Fluent Essays

Using reflective writing as a critical thinking process, consider your researcher positionality as a doctoral-level qualitative researcher and offer a reflective discussion that encompasses four to five paragraphs:After reviewing the Week 8 Resources and Figure 8.1, use writing-as-inquiry to reflect on the aspects of yourself as a scholar and qualitative researcher and begin to articulate how you would describe your own researcher positionality.Review the five-course learning objectives (CLOs, see them listed again below) and assess the new learning you have gained in this course and how you will apply it to your future qualitative research design.Reflect on the gains and challenges in this course experience, and evaluate the current state of your ability to offer a substantive rationale for the choice of the qualitative method for doctoral-level research and the justification of a specific qualitative research design to explore a focused educational problem.Finally, consider the additional development you will need as you continue your coursework and your development as a doctoral qualitative researcher and your researcher positionality.Length: 4-5 paragraphs (1–1.5 pages)References: Optionalhttp://methods.sagepub.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/base/download/BookChapter/ethics-and-education-research/n6.xmlhttps://methods-sagepub-com.proxy1.ncu.edu/video/mapping-out-the-survey-research-process?clip=122184https://journals-sagepub-com.proxy1.ncu.edu/doi/10.1177/1468794117714612 hudnaledr8204_7.docx hudnaledr8204_4.docx hudnaledr8204_5.pptx hudnaledr8204_6.docx hudnaledr8204_3.docx Unformatted Attachment Preview Running head: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN RATIONALE Qualitative Research Design Rationale Prospectus Lenard Hudnal Submitted to Northcentral University School of Education in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF XXXXXXX by [NAME] San Diego, California [month/year] 1 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN RATIONALE 2 Introduction In this research, the data to be collected is aimed at reflecting the social and physical effects of sport among adolescents. The theory developed in this research study tends to explain that there is a relationship between sports and its physical and social effects among adolescents. Various data collection techniques to be used include the use of questionnaires and obtaining data from secondary sources. The target population in this research are adolescents since it aims to identify the effect of sport on them. Purpose of the study This research aims to identify the relationship that exists between teenagers and sports. This relationship is represented in terms of the physical and social effects they have of adolescents. Research Question What is the social and physical effect of sport on adolescents? Method and Design Justification for the choice of the qualitative approach to examine an educational research problem. The research problem is the physical and social effects of sports on teenagers. Therefore, the choice of qualitative method is the grounded theory, which is a systematic process of conducting qualitative research that is directed towards the development of a theory. The grounded theory has considerable significance since it discloses accurate guidelines for conducting qualitative QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN RATIONALE 3 research. For the purpose of identifying the physical and social effects of sports of teenagers, the grounded theory streamlines the data collection method and analysis (Charmaz, 2003). A few challenges are brought about by the grounded theory, which includes the consumption of too much time on analysis. Justification for the choice of research design as appropriately aligned with the qualitative method. Research design is the strategy chosen to integrate the various aspects of the study in a logical way. This aspect allows the research problem to be addressed adequately. The research design, in this case, is an experimental one that tries to prove a theory. Moreover, a qualitative data analysis method is employed during the analysis of the theory. In this research, the social and physical effects of sports are tested on teenagers, and the research design will assist in explaining the relationship that exists between the two variables (Hussein et al. 2014). Justification for the choice of sampling method and sample size as aligned with the conventions of qualitative research and the specific research design proposed. It is important to note that the target population in this research study are adolescent individuals. The research aims at establishing the relationship that exists between sports and its effects on them. The sampling method, in this case, is the random sample method that selects individuals at random hence obtaining data from them. The sample size, on the other hand, has to be within a manageable range. This aspect implies that the sample size has to favor the research budget. A significant sample size may have more accuracy, but it may be expensive. However, a QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN RATIONALE 4 small sample may be cheap, but it may provide inaccurate data. Hence, an average sample size is favorable for the research (Amankwaa, 2016). Justification for the choice of data collection method as aligned with the conventions of qualitative research and the specific research design proposed. The most appropriate data collection method is data collected from the target population. This aspect is due to the fact that it is the target population being investigated, and they have good knowledge of how the research variables affect them. The second data collection method is the use of secondary sources to identify the physical and social effects of sports of teenagers. The two data collection methods have the ability to provide accurate data for the research hence allow the researchers to make a precise inference (Elliott, 2015). The most appropriate way of obtaining data from the target populations is through the use of questionnaires, which will be handed out to be filled then returned for analysis. Justification for the choice of data analysis method as aligned with the conventions of qualitative research and the specific research design proposed. It is essential to note that the data collected in this research is qualitative, which means it is data that is aimed at explaining a given theory. In this research, two data analysis methods include content and narrative analysis. The content analysis breaks down documented information from secondary sources, while narrative analysis examines information from other sources that include data obtained from people through questionnaires. Both data analyses give an accurate description of data collected from secondary sources and people (Mayring, 2004). QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN RATIONALE 5 Describe the qualitative analysis software application to be used for the proposed for the data analysis method proposed. A computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software is an application that assists research to analyses data collected using various means on a computer. NVivo is a qualitative data analysis software with the ability to analyze both small and large data. The main advantage of using NVivo is that the software collects and analyzes almost any data hence suitable for the research design. Additionally, the software creates codes that identify the patterns in a data set. The research aims to study teenagers and also obtain information from them. One new feature of the NVivo software allows it to be linked with various social media platforms. It thus allows easy data access from teenagers who are frequent users of social media (Triangle Admin, 2015). QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN RATIONALE Reference Amankwaa, L. (2016). Creating Protocols for Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 23(3), 121–127. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohostcom.proxy1.ncu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=29694754&site=eds-live Charmaz. (2003). Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory. Retrieved from; https://guides.temple.edu/groundedtheory Elliott, D. (2015). Secondary data analysis. Research in the college context: Approaches and methods, 175-184. Hussein, M. E., Hirst, S., Salyers, V., & Osuji, J. (2014). Using grounded theory as a method of inquiry: Advantages and disadvantages. The Qualitative Report, 19(27), 1-15. Mayring, P. (2004). Qualitative content analysis. A companion to qualitative research, 1, 159176. Triangle Admin. (2015). Benefits of Using NVivo For Data Management. Retrieved From; Https://Researcholic.Wordpress.Com/2015/04/20/Benefits-Of-Using-Nvivo-For-DataManagement/ 6 Running head: CQDAS APPLICATIONS EVALUATION 1 Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software Evaluation Lenard Hudnal CQDAS Applications NVivo and Hyper Research Selection Criteria Minimum System Specifications Structure of the The user data or work interface (UI) Interoperability and data export CQDAS APPLICATIONS EVALUATION 2 According to research on the selection criteria above, Hyper Research is better than NVivo for use in qualitative data analysis. When choosing a Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CQDAS), there are many functionality features to analyze for each package (Lewins & Silver, 2009). Hyper Research software is cross-platform and requires minimum space for installation as recommended by the developer. Cross-platform means that it can operate on both Windows and Macintosh platforms. A file created on Windows PC can open on MAC OS. It requires a minimum space of 41 Megabytes in any computer (Silver & Silver, 2010). On the other hand, NVivo runs mostly on Windows and sometimes on Mac platform and requires eight gigabytes free space on the hard disk and four gigabytes of random access memory (RAM). It also requires an internet connection. The minimum system requirements for Hyper Research are attainable; hence it is the best option for me to use in qualitative data analysis. Additionally, hyper research has external databases in that source files are accessible by the study but not contained in it. On the contrary, in the NVivo package, all the data is imported into one file. In case of software failure, it is easy to recover data contained Hyper Research cases as compared to the one project file in NVivo, which loses all the data. This makes the Hyper Research method better for use in my project. Furthermore, considering the user interface (UI) for the two CQDAS packages, Hyper Research has more appealing multi-window interface that does not require a powerful computer. It contains hyperlinks and case cards to text and multimedia data. The NVivo user interface includes specific context ribbons and navigation views which make it complex to use. The simplicity of the Hyper Research package makes it more reliable and easy to use. Additionally, the hyper research package has a Word Cruncher and SPSS Export function that enables a researcher to bridge the qualitative-quantitative gap (Green, 2011). Finally, hyper research method has high import/export capabilities over all platforms as compared to NVivo. Interoperability makes it more useful to us students because we can carry our analysis on different machines (Schiller, 2019). References CQDAS APPLICATIONS EVALUATION 3 Green, R. A. (2011). Software for Linking Concepts. In R. A. Green, Case study research: a program evaluation guide for librarians (pp. 96-100). Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara, Calif. : Libraries Unlimited, ©2011. Lewins, A., & Silver, C. (2009, April). Choosing a CQDAS Package. Retrieved from Surrey: https://www.surrey.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2009ChoosingaCAQDASPackage.pdf Schiller, H. I. (2019, October 9). Research Tools Workshop. Retrieved from interoperability.ucsd.edu: http://interoperability.ucsd.edu/docs/researchtools.html Silver, A., & Silver, C. (2010, August 10). HyperRESEARCH: Distinguishing features and functions. Retrieved from Surrey: https://www.surrey.ac.uk/sites/default/files/HyperRESEARCHdistinguishingfeaturesFIN AL.pdf QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS GROUNDED THEORY: STRENGTHS AND CHALLENGES  Strengths  Fosters creativity-the researcher is not confined to testing preconceived hypothesis, but rather explores empirical data to identify associations  Has a systematic data analysis protocol  It is instinctive-this design allows intensive engagement with the data  Allows researchers to conceptualize-researcher can generate valid concepts from data (El Hussein et al. 2014)  Challenges  Time consuming-open data coding is laborious and exhaustive  Vulnerable to methodological errors-complexity of this approach exposes novice researchers to an array of technical errors (Pulla, 2016)  Has numerous approaches CASE STUDIES: STRENGTHS AND CHALLENGES   Strengths  Accuracy in relating theory to practice-this approach allows researchers to evaluate associations between theory and practice  Efficient in hypothesis formulation- case studies lead to identification of unanticipated information  Discloses pertinent correlations- intensive analysis of a case allows the researcher to unearth crucial details Challenges  Lack of rigor-reliability and internal validity are questionable (Lock and Seele, 2018)  Potential of collecting useless data-researcher may collect vast quantities of data of minimal scientific value (Crowe et al. 2011)  Conceptualizing an inappropriate case BENEFITS OF THE RESEARCH DESIGNS  Both research methodologies are guided by a scientific framework and lead to the collection of comprehensive data on the subject  These designs have a prescribed approach for data analysis which ensures that the gathered data is critically and accurately analyzed to give valid and reliable information  The designs confer some degree of freedom to the researcher, which creates room for creativity and exploration of instinctive ideologies, which may not be particularly compatible with other designs  Researcher bias is minimal in these designs which fosters reliability of research findings and the generalization of the findings  Importantly, these study designs allow the researcher to capture the actual state of events regardless of their research prowess SELECTED QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN  Grounded theory is a design marked with a logical procedure of analyzing data  The design engages inductive reasoning  Research  It framed by this designs may start in the form of the question may also begin with some sets of qualitative data  Researchers utilize codes to tag data they have collected GROUNDED THEORY GENERAL PRINCIPLES, TENETS, TRADITIONS, AND PARADIGMATIC PERSPECTIVES  It encompasses various traditions in positivism and sociology  Its principle stresses on the significance of social engagement  Based on the design, human beings can interpret the world by using symbols  One will realize the behaviors of human beings based on the symbols  The researcher will learn about the world by interpreting the human engagements REFERENCES  Crowe, S., Cresswell, K., Robertson, A., Huby, G., Avery, A., & Sheikh, A. (2011). The case study approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11(100).  El Hussein, M., Hirst, S., Salyers, V., & Osuji, J. (2014). Using Grounded Theory as a Method of Inquiry: Advantages and Disadvantages. The Qualitative Report, 19(27), 1-15.  Holt, N. L., Neely, K. C., Slater, L. G., Camiré, M., Côté, J., Fraser-Thomas, J., ... & Tamminen, K. A. (2017). A grounded theory of positive youth development through sport based on results from a qualitative meta-study. International review of sport and exercise psychology, 10(1), 1-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2016.1180704  Johnson, J. S. (2015). Qualitative sales research: An exposition of grounded theory. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 35(3), 262-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2014.954581  Leung, L. (2015). Validity, reliability, and generalizability in qualitative research. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 4(3), 324. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26288766  Lock, I., & Seele, P. (2018). Gauging the Rigor of Qualitative Case Studies in Comparative Lobbying Research. A Framework and Guideline for Research and Analysis. Journal Of Public Affairs, 18(4), 1-5.  Pulla, V. (2016). An Introduction to the Grounded Theory Approach in Social Research. International Journal Of Social Work And Human Services Practice, 4(4), 75-81. Running head: QUALITY CHECKLIST 1 Qualitative Data Quality Checklist Lenard Hudnal QUALITY CHECKLIST 2 Qualitative Data Quality Checklist Criteria for Data Trustworthiness Based on Cohen & Crabtree (2008) and Amankwaa (2016) No Yes Cannot Answer Credibility 1. Did the researchers spend enough time observing, talking to people, building relationships, checking for misinformation coming from the informants? 2. Did the researchers use multiple theories, investigators, and data sources to enhance comprehension as well as ensure a robust and rich account of their study inquiry? 3. Did the researchers take their collected data, analyses, conclusions, interpretations back to participants to validate the trustworthiness of their account? Transferability 1. Did the authors achieve to provide a sense of authenticity? 2. Did the authors describe in a detailed manner every part of their research (fully describing participants, procedures and settings, length and location of interviews, QUALITY CHECKLIST interviewees and interviewers reaction, recording procedures, results, for instance, long quotes or interview dialogue? 3. Was the sample enough for the study? Dependability 1. Did the researchers use an external audit to examine their research process and product? 2. Did the research process follow all the established ethical and professional guidelines? 3. Were data taken from a range of suitable settings, respondents, and times? 4. Were quality and coding checks made? Did they demonstrate adequate agreement? Confirmability 1. Is the data used to support conclusions? 2. Were any methods utilized to control for any bias? Were they adequate? 3. Did the authors consider compelling hypotheses and rival conclusions? 3 QUALITY CHECKLIST 4. Were the researchers self-aware and explicit as possible about their personal values, assumptions, and biases? 4 QUALITY CHECKLIST 5 References Cohen, D. J., & Crabtree, B. F. (2008). Evaluative criteria for qualitative research in health care: controversies and recommendations. The Annals of Family Medicine, 6(4), 331-339. Amankwaa, L. (2016). Creating Protocols for Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research. Journal Of Cultural Diversity, 23(3), 121–127. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohostcom.proxy1.ncu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=29694754&site=eds-live Qualitative Data Analysis 1 Qualitative Data Analysis Methods Lenard Hudnal QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS METHODS 2 Qualitative Data Analysis Methods Globally, research processes are accompanied by several infinite factors of consideration which works towards the maximization of the formulated principles and procedures (Williams, 2003). Data collection marks one of the core factors depicted in any research design process; however, the type of the specified method of data collection directly affects the core foundational maximization towards the objected vision. Under this scope, the strategized kind of data collection lies under the parameters of the use of administered questionnaire towards the qualitative research design (Kirakowski, 1994). There exist different types of data depending on the core objectives of the research, namely, qualitative and quantitative types of data. Therefore the formulated questions in the questionnaire directly exhibit the collection of the qualitative data, that is, through the use of open-ended and rigid questions. The analysis of the qualitative data lies under several channels of evaluations, for example, content analysis, narrative analysis, discourse analysis, and grounded theory (Mayring, 2004). However, concerning this analysis, the selected types of qualitative data are the content analysis and narrative analysis. Qualitative type of data refers to the type of data that lies under the dictation of the categorical variables under the authorization of constrictions of what type. The first method of analysis is the content analysis; it illustrates the breakdown of documented information. The sources of the recorded information include; texts, whereby the researcher should gather the sources related to the type of analysis depending on the topic of study of the entire research. This means that the researcher should first use diverse platforms to locate the relevant source of the qualitative data and then evaluate the overall texts and extract the essential details to help in the maximization of the strategized vision. On the other hand, the narrative analysis involves evaluations of the contents from other sources, for example, recorded interview sessions and related stories from the target population (Sgier, 2012). It requires the researcher to search for these sources compressively and utilize the information to extract the qualitative data of interest. For example, if the researcher was dealing with the identification of factors affecting the field of industrialization, ... Purchase answer to see full attachment