Fluent Essays

Answer the following discussion board questions in DEPTH and DETAILS and use reliable updated resources and references:1. After reading the commission report on children in disasters, choose the most difficult topic to solve and identify why. 2. Having read the Commission report, describe the unique aspects that must be considered when doing emergency planning and response for children. Remember to search resources beyond this paper and list those references.Notes:***APA sitation style***Use only updated resources***Use Additional Resources and Implement Your Thoughts into the discussion national_commission_on_children_and_disasters._2010_report_to_the_president_and_congress.pdf Unformatted Attachment Preview AHRQ Publication No. 10-M037 October 2010 ISBN No: 978-1-58763-401-7 ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS 2010 REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS OCTOBER 2010 2010 REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality www.ahrq.gov Advancing Excellence in Health Care NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS NATIONAL COMMISSION NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS 2010 REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS OCTOBER 2010 The 2010 Report to the President and Congress was produced with funding from the National Commission on Children and Disasters. The report was prepared under an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) contract to Abt Associates (Contract No. 290-06-00011-10). The opinions expressed in this report are those of the National Commission on Children and Disasters and do not reflect the official position of AHRQ, the Administration for Children and Families, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. This document is in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without permission except those copyrighted materials noted for which further reproduction is prohibited without the specific permission of copyright holders. Suggested Citation National Commission on Children and Disasters. 2010 Report to the President and Congress. AHRQ Publication No. 10-M037. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. October 2010. ii NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS: 2010 REPORT Foreword Mr. President and Members of Congress: The National Commission on Children and Disasters is pleased to submit for your consideration our 2010 Report to the President and Congress. The Commission is an independent, bipartisan body established by Congress and the President to identify gaps in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery for children and make recommendations to close the gaps. As required under the Kids in Disasters Wellbeing, Safety, and Health Act of 2007, the Commission delivered an Interim Report to you on October 14, 2009. This 2010 Report to the President and Congress builds on our previous findings and recommendations. One year ago, the Commission offered a sobering assessment of the national state of disaster and emergency preparedness for children. As expected, we found serious deficiencies in each functional area, where children were more often an afterthought than a priority. For the past year, we have worked extensively with the Administration, Congress, and nonFederal partners to close these gaps by focusing existing programs and capabilities more intently on children. A number of recommendations in the Interim Report were implemented. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) created an intra-agency working group to serve as a focal point for policy on children and disasters that has been actively addressing issues raised by the Commission. More recently, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) created its own intra-agency working group that began meeting in May of this year. The Commission has been a driving force in fostering stronger inter-agency collaboration among FEMA, HHS, the Department of Education, and the Department of Justice to address the disaster needs of children. Important progress was made to provide a safer environment and age-appropriate supplies for children in mass care shelters, and we achieved a heightened recognition of child care as an essential disaster service in the community. Despite signs of progress and cooperation, our work is far from finished. Disasters are inevitable and growing in frequency. In the two years since the Commission’s inception, our Nation has witnessed severe disasters: devastating 100-year floods in the Midwest, a major earthquake and tsunami in American Samoa, the public health emergency caused by the H1N1 influenza pandemic, the cataclysmic earthquake in Haiti, and the unprecedented oil disaster in the Gulf of Mexico. On a smaller but nevertheless important scale, communities around the Nation face emergencies every day. NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS: 2010 REPORT iii Each new disaster presents distinct challenges. However, we can anticipate the needs of children and, therefore, we can and must prepare to meet those needs. The capability of systems to meet the needs of children in times of disaster will remain inadequate until we as a Nation first achieve an optimal level of emergency readiness for children on a daily basis. Children represent nearly 25 percent of our population. Consider that on any given weekday, 67 million children are in schools and child care, a time when children are most vulnerable because they are away from their families. Yet, only a handful of States require basic school evacuation and family reunification plans. In addition, just 25 percent of emergency medical services (EMS) agencies and 6 percent of hospital emergency departments have the supplies and equipment to treat children. The Strategic National Stockpile, intended to provide the public with medicine and medical supplies in the event of a public health emergency, is woefully under-stocked with medical countermeasures for children. This already fragile state of readiness deteriorates quickly when disaster strikes. Programs and practices for managing disasters are fragmented and unaccountable to children; instead they are designed primarily to help able-bodied adults. Children are categorized as an “atrisk,” “special needs,” or “vulnerable” population, a well-intended consideration that inadvertently creates a perverse benign neglect of children, in which they receive less attention in disaster planning and management rather than more. We do not suggest that our Nation is completely unprepared for assisting children affected by disaster. Existing capabilities can and should be built on to integrate children into preparedness, planning, response, and recovery. In our final analysis, meeting the needs of children in disaster planning and management is a national responsibility lacking not only sufficient funding, but also a pervasive concern, a sustained will to act, and a unifying force. The Commission respectfully calls on the President to develop and present to Congress a National Strategy on Children and Disasters. Under the imprimatur of the President, the strategy would sound an unequivocal call to action for Federal, State, territorial, tribal, and local levels of government; private sector industry; non-governmental agencies; faith-based partners; academia; communities; families; and individuals to engage one another around a cohesive set of meaningful national goals and priorities to remedy the years of benign neglect of children. iv NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS: 2010 REPORT We recognize the unprecedented challenges facing all levels of government and their nongovernmental partners. In these difficult times, however, sufficient attention and resources must be dedicated to safeguarding our Nation’s 74 million children before, during, and after disaster, a goal the Commission believes it shares with most Americans. We present the 2010 Report to the President and Congress having made a careful, conscious effort to provide recommendations that are practical and achievable and can make a lasting difference. We are grateful for the opportunity to contribute to such a challenging and important endeavor. Respectfully submitted, Honorable Mark K. Shriver, MPA Chairperson Michael R. Anderson, M.D., FAAP Vice Chairperson Ernest “Ernie” E. Allen, J.D. Graydon “Gregg” Lord, MS, NREMT-P Merry Carlson, MPP Irwin Redlener, M.D., FAAP Honorable Sheila Leslie David J. Schonfeld, M.D., FAAP Bruce A. Lockwood, CEM Lawrence E. Tan, J.D., NREMT-P NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS: 2010 REPORT v Contents Abbreviations .........................................................................................................................................1 Background............................................................................................................................................5 Executive Summary ..............................................................................................................................7 1. Disaster Management and Recovery..........................................................................................17 2. Mental Health .................................................................................................................................31 3. Child Physical Health and Trauma ............................................................................................45 4. Emergency Medical Services and Pediatric Transport ..........................................................63 5. Disaster Case Management ..........................................................................................................73 6. Child Care and Early Education.................................................................................................79 7. Elementary and Secondary Education ......................................................................................89 8. Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice ..........................................................................................101 9. Sheltering Standards, Services, and Supplies .........................................................................111 10. Housing ........................................................................................................................................117 11. Evacuation ...................................................................................................................................125 Appendixes .........................................................................................................................................135 Appendix A. Study Approach .....................................................................................................138 Appendix B. Index to Recommendations and Responsible Entities .........................................140 Appendix C. Model Executive Order or Resolution Creating a “Cabinet on Children and Disasters and Children and Disasters Advisory Council”...................................................158 Appendix D. Children and Disasters: the Role of State and Local Governments in Protecting This Vulnerable Population .......................................................................................161 Appendix E. Standards and Indicators for Disaster Shelter Care for Children .........................163 Appendix F. Supplies for Infants and Toddlers in Mass Care Shelters and Emergency Congregate Care Facilities.......................................................................................166 Appendix G. Subcommittee Members and Other Contributors ................................................172 Appendix H. Stakeholder Outreach ............................................................................................177 Appendix I. Commissioner Biographies.....................................................................................181 Appendix J. Commission and Project Staff................................................................................185 NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS: 2010 REPORT vii Abbreviations ACF Administration for Children and Families (HHS) AHPP Alternative Housing Pilot Program (FEMA) AHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (HHS) ALS Advanced Life Support ANSI American National Standards Institute ARC American Red Cross ASPR Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (HHS) BARDA Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority BLS Basic Life Support CB Children’s Bureau (ACF) CCB Child Care Bureau (ACF) CCDBG Child Care and Development Block Grant CCP Crisis Counseling Assistance and Training Program CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CFSIA Child and Family Services Improvement Act CHIP Children’s Health Insurance Program CIP Court Improvement Program CMS Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services CONOPS Concept of Operations CPT Current Procedural Terminology DHS Department of Homeland Security DMAT Disaster Medical Assistance Team DoD Department of Defense DOJ Department of Justice DOT Department of Transportation ED Department of Education ESC Enterprise Senior Council EHCY Education for Homeless Children and Youth Program EMS Emergency medical services NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS: 2010 REPORT 1 EMSC Emergency Medical Services for Children EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESF Emergency Support Function EUA Emergency Use Authorization FDA Food and Drug Administration FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency (DHS) FERPA Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act FETIG Federal Education and Training Interagency Group FICEMS Federal Interagency Committee on Emergency Medical Services FY Fiscal Year GAO Government Accountability Office HERA Hurricane Education Recovery Act HHS Department of Health and Human Services HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act HPP Hospital Preparedness Program HRSA Health Resources and Services Administration (HHS) HSGP Homeland Security Grant Program HUD Department of Housing and Urban Development IAA Interagency agreement IOM Institute of Medicine ISP Immediate Services Program LEA Local Education Agency MCM Medical countermeasure NCCD National Commission on Children and Disasters NCDMPH National Center for Disaster Medicine and Public Health NCJFCJ National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges NDHTF National Disaster Housing Task Force NDMS National Disaster Medical System NDRF National Disaster Recovery Framework 2 NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS: 2010 REPORT NHSS National Health Security Strategy NIH National Institutes of Health (HHS) NLE National Level Exercise NMETS National Mass Evacuation Tracking System NRC National Resource Center (EMSC) NRF National Response Framework NVOAD National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster OASIS Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards OFRD United States Public Health Service Office of Force Readiness and Development OHS Office of Head Start (HHS) OJJDP Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (DOJ) PEHSU Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit PHEMCE Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise PII Personally identifiable information PKEMRA Post Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 PL Public Law PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder QRIS Quality Rating and Improvement Systems REMS Readiness and Emergency Management for Schools RSF Recovery Support Function RSP Regular Services Program SAMHSA Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (HHS) SBA Small Business Administration SEA State Education Agency SERV School Emergency Response to Violence SNS Strategic National Stockpile USTRANSCOM United States Transportation Command (DoD) NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS: 2010 REPORT 3 Background The National Commission on Children and Disasters (“the Commission”) was established pursuant to the Kids in Disasters Well-being, Safety, and Health Act of 2007 as provided in Division G, Title VI of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2008.1 The Commission’s status as an independent Federal Advisory Committee was clarified in Division A, Section 157 (b) of the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act of 2009.2 The Commission was instructed to conduct a comprehensive study to independently examine and assess the needs of children (0-18 years of age) in relation to the preparation for, response to, and recovery from all hazards, including major disasters and emergencies, by building upon the evaluations of other entities and avoiding unnecessary duplication by reviewing the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of these entities. In addition to this report, the Commission submitted an Interim Report3 in October 2009. The Commission reports specific findings, conclusions, and recommendations relating to: 1) child physical health, mental health, and trauma; 2) child care in all settings; 3) child welfare; 4) elementary and secondary education; 5) sheltering, temporary housing, and affordable housing; 6) transportation; 7) juvenile justice; 8) evacuation; and 9) relevant activities in emergency management. The Commission also provides specific recommendations on the need for planning and establishing a national resource center on children and disasters, and reports on the coordination of resources and services, administrative actions, policies, regulations, and legislative changes as the Commission considers appropriate.4 The Commission is bipartisan, consisting of 10 members appointed by President George W. Bush and Congressional leaders. Commission members represent a variety of disciplines, including pediatrics, State and local emergency management, emergency medical services, non-governmental organizations dedicated to children, and State elected office. The Commission organized four subcommittees comprising Commissioners and Federal and non-Federal representatives: 1) Education, Child Welfare, and Juvenile Justice; 2) Evacuation, Transportation, and Housing; 3) Human Services Recovery; and 4) Pediatric Medical Care. The Commission met publicly on a quarterly basis and subcommittees met monthly to address their focus areas. 1 Public Law (P.L.) 110-161 (2008). 2 P.L. 110-329 (2009). 3 National Commission on Children and Disasters, Interim Report, (Washington, DC: NCCD, October 14, 2009), http://www.childrenanddisasters.acf.hhs.gov/20091014_508IR_partII.pdf. 4 P.L. 110-161 (2008). NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS: 2010 REPORT 5 Executive Summary The President and Congress charged the National Commission on Children and Disasters with carrying out the first-ever comprehensive review of Federal disaster-related laws, regulations, programs, and policies to assess their responsiveness to the needs of children and make recommendations to close critical gaps. In this Executive Summary, the Commission assembles all the recommendations in this report. As is customary for a Federal advisory body such as the Commission, the recommendations are primarily directed toward the President, Federal agencies, and Congress. However, in order to achieve a coordinated national strategy on children and disasters at all levels of government—including Federal, State, tribal, territorial, and local— the Commission urges non-Federal executive and legislative branches of government to consider and apply the recommendations, as appropriate. To assist Congress, Federal agencies, and non-Federal partners in quickly identifying recommendations most relevant to them, the Commission provides an index organized by the agency, group, or individual charged with implementing the recommendation (see Appendix B: Index to Recommendations and Responsible Entities). 1. Disaster Management and Recovery Recommendation 1.1: Distinguish and comprehensively integrate the needs of children across all inter- and intra-governmental disaster management activities and operations. - The President should develop a National Strategy for Children and Disasters. - The Executive Branch, Congress, and non-Federal partners should prioritize children separately from “at -risk” population categories. - The Executive Branch at all levels of government should establish and maintain permanent focal points ... Purchase answer to see full attachment