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I need a 70 page research report on Artificial Intelligence and creativity. -The research proposal is already prepared and I can provide you pdf.-The report should be a continuation of research proposal. -The report should be in APA format using R(papaja).-Need to reach some milestones on a weekly basis to meet semester requirements. final_researchproposal_223990.docx Unformatted Attachment Preview Running Head: HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAN BE USED TO ACHIEVE HUMAN CREATIVITY1 How Artificial Intelligence Can Be Used To Achieve Human Creativity Harsha Vardhan Sastry Veturi – 223990 Harrisburg University of Science and Technology Dr Martin A. Negrón GRAD 695: Research Methodology and Writing December 1st, 2019 HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAN BE USED TO ACHIEVE HUMAN CREATIVITY2 ABSTRACT This paper is a proposal for a study on AI. The study seeks to determine how AI can be used for achieving human creativity. The study focuses on art and emotion. The aspects of art covered in this research proposal include music, dance, theatre, and fine art & design. Therefore, the study will determine how AI can help to achieve human creativity in dance, music, theatre and fine art & design. Also, the study will determine how AI can be used to achieve human creativity in different areas of emotion AI such as marketing. For this research, a deductive research design is preferred. This design leads one to deduce meaning from existing theories. Besides, this research design will help the study identify the relationship between the various variables of the study as stated in the objectives. The researcher will formulate theories based on existing literature. Also, data will be collected to test the hypothesis. The dataset will be collected from numerous industry experts, after which it will be analyzed through the thematic recursive approach. This will help to establish the relationship between artificial intelligence and the various variables such as music, dance, theatre, and AI emotional intelligence. A semi-structured interview will be used as the instrument of data collection. This instrument is not highly formalized thus the respondents have the freedom to provide in-depth views. The population under study includes the experts from the AI field. These include professionals who work in business firms, entertainment platforms and educational setting. The sample will be drawn from this population. The study will utilize a purposive sampling technique for various reasons. With this approach, the researcher is able to select participants with certain characteristics. A sample size of 21 (n=21) is preferred for this study. The sample size will be fair and representative. Seven (7) of the respondents will be drawn from private entities, another seven from private firms, while the last proportion will be selected from entertainment platforms. This is the only HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAN BE USED TO ACHIEVE HUMAN CREATIVITY3 way to ensure that all views are representative. The study will rely on the recursive abstraction method. This method will ensure that common patterns are grouped together to form themes. For this study, the researcher will explore as well as identify patterns from the views and intuitions provided by the AI experts and other users. Finally, thematic codes will be developed for purposes of capturing views that focus on similar items. HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAN BE USED TO ACHIEVE HUMAN CREATIVITY4 Table of Contents ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ 2 1 2 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Background of the Study......................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Study Objectives ................................................................................................................... 12 1.3.1 General Objective ......................................................................................................... 12 1.3.2 Specific Objectives ....................................................................................................... 13 1.4 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 13 1.5 Hypotheses ............................................................................................................................ 14 1.6 Justification of the Study....................................................................................................... 14 1.7 Rationale ............................................................................................................................... 16 1.8 Study Limitations .................................................................................................................. 16 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................. 19 2.1 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE ........................................................................................ 19 2.1.1 2.2 3 Definition of Terms ....................................................................................................... 19 EMPIRICAL PERSPECTIVES ............................................................................................ 22 2.2.1 General: How AI can help Achieve Human Creativity................................................. 22 2.2.2 How AI can be used to Achieve Human Creativity in Music ....................................... 25 2.2.3 Using AI to Achieve Human Creativity in the Dancing ............................................... 33 2.2.4 Using Emotion AI to Achieve Human Creativity ......................................................... 41 2.2.5 How AI Can Be Used to Achieve Human Creativity in Theatre .................................. 50 2.2.6 Use of AI in Achieving Human Creativity in Fine Art &Design.................................. 56 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 59 3.1 Research Design.................................................................................................................... 59 3.2 General objective .................................................................................................................. 59 3.3 Specific objectives ................................................................................................................ 59 3.4 Hypotheses ............................................................................................................................ 60 3.5 Research Strategy.................................................................................................................. 60 3.6 Data Collection ..................................................................................................................... 60 3.7 Population under Study ......................................................................................................... 61 3.8 Sampling Technique ............................................................................................................. 61 3.9 Sample Size........................................................................................................................... 62 HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAN BE USED TO ACHIEVE HUMAN CREATIVITY5 3.10 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 62 3.11 Ethical Consideration ............................................................................................................ 62 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 64 HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAN BE USED TO ACHIEVE HUMAN CREATIVITY6 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Creativity as a skill is uniquely human. As per Baer (2014), throughout history, human beings have been outrightly the most creative beings on planet earth. Other animals too have special creative skills, but none of them on the entire surface of the planet nears the level of creativity that humans display on a daily basis (Baer, 2014). In the past few years, human beings have achieved astounding fetes with creativity. Among areas where human creativity is evident is in the field of computing. Human creativity is evident in the field of computing, mainly due to the various outstanding technologies human beings have been able to come up with, such as robots and business analytics tools. However, among all the computing technologies that human beings have created, artificial intelligence (AI) seems to be the most outstanding. Some scholars regard artificial intelligence as the epitome of human creativity in human beings (Dartnall, 2013). As a technology, AI is a clear indication of how far human beings can go with creativity. For clarification, AI refers to the ability of computers to perform tasks characteristically associated with human beings (Makridakis, 2017). In the contemporary world, AI is used to make systems that are endowed with intelligent processes, and human characteristics, including the ability to reason, discovering meaning, generalizing and learning from experience. Through AI, machines have been able to simulate and mimic human intelligence processes. This has led to the development of machines, such as robotics, which have the ability to learn, reason and do self-correction (Dartnall, 2013). For instance, with artificial intelligence, humans have managed to come up with computers with face recognition, devices that can translate between almost all languages, answer calls, and also defeat professional players at the world’s most complex board games, to mention a few. As HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAN BE USED TO ACHIEVE HUMAN CREATIVITY7 per Dartnall (2013), these advancements associated with AI have raised questions about humans’ ability to be creative being unrivalled in the entire universe. The above unique relationship between artificial intelligence and creativity goes far to probe the fact that creativity is an integral aspect of human intelligence as well as an inevitable challenge for artificial intelligence. From a technological perspective, artificial intelligence cannot ignore creativity. This is primarily due to the several benefits that computer programs could bare if integrated with creativity. Creativity is associated with almost all everyday human activities such as analogical thinking, perception, reflective selfcriticism, the association of ideas, and reminding (McCormack & d’Inverno, 2012). Creativity involves not only the creation of new ideas or concepts but also emotion and motivation and is closely connected to personality and cultural context factors. Presently, artificial intelligence models of creativity only focus on the creation of new ideas. Unlike in the past few years, the application of artificial intelligence is currently high. This could be linked to the ability of AI systems to mimic human beings, and in some cases, replace human beings. Most organizations are using AI systems to help them in undertaking several tasks within the organization. In most instances, these AI systems have gone beyond human capability (Makridakis, 2017). Also, these systems have helped in achieving or boosting human creativity in different ways. Several studies have shown that AI systems are slowly taking over most of the tasks that were previously carried out by human beings (Jennings, 2010). This is so considering that several processes, including repetitive and simple tasks, have already been comprehensively automated. However, Kasparov (2017) notes that regardless of this advancement as far as the application of AI systems are concerned, human beings have remained superior as far as abstract and creative tasks are HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAN BE USED TO ACHIEVE HUMAN CREATIVITY8 concerned. Nevertheless, it currently seems that AI is challenging people when it comes to creativity. AI, which is a man’s creation, is strongly challenging man’s creations. One of the areas where AI seems to be dominating is the art industry. In the past couple of years, the world has witnessed the emergence of numerous AI artists. According to Guadamuz (2017), AI artists are complex algorithms currently being used for creating unique works of art. The AI artist applications are producing stunning visuals, outstanding poetry, superior music, as well as rational movie scripts. The works of the AI artist systems continue to raise questions regarding the nature of art as well as the role that human creativity will play in future societies (Bidshahri, 2019). AI has created several artworks. One of such works is Unsecured Futures by Ai.Da. This artwork was produced in 2019. It is considered to be the first ultra-realistic drawing to be done by a robot artist. The robot artist’s mechanical abilities coupled with AI-based algorithms allow the artist to draw, paint and sculpt (Bidshahri, 2019). For example, the robot artist has the capability of drawing people by use of her artificial eye and pencil placed in her hand (Zulić, 2019). Unsecured Futures artwork by Ai.Da was first showcases at Oxford University in July. Genesis by AIVA Technologies is another artwork that has been developed using artificial intelligence. It is worth noting that AIVA is an artificial intelligence that comprises of soundtrack music for films, games, trailers, and commercials (Sayyad et al., 2011). The creative works of AIVA cut across a wide range of moods and emotions. Most of the scores that AIVA generates are indistinguishable from the scores from most talented human composers. According to Sayyad et al. (2011), the AIVA music engine allows its users to produce original scores in numerous ways. One of such ways is uploading existing humangenerated scores and then selecting the temp track for purposes of basing the composition process on. A second approach entails using pre-set algorithms for purpose of composing HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAN BE USED TO ACHIEVE HUMAN CREATIVITY9 music in pre-defined styles, which may include everything ranging from classical to Middle Eastern (Sayyad et al., 2011). Contemporarily, the AIVA platform is marketed as an opportunity for producers and filmmakers. However, with the current advancement of AI, this is likely to change in the near future. Possibly, in the future, AIVA will ensure that every person has personalized music that is produced for them on the basis of their interests, evolving moods as well as preferences (Reed, 2013). In future, algorithms would be used for generating music among other works of art that are customized for purposes of impacting people’s unique psyches. Another area where AI is seemingly dominating is concerning mimicking human emotion, which is typically referred to as Emotion AI. As per Somers (2019), emotion AI is a subset of AI that measures, comprehends, simulates and creates to human emotions. AI is also referred to as artificial emotional intelligence or affective computing. Other names associated with emotion AI include facial coding, emotion detection technology and emotion recognition. Recently, the field of emotion AI has received enormous interest from diverse scholars. This is owing to the several benefits that AI emotion has on society. This is better explained by Meredith Somers. Somers holds that, since AI can learn how to interpret and respond to human reaction, AI emotion systems can play a significant role in revolutionizing industries, especially in their customer care and communication departments (Somers, 2019). In her article published on the MIT School of management site, she asks pertinent questions, which can better be answered using emotion AI systems. Some of the questions that Somers asks include; i. What did the viewer think about the last commercial they watched? ii. Was the commercial funny? iii. Was the commercial confusing? HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAN BE USED TO ACHIEVE HUMAN CREATIVITY10 iv. Would the target viewer of the commercial buy the product being advertised? It is almost impossible for the marketing team of an organization to answer these questions. This is because the audiences for most commercials do not provide timely feedback. Others never provide feedback at all. As a result, it is normally a great challenge for an organization’s marketing department to assess the success or the effectiveness of their commercials. In the same note, it is normally a great challenge for organizations to determine audience’s reaction to commercial (Somers, 2019). This is where AI emotion comes in handy. This is because AI emotion systems are able to learn and recognize human emotions. Consequently, they use such information for purposes of improving everything linked with that emotion, such as marketing. With these systems, organizations can understand customers’ reaction to certain commercial and take the necessary actions, such as improving the commercial to fit the audience’s needs and thus encourage them to buy the product being advertised. This technology provides a much more natural interaction between human beings and machines (Bartneck, Lyons, & Saerbeck, 2017). With these technologies, the communication between machines and human beings is enhanced since machines are able to understand people’s emotional state, including how people are feeling and how they are likely to respond to certain content. According to Somers (2019), even though machines currently have an added advantage with regard to reading emotions, machines are increasingly gaining popularity in these areas using their various strengths. This is because machines are effective at analyzing enormous amounts of data. Thus, they can listen to voice variations and begin recognizing when such variations or inflexions relate with stress, anger or any other emotion. In the same note, machines can analyze images and consequently pick intricacies in microexpressions on people’s faces that might take place even too fast for human beings to HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAN BE USED TO ACHIEVE HUMAN CREATIVITY11 recognize. It is these capabilities that are making AI emotion systems applicable in diverse fields, including advertising, call centres, self-reporting, mental health, Automotive and the Assistive services sector (Somers, 2019). It is evident that the application of AI is widely, particularly in Art and emotion. It is evident from the works of different scholars discussed above that AI has been used in art and emotion industries with immense success. AI has left an indelible mark in these two industries. The paper will only focus on how AI could be used to realize human creativity in art and emotion industries. 1.2 Statement of the Problem Unlike in the past, when the application of AI was limited to just a few sectors and fields, AI seems to be taking over almost every field and sector. AI is revolutionizing processes in the industries and sectors where it is applied (Bridy, 2012). In some cases, such as data analytics and business environment analysis, AI is doing better than human beings. This is because it can handle big data, unlike human beings. Important to note is that AI has continually been applied with immense success in areas that seemed apriority sectors to the creators of AI. Among such sectors is the art industry (Harley et al., (2015). Another seemingly insignificant area that AI seems to be taking over is the area of emotional intelligence. AI has been applied in these two areas with immense success. For example, in the field of emotion, AI has led to the creation of AI emotion systems, which have significantly revolutionized the marketing and advertisement sector. Also, t ... Purchase answer to see full attachment