s orbit and the growth and decay of ice sheets. Identify the following statement that is not correct. Group of answer choicesa. a. we can use the isotopic composition of ‘bug’ shells to infer ice volume on Earth b. ocean records found three main periodicities of ice sheet growth and decay c. small changes in sunshine over 100,000 years caused big changes in the size of ice sheets d. large changes in sunshine over shorter periods have causes smaller changes in ice sheets e. all of the above are correct 3. CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere are high during interglacials (~280 ppm) and low during glacial periods (down to ~180 ppm). We do not know all of the causes for this. Which of the following was not identified as a factor by Alley in Ch. 11? Group of answer choicesa. a. cold water holds more CO2 than warm water b. winds were strong during glacial periods and brought more nutrients to the oceans c. nutrients from the land were able to more readily make it to the oceans when sea level was lower d. there were more trees during glacial periods that stored more carbon e. all of the above are correct 4. Alley Ch. 12. The Younger Dryas (YD) event from ~12,800-11,500 years ago is the most recent example of a typical millennial-scale climate change event that exemplifies the flickering-switch nature of the climate system. Identify the following that is not correct regarding the Younger Dryas event. Group of answer choicesa. a.the end of the YD was characterized by a 15 degree F increase in temperature b. the warming at the end of the YD occurred in a decade or less time c. the end of the YD was characterized by decreased storminess in Greenland d. the YD influenced broad areas of the Earth simultaneously 5. Alley Ch. 12. The Younger Dryas (YD) event is the most recent ‘Heinrich event’. Heinrich events have which of the following characteristics? Group of answer choicesa. a. they cause cold, dry conditions over most of the Northern Hemisphere b. they are associated with cold waters in the North Atlantic and numerous icebergs c. they seem to be related to ice sheet dynamics and melting surges related to trapping of heat from the underlying bedrock d. most of the above e. all of the above 6. The following questions are from the lecture on climate archives. Magnesium (Mg) can substitute for calcium (Ca) in the mineral calcite. What does it mean if there are higher concentrations of Mg in the calcite? Group of answer choicesa. a. lower salinity b. higher precipitation c. lower temperatures d. higher temperatures 7. If you found a series of beds of fossil leaves that transitioned from mostly smoothedged leaves in the older beds to jagged leaves in the younger rocks, how did climate change? Group of answer choicesa. a. climate got colder b. climate got warmer c. climate got wetter d. climate got drier 8. What type of paleoclimatic proxy uses pollen and plant macrofossils in arid to semiarid environments? Group of answer choicesa. a. lake deposits b. wetland deposits c. packrat middens d. loess deposits 9. These deposits were able to reconstruct one of the longest, high-resolution record of climate change from land. Group of answer choicesa. a. Lake Bonneville lake deposits b. Greenland ice core c. Chinese loess plateau d. Lake Tanganyika lake deposits 10. Which of the following deposits do not have annual resolution? Group of answer choicesa. a. ice cores b. tree rings c. corals d. glacial deposits Homework #4 Marine Oxygen isotope record (15 points) Over the last 60 years or so climate change scientist from around the world have been drilling ocean sediment cores to develop a long-term (tectonic-scale) record of climate change on Earth. Although numerous proxies have been analyzed from these cores (dust, fossil assemblages, ice-rafter debris, etc.) oxygen isotopes of marine foraminifera that make the shells out of calcium carbonate are one of the main records of climate change. It has taken hundreds of millions of dollars to acquire this record and calibrate the data, and now you get to interpret it! There are several factors that influence the oxygen isotopic value of marine foraminifera, but there are two main variables; temperature and ice volume. As temperature decreases, more of the heavier isotope of oxygen (18O) is incorporated into the calcite and the oxygen isotope value (reported as 18O per mil). This relationship is not perfectly linear, but it is about 0.2 per mil per 1°C. Therefore a 1 per mil increase in the oxygen isotope value of marine foraminifera would equal an almost 5°C decrease in temperature if there were no ice sheets on Earth. If there are ice sheets on Earth, this influences the relationship because large ice sheets have high amounts of 16O in them (because precipitation at high latitudes and high elevation have less 18O) and this actually changes the oxygen isotope value of ocean water. If there are ice sheets on Earth, about half of the 18O value change in marine foraminifera is the result of temperature and half is the result of changes in ice volume. So, a 1 per mil increase in the oxygen isotope value of marine foraminifera would represent a 2.5°C decrease in temperature. Analysis (8 points) Open up the MS EXCEL spreadsheet associated with this homework. Make a scatter plot with a smooth line where you are plotting age on the x axis and oxygen isotope value (d18O per mil) on the y axis. Please watch the tutorial of graphing in EXCEL if you have not made many graphs in Excel before! Then do the following: • • • • • Reverse the order of values on the y axis and have the y axis go from -2 to 6 with axis labels every 1 per mil. Have the x axis intercept the y axis at 6 Have the x axis go from 0 to 70 Ma with axis labels every 10 Ma Change both axis labels to 12 point font Do not include a title or axis labels (you will do this later) Now, copy and paste this graph into powerpoint. • • • Make the graph larger so that it occupies much of the slide, but there is still room for the title and labels Add a title at the top (Marine Oxygen Isotope Record), and a x axis label (Age (Ma) and a y axis label (oxygen isotope value) On the right side of the graph add the label ‘Temperature’ and have ‘higher’ at the top and ‘lower’ at the bottom • • Now add vertical dark lines to separate the age boundaries between the geologic epochs that cover this time frame (Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene) and add labels for these geologic epochs in your graph Label these major climatic events on your graph o PETM (Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum) - a short period at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary…..you will see the spike in oxygen isotope values o Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (~54-48 Ma) o Oligocene 1 glaciation (about 1 million years at beginning of Oligocene) o Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum (centered at ~15 Ma Whew! Ok that’s it for plotting and labeling the data. Now print this beautiful figure as a pdf file. Interpretation (7 points) Now the exciting part! You get to interpret the master record of climate change on Earth since the dinosaurs went extinct. Here I want you to 1) identify the major trends in climate over the last 65 million years and 2) quantify changes in temperature using the relationships I described between temperature, ice volume, and oxygen isotopes. Assume that there were no ice sheets before the Oligocene 1 glaciation and that there have been ice sheets on Earth since the Oligocene 1 glaciation. This will take probably two to three solid paragraphs to describe these trends and quantify the temperature changes. Make sure to include the total change in temperature from the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum until today. Good luck and please let me know if you have any questions? SITE*** Age (Ma) 607 0 849 0 607 0,002 659 0,002 607 0,004 659 0,004 849 0,004 607 0,0059 659 0,006 806 0,007 659 0,008 849 0,008 659 0,01 806 0,01 607 0,0118 806 0,012 849 0,012 659 0,013 806 0,015 849 0,016 607 0,0179 659 0,018 659 0,018 806 0,018 659 0,02 849 0,02 607 0,0214 806 0,023 659 0,024 849 0,024 607 0,026 659 0,027 806 0,028 849 0,028 659 0,03 607 0,0305 849 0,032 659 0,033 806 0,033 607 0,0335 849 0,036 607 0,0361 806 0,037 607 0,0388 659 0,04 849 0,04 Genus CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB d18O 3,28 3,58 3,16 2,91 3,33 3,16 3,58 3,66 3,23 2,97 3,23 3,71 3,2 3,11 4,35 3,65 4,34 3,47 4,32 4,72 5,07 4,82 5,05 4,7 4,97 4,71 4,99 4,42 4,93 4,62 4,82 4,77 4,46 4,59 4,3 4,65 4,52 4,54 4,28 4,8 4,48 4,67 4,18 4,59 4,35 4,57 659 806 607 849 607 806 659 849 607 659 607 659 806 849 607 607 659 849 607 806 849 607 806 659 806 849 607 659 849 659 607 806 849 607 659 849 607 607 659 806 849 607 806 849 607 806 849 0,041 0,042 0,0423 0,044 0,0457 0,047 0,048 0,048 0,0486 0,05 0,0507 0,052 0,052 0,052 0,0529 0,055 0,055 0,056 0,0569 0,057 0,06 0,0607 0,061 0,064 0,064 0,064 0,0645 0,065 0,068 0,069 0,0705 0,072 0,072 0,0741 0,076 0,076 0,077 0,0799 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,0829 0,083 0,084 0,086 0,087 0,088 CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB 4,38 4,2 4,53 4,58 4,45 4,27 4,13 4,48 4,58 4,43 4,45 4,42 3,93 4,46 4,19 4,23 4,03 4,47 4,55 3,85 4,54 4,66 4,19 4,35 4,19 4,53 4,37 4,76 4,39 4,13 3,96 3,96 4,2 3,99 4,15 4,14 3,89 3,77 3,61 3,51 4,05 4,04 3,69 3,9 4,29 3,87 3,84 659 607 659 806 849 607 659 806 849 607 659 806 849 607 659 659 806 849 607 849 659 806 607 849 659 659 806 607 849 659 607 806 659 849 607 659 849 607 659 806 607 849 659 607 849 806 659 0,089 0,0894 0,09 0,091 0,092 0,0929 0,095 0,095 0,096 0,0967 0,098 0,099 0,1 0,1004 0,101 0,104 0,104 0,104 0,1062 0,108 0,109 0,109 0,112 0,112 0,113 0,114 0,114 0,1155 0,116 0,118 0,1188 0,119 0,12 0,12 0,1216 0,122 0,124 0,1244 0,126 0,126 0,1269 0,128 0,131 0,1312 0,132 0,133 0,135 CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB 3,92 4,07 4,25 3,61 3,9 4,02 3,68 3,42 3,95 3,81 3,72 3,74 3,89 3,62 3,85 3,54 3,47 3,8 3,97 3,76 3,85 3,81 4 3,68 3,87 3,28 3,45 3,69 3,43 4,25 3,62 2,72 3,22 3,25 3,19 2,69 3,3 3,05 2,79 4,4 3,84 3,78 3,69 4,64 4,43 4,5 4,99 659 849 659 607 659 849 659 806 659 659 849 607 806 607 659 849 607 659 607 806 607 849 659 607 806 849 659 607 849 607 659 806 607 849 607 806 659 607 849 607 659 806 607 849 607 659 806 0,136 0,136 0,137 0,14 0,14 0,14 0,141 0,141 0,143 0,144 0,144 0,1447 0,145 0,1466 0,148 0,148 0,1482 0,149 0,1498 0,151 0,152 0,152 0,153 0,1548 0,156 0,156 0,157 0,1575 0,16 0,1602 0,161 0,161 0,163 0,164 0,1655 0,166 0,167 0,1676 0,168 0,1698 0,171 0,171 0,172 0,172 0,1741 0,176 0,176 CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB 4,96 4,77 4,52 4,89 4,58 4,79 4,8 4,55 4,55 4,56 4,74 4,93 4,29 4,97 4,68 4,65 4,83 5,07 4,74 4,3 4,58 4,58 4,78 4,59 4,06 4,63 4,5 4,6 4,62 4,38 4,77 4,33 4,35 4,43 4,3 4,19 4,53 4,36 4,27 4,5 4,11 4,03 4,42 4,25 4,52 4,2 4,11 849 607 849 607 806 659 849 659 806 607 849 659 806 659 849 607 659 806 607 849 607 806 607 659 849 806 607 849 659 607 607 849 607 849 659 849 607 659 607 659 806 849 659 607 806 849 659 0,176 0,1763 0,18 0,1808 0,181 0,183 0,184 0,186 0,186 0,1873 0,188 0,189 0,19 0,191 0,192 0,1938 0,194 0,195 0,1955 0,196 0,1969 0,199 0,1996 0,2 0,2 0,202 0,2024 0,204 0,205 0,2051 0,2079 0,208 0,2115 0,212 0,214 0,216 0,2161 0,217 0,219 0,22 0,22 0,22 0,222 0,2223 0,224 0,224 0,225 CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB 4,29 4,61 4,34 4,33 4,14 4,5 4,27 4,44 3,94 4,06 4,04 3,62 3,43 3,95 3,84 3,73 2,87 3,43 3,48 3,71 3,69 3,39 3,8 3,4 3,7 3,2 3,63 3,78 3,38 3,55 3,56 3,74 3,61 3,67 3,41 3,79 3,53 3,56 3,56 3,58 3,96 3,98 4,2 4,67 4,15 4,08 4,72 607 806 849 607 659 806 849 607 659 607 806 849 659 607 806 849 607 607 659 806 849 607 607 659 806 849 607 607 659 806 849 607 659 607 806 849 607 806 607 659 849 607 607 806 659 849 607 0,2256 0,228 0,228 0,2289 0,229 0,232 0,232 0,2321 0,235 0,2354 0,236 0,236 0,238 0,2387 0,24 0,24 0,242 0,2427 0,243 0,244 0,244 0,2451 0,2473 0,248 0,248 0,248 0,2493 0,2515 0,252 0,252 0,252 0,2535 0,255 0,2557 0,256 0,256 0,2576 0,259 0,2599 0,26 0,26 0,2619 0,2627 0,263 0,264 0,264 0,2651 CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB 4,33 4,14 4,15 3,99 4,01 3,35 4,09 4,28 4,4 3,64 3,42 3,91 3,63 3,45 3,18 3,76 3,4 3,91 3,64 4,02 3,96 4,4 4,7 4,36 4,37 4,25 4,7 4,64 4,57 4,31 4,31 4,44 4,67 4,38 4,2 4,33 4,47 4,25 4,12 4,41 4,36 4,39 3,55 4,16 4,8 4,38 4,14 659 607 806 849 607 659 659 849 607 806 607 659 849 607 806 849 607 659 806 849 659 607 849 806 659 849 607 659 806 849 607 659 659 849 607 659 849 659 607 659 849 607 659 849 607 659 849 0,266 0,2669 0,267 0,268 0,2697 0,27 0,272 0,272 0,2724 0,273 0,2752 0,276 0,276 0,2779 0,278 0,28 0,2825 0,283 0,284 0,284 0,287 0,2872 0,288 0,29 0,291 0,292 0,294 0,294 0,296 0,296 0,2965 0,299 0,3 0,3 0,3018 0,303 0,304 0,305 0,3059 0,308 0,308 0,3105 0,312 0,312 0,3152 0,316 0,316 CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB 4,62 4,43 4,29 4,44 4,29 4,44 4,61 4,44 4,03 3,92 3,86 4,43 4,31 3,85 3,61 4,08 3,99 4,1 3,58 3,95 3,73 4,22 3,96 3,47 3,83 4,08 4,25 4,35 4,04 4,09 4,19 4,61 4,41 4,08 3,9 4,35 4,09 3,83 3,88 3,67 3,94 3,57 3,29 3,75 3,51 4,04 3,74 806 607 659 849 659 849 607 806 659 849 607 659 849 806 607 659 849 607 806 849 607 659 659 806 849 607 659 607 849 659 806 607 849 659 806 607 659 659 806 849 607 659 659 806 849 607 659 0,318 0,3199 0,32 0,32 0,322 0,324 0,3245 0,325 0,327 0,328 0,3292 0,331 0,332 0,333 0,3338 0,335 0,336 0,3387 0,34 0,34 0,3405 0,341 0,343 0,344 0,344 0,3442 0,346 0,347 0,348 0,349 0,349 0,3503 0,352 0,353 0,353 0,3536 0,355 0,356 0,356 0,356 0,3569 0,357 0,36 0,36 0,36 0,3602 0,362 CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB 3,6 3,09 4,18 3,7 3,25 3,56 2,93 3,05 3,58 3,39 3,24 3,29 3,41 3,31 3,53 3,82 3,77 3,81 4,07 4,24 4,77 4,53 4,85 3,64 4,56 4,52 4,79 4,4 4,6 4,49 4,14 4,71 4,45 4,79 4,33 4,37 4,25 4,72 4,23 4,4 4,12 4,61 4,1 4,11 4,34 4,44 4,35 806 849 607 659 659 806 607 659 849 607 607 806 849 607 659 849 607 806 607 849 659 607 806 849 607 849 659 806 607 849 607 806 849 607 607 659 607 849 607 806 607 607 849 607 659 607 806 0,363 0,364 0,365 0,365 0,366 0,366 0,3668 0,368 0,368 0,3685 0,3716 0,372 0,372 0,3733 0,375 0,376 0,3771 0,378 0,3799 0,38 0,382 0,3832 0,384 0,384 0,3865 0,388 0,389 0,389 0,3898 0,392 0,3931 0,395 0,396 0,3964 0,3979 0,398 0,3987 0,4 0,4009 0,401 0,4016 0,4033 0,404 0,4046 0,405 0,406 0,406 CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB 3,88 4,21 4,39 4,09 4,46 4,07 4,39 3,93 4,12 4,27 4,34 4,03 4,08 4,22 4,14 4,05 4,25 4,03 4,2 4,02 3,99 3,96 3,92 4,02 3,88 3,97 3,85 3,48 3,78 3,84 3,74 3,54 3,41 3,56 3,41 3,66 3,29 3,19 3,04 3,24 2,81 3,18 3,15 3,33 2,89 3,67 3,14 607 849 607 659 659 607 806 849 607 659 849 607 607 806 659 607 806 849 659 806 849 806 659 607 806 849 659 806 607 659 849 607 659 806 849 607 659 849 806 607 659 849 806 607 659 849 806 0,4075 0,408 0,4089 0,41 0,41 0,4106 0,412 0,412 0,4125 0,413 0,416 0,4162 0,4179 0,418 0,419 0,4198 0,42 0,42 0,423 0,423 0,424 0,425 0,426 0,4271 0,428 0,428 0,43 0,431 0,4312 0,432 0,432 0,4344 0,436 0,436 0,436 0,438 0,44 0,44 0,441 0,4417 0,444 0,444 0,445 0,4453 0,447 0,448 0,45 CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB 3,64 3,25 3,63 3,34 3,34 3,81 3,1 3,35 4,77 3,24 3,45 4,74 4,82 3,03 3,87 4,96 4,46 3,55 3,47 3,62 4,13 3,73 4,88 4,7 4,65 4,79 4,56 4,67 4,45 5,18 4,86 4,76 5,21 4,57 4,9 4,68 5,05 4,89 4,27 4,69 4,83 4,71 4,43 4,63 4,8 4,56 4,25 659 849 607 806 607 659 849 607 806 849 659 607 806 849 607 607 659 849 607 806 659 659 849 607 806 659 607 849 806 607 659 849 659 659 659 806 849 607 659 659 659 806 849 659 607 806 849 0,452 0,452 0,4526 0,454 0,4545 0,455 0,456 0,4577 0,46 0,46 0,461 0,4613 0,464 0,464 0,4645 0,465 0,467 0,468 0,4686 0,469 0,471 0,471 0,472 0,4722 0,474 0,475 0,4759 0,476 0,478 0,4795 0,48 0,48 0,481 0,482 0,483 0,483 0,484 0,4849 0,485 0,485 0,487 0,488 0,488 0,49 0,4913 0,492 0,492 CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB 5,01 4,58 4,27 4,11 3,91 4,81 4,61 4,03 4,15 4,54 4,77 4,37 4,2 4,46 4,43 4,2 4,38 4,33 3,99 4,61 4,67 4,92 4,22 3,76 4,14 3,85 3,52 4,2 4,02 3,83 4,41 4,11 4,32 3,92 3,95 3,63 3,84 3,79 3,86 4,12 3,77 3,28 3,71 3,45 3,97 3,57 3,63 659 659 849 806 607 659 849 659 806 659 849 659 607 806 659 849 659 806 849 659 806 849 607 659 849 806 659 849 806 659 849 607 659 806 849 659 806 849 659 849 806 607 849 659 806 849 659 0,493 0,495 0,496 0,497 0,4973 0,498 0,5 0,501 0,502 0,503 0,504 0,505 0,5057 0,506 0,508 0,508 0,511 0,511 0,512 0,513 0,516 0,516 0,5168 0,517 0,52 0,521 0,523 0,524 0,525 0,526 0,528 0,5295 0,53 0,531 0,532 0,535 0,536 0,536 0,54 0,54 0,541 0,5422 0,544 0,545 0,545 0,548 0,549 CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB 3,95 3,54 3,66 3,64 4,24 3,7 3,79 3,89 3,75 3,92 3,9 4,11 4,58 3,64 3,93 3,95 4,19 3,98 4,02 4,18 3,89 4,18 4,53 4,18 4,15 3,75 3,98 4,06 3,7 3,86 4,04 4,53 3,86 3,92 4,2 4,19 3,77 4,27 4,45 4,28 4,33 4,28 4,4 4,7 4,18 4,39 4,68 806 849 659 806 607 849 659 806 849 806 849 659 806 607 849 607 659 806 849 607 659 806 849 806 806 607 806 849 607 607 806 849 607 659 806 849 607 607 607 806 849 607 607 659 659 659 659 0,55 0,552 0,554 0,554 0,5549 0,556 0,558 0,558 0,56 0,562 0,564 0,565 0,567 0,5676 0,568 0,5707 0,571 0,571 0,572 0,5735 0,574 0,575 0,576 0,577 0,578 0,579 0,58 0,58 0,5805 0,5821 0,583 0,584 0,5846 0,585 0,587 0,588 0,5883 0,5898 0,5915 0,592 0,592 0,593 0,5954 0,596 0,596 0,596 0,596 CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB CIB 4,29 4,28 4,82 4,06 4,25 4,26 4,47 3,99 4,15 3,83 4,06 4,31 3,6 3,71 3,92 3,73 3,92 3,58 3,75 3,84 3,69 3,59 3,5 3,11 3,32 4,06 3,8 3,58 3,73 3,66 4,13 3,86 3, ... 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